 |
|
Alanine transaminase
| |
Blood Tests*
|
|
|
Albert disease
| |
Achilles Tendon Bursitis
|
|
|
Albinism
| |
Albinism
|
|
|
Albright's syndrome
| |
Other Bone Abnormalities:
Fibrous Dysplasia
|
|
|
Albumin
| |
Components of Blood:
Plasma
|
|
|
blood levels of
| |
Undernutrition: Diagnosis
|
|
|
Albuterol
| |
|
|
|
in asthma
| |
Site Selectivity: Agonists and Antagonists
Asthma: Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Drugs Used to Treat Asthma
Respiratory Disorders in Children: Treatment
|
|
|
in COPD
| |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Treatment of Symptoms
|
|
|
Alcohol
| |
|
|
|
cleansing with
| |
Treatment of Skin Disorders:
Cleansing Agents
|
|
|
drug interactions with
| |
Drug Interactions:
Alcohol
|
|
|
Alcoholics Anonymous
| |
Alcoholics Anonymous: A Path to Recovery
|
|
|
Alcohol use and abuse
| |
Alcohol
Classifying Alcohol Use Disorders
Effects of Prolonged Alcohol Use
|
|
|
by adolescents
| |
Drug and Substance Use and Abuse in Adolescents:
Alcohol
Suicidal Behavior in Children and Adolescents: Risk Factors
|
|
|
breastfeeding and
| |
Taking Drugs While Breastfeeding
|
|
|
consciousness alterations with
| |
Some Causes of Stupor and Coma
|
|
|
coronary artery disease and
| |
Atherosclerosis: Alcohol intake
Coronary Artery Disease:
Risk Factors
|
|
|
depression and
| |
Depression:
Substance Abuse
|
|
|
folic acid deficiency with
| |
Folate:
Folate Deficiency
|
|
|
head injury and
| |
Intracranial Hematomas: Subdural Hematomas
|
|
|
in high blood pressure
| |
High Blood Pressure:
Treatment
|
|
|
information resources on
| |
|
|
|
liver disease in
| |
Jaundice: Causes
Some Causes and Features of Jaundice
Cirrhosis
Alcohol's Toll on the Liver
|
|
|
niacin deficiency with
| |
Niacin:
Niacin Deficiency
|
|
|
optic neuropathy with
| |
Toxic Amblyopia: Causes
|
|
|
oral cancer and
| |
Cancerous Mouth Growths: Risk Factors
|
|
|
over-the-counter drug precautions and
| |
Chronic Disorders and Over-the-Counter Drugs
|
|
|
pancreatitis and
| |
Acute Pancreatitis
|
|
|
during pregnancy
| |
Drug Use During Pregnancy:
Alcohol
|
|
|
preoperative decrease in
| |
Surgery: Alcohol and Tobacco Use
|
|
|
screening for
| |
Selected Screening Schedule for Adults*,†
|
|
|
suicide and
| |
Suicidal Behavior: Causes
|
|
|
tremor and
| |
Tremor: What a doctor does
|
|
|
vitamin B1 deficiency with
| |
Thiamin:
Thiamin Deficiency
|
|
|
vitamin deficiencies and
| |
Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin Deficiency
|
|
|
weight loss in
| |
Involuntary Weight Loss: What the doctor does
|
|
|
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome with
| |
Specific Types of Brain Dysfunction:
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Thiamin:
Brain abnormalities
|
|
|
withdrawal from
| |
Alcohol: Withdrawal Symptoms
Alcohol:
Treatment
Alcoholics Anonymous: A Path to Recovery
|
|
|
Aldosterone
| |
Major Hormones
Adrenal Gland Disorders
Sodium: Controlling Blood Volume
|
|
|
in blood pressure control
| |
High Blood Pressure:
The Body's Control of Blood Pressure
Regulating Blood Pressure: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
|
|
|
deficiency of
| |
Addison Disease
|
|
|
high potassium levels with
| |
Potassium:
Hyperkalemia
|
|
|
excess of
| |
Hyperaldosteronism
Eating Real Licorice
|
|
|
low potassium levels with
| |
Potassium:
Hypokalemia
Potassium:
Hypokalemia
|
|
|
Alendronate
| |
|
|
|
food interactions with
| |
Some Drug-Food Interactions
|
|
|
in osteoporosis
| |
Some Drugs Used to Treat Symptoms and Effects of Menopause
|
|
|
in osteogenesis imperfecta
| |
Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Treatment
|
|
|
in osteoporosis
| |
Osteoporosis: Drugs
|
|
|
in Paget disease of bone
| |
Paget Disease of Bone: Treatment
|
|
|
Alexia
| |
Specific Types of Brain Dysfunction:
Aphasia
|
|
|
Alfuzosin
| |
Some Drugs Used to Treat Urinary Incontinence
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Drugs
|
|
|
Alkali, burns from
| |
Burns
Caustic Substances Poisoning
|
|
|
Alkaline phosphatase
| |
Cholestasis: Diagnosis
|
|
|
Alkalinity, blood
| |
Acid-Base Balance
What Is the Blood pH?
