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Index
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An

Anabolic steroids

see also Androgens
Anabolic Steroids

  • in adolescents

  • Drug and Substance Use and Abuse in Adolescents: Other Substances

  • hirsutism and

  • Some Causes and Features of HirsutismTables

    Anaerobes

    Bacteria in the BodySidebar
    Bacterial Infections: Classification
    What Are Clostridia?Sidebar

    Anaerobic

  • exrecise

  • Starting an Exercise Program: Strength training

    Anaerobic infections

    see specific infections

    Anagrelide

  • in polycythemia vera

  • Polycythemia Vera: Prognosis and Treatment

  • in thrombocythemia

  • Thrombocythemia: Treatment

    Anakinra

  • in rheumatoid arthritis

  • Drugs Used to Treat Rheumatoid ArthritisTables
    Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Immunosuppressive Drugs

    Analgesics

    Treatment of Pain

  • adjuvant

  • Treatment of