Major Causes of Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis
Major Causes of Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Alkalosis
|
|
|
Alkalosis
| |
|
|
|
metabolic
| |
Major Causes of Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis
Alkalosis
|
|
|
respiratory
| |
Alkalosis
|
|
|
Alkylating agents
| |
Chemotherapy Drugs
|
|
|
ALL (acute lymphocytic/lymphoblastic leukemia)
| |
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
|
|
|
Allergens
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
|
|
|
anaphylactic reactions to
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders:
Emergency treatment
Anaphylactic Reactions
|
|
|
in asthma
| |
Asthma: Causes
Asthma: Diagnosis
Avoiding Common Causes of Asthma Attacks
|
|
|
in contact dermatitis
| |
Dermatitis:
Contact Dermatitis
Common Causes of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
|
|
|
immunotherapy against
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders:
Allergen immunotherapy
|
|
|
skin testing for
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Diagnosis
Food Allergy: Diagnosis
|
|
|
Allergy
| |
|
|
|
to milk
| |
|
|
|
in infant
| |
Some Physical Causes and Features of Constipation in Infants and Children
|
|
|
Allergy and allergic reactions
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
|
|
|
anaphylactic
| |
see Anaphylactic reactions
|
|
|
to antibiotics
| |
Antibiotics: Side Effects and Allergic Reactions
|
|
|
aspergillosis
| |
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
|
|
|
to aspirin
| |
Treatment of Pain: Aspirin
|
|
|
asthma
| |
see Asthma
|
|
|
bee sting
| |
Bee, Wasp, Hornet, and Ant Stings: Treatment
|
|
|
to blood transfusion
| |
Precautions and Adverse Reactions During Blood Transfusion:
Allergic reactions
|
|
|
conjunctivitis
| |
Seasonal Allergies
Seasonal Allergies:
Eye symptoms
Allergic Conjunctivitis
|
|
|
conjunctivitis with
| |
Some Causes and Features of Eye Redness
|
|
|
dermatitis
| |
Dermatitis:
Contact Dermatitis
Common Causes of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
|
|
|
diagnosis of
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Diagnosis
|
|
|
to drugs
| |
Allergies to Drugs
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders:
Allergen immunotherapy
Drug Rashes
|
|
|
drugs for
| |
Some Antihistamines
Some Drugs Used to Treat Allergies: Available Forms
|
|
|
eosinophilic pneumonia
| |
Eosinophilic Pneumonia
|
|
|
exercise-induced
| |
Exercise-Induced Allergic Reactions
|
|
|
eyelid swelling and
| |
Some Causes and Features of Eyelid Swelling
|
|
|
to food
| |
Food Allergy
|
|
|
in infant
| |
Feeding of Newborns and Infants:
Starting Solid Foods
|
|
|
to gases and chemicals
| |
Gas and Chemical Exposure
|
|
|
to grass pollen
| |
Seasonal Allergies
|
|
|
hives
| |
Hives: Causes
Hives: What the doctor does
|
|
|
to house dust
| |
Year-Round Allergies
|
|
|
in IgA deficiency
| |
Selective Immunoglobulin Deficiency: Selective IgA Deficiency
|
|
|
immunoglobulin E in
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
|
|
|
information resources on
| |
|
|
|
to insulin
| |
Diabetes Mellitus (DM):
Insulin Replacement Therapy
|
|
|
lip swelling with
| |
Lip and Tongue Disorders:
Swelling
Angioedema: Symptoms
|
|
|
in lungs
| |
Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases of the Lungs
|
|
|
mastocytosis
| |
Mastocytosis
|
|
|
to milk, in infant
| |
Some Medical Disorders That Cause Excessive Crying in Infants and Young Children*
Some Causes and Features of Diarrhea
Some Causes and Features of Vomiting in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
|
|
|
multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome
| |
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome
Reported Triggers for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome
|
|
|
nasal discharge and
| |
Some Causes and Features of Nasal Congestion and Discharge
|
|
|
nasal polyps in
| |
Year-Round Allergies: Symptoms and Diagnosis
Year-Round Allergies: Treatment
|
|
|
nephrotic syndrome
| |
Nephrotic Syndrome: Causes
Secondary Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
|
|
|
occupational
| |
Who Is at Risk of Environmental Lung Diseases?
Occupational Asthma
|
|
|
photosensitivity
| |
see also Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity Reactions
|
|
|
physical
| |
Physical Allergy
|
|
|
pneumonitis
| |
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
What Causes Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
|
|
|
to pollen
| |
Seasonal Allergies
Allergic Conjunctivitis
|
|
|
prevention of
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders:
Prevention
Year-Round Allergies:
Prevention
|
|
|
to radiopaque dyes
| |
Anaphylactoid Versus Anaphylactic
|
|
|
rhinitis
| |
Seasonal Allergies
Rhinitis:
Allergic rhinitis
|
|
|
seasonal
| |
Seasonal Allergies
|
|
|
sinusitis
| |
Sinusitis
Fungal Sinus Infections
|
|
|
skin testing in
| |
Asthma: Diagnosis
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Skin Disorders: Skin Tests
|
|
|
symptoms of
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders:
Symptoms
|
|
|
treatment of
| |
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders:
Treatment
Some Antihistamines
Some Drugs Used to Treat Allergies: Available Forms
|
|
|
tubulointerstitial nephritis (kidney disease)
| |
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
|
|
|
year-round
| |
Year-Round Allergies
|
|
|
Alloimmunization, in sickle cell disease
| |
Anemia During Pregnancy:
Sickle cell disease
|
|
|
Allopurinol
| |
Gout and Pseudogout: Lowering Blood Levels of Uric Acid
Drugs Used to Treat Gout
|
|
|
All-trans-retinoic acid
| |
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML): Treatment
|
|
|
Alopecia (baldness)
| |
Hair Loss (Alopecia)
Losing Hair
Some Causes and Features of Hair Loss
|
|
|
Alopecia areata
| |
Some Causes and Features of Hair Loss
Hair Loss (Alopecia):
Alopecia Areata
Deformities and Discoloration of the Nails:
Deformities Associated With Skin Diseases
|
|
|
Alpha-agonists
| |
|
|
|
in glaucoma
| |
Drugs Used to Treat Glaucoma
|
|
|
in high blood pressure
| |
High Blood Pressure:
Drug therapy
Antihypertensive Drugs
|
|
|
urinary incontinence with
| |
Some Drugs That Can Cause Incontinence
|
|
|
Alpha1-antitrypsin
| |
|
|
|
deficiency of
| |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Causes
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Other Treatments
|
|
|
Alpha-beta blockers
| |
High Blood Pressure:
Drug therapy
Antihypertensive Drugs
|
|
|
Alpha-blockers
| |
|
|
|
in benign prostatic hyperplasia
| |
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Drugs
|
|
|
in high blood pressure
| |
High Blood Pressure:
Drug therapy
Antihypertensive Drugs
|
|
|
in urinary incontinence
| |
Some Drugs Used to Treat Urinary Incontinence
|
|
|
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
| |
|
|
|
in birth defects
| |
Prenatal Diagnostic Testing: Second-Trimester Screening
Birth Defects:
Diagnosis
Brain and Spinal Cord Defects:
Neural Tube Defects
|
|
|
as tumor marker
| |
Selected Tumor Markers*
|
|
|
Alpha heavy chain disease
| |
Heavy Chain Diseases
|
|
|
Alpha-thalassemia
| |
Thalassemias
|
|
|
Alport's syndrome
| |
Glomerulonephritis (Nephritic Syndrome):
Hereditary Nephritis (Alport's Syndrome)
|
|
|
Alprostadil
| |
|
|
|
in coarctation of aorta
| |
Heart Defects:
Coarctation of the Aorta
|
|
|
in erectile dysfunction
| |
Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Drugs
|
|
|
in pulmonary valve stenosis
| |
Heart Defects:
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
|
|
|
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
| |
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
|
|
|
information resources on
| |
|
|
|
ALTE (apparent life-threatening event)
| |
Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE)
|
|
|
Alternative medicine
| |
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
|
|
|
for cancer
| |
Alternative Medicine for Cancer
|
|
|
for postmenopausal symptoms
| |
Menopause:
Alternative medicine
|
|
|
Altitude illness
| |
Altitude Illness
|
|
|
headache with
| |
Some Causes and Features of Headaches
|
|
|
Aluminum acetate (Burow's solution)
| |
Dermatitis: Prevention and Treatment
|
|
|
Aluminum antacids
| |
Peptic Ulcer:
Antacids
Drugs Used to Treat Peptic Disorders
|
|
|
Aluminum chloride
| |
Excessive Sweating: Treatment
|
|
|
Aluminum toxicity
| |
Dialysis: Medical considerations
|
|
|
Alveoli
| |
Inside the Lungs and Airways
Respiratory System
Gas Exchange Between Alveolar Spaces and Capillaries
|
|
|
bleeding from
| |
Unusual Interstitial Lung Diseases
|
|
|
inflammation of (alveolitis)
| |
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
What Causes Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
|
|
|
macrophages of
| |
Defense Mechanisms
|
|
|
proteinosis of
| |
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
|
|
|
Alzheimer's disease
| |
see also Dementia
|
|
|
Alzheimer disease
| |
|
|
|
Down syndrome and
| |
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21; Trisomy G): Prognosis
|
|
|
sleep disorders with
| |
Sleep Disorders in Dementia
|
|
|
Alzheimer's disease
| |
Dementia:
Alzheimer's Disease
|
|
|
information resources on
| |
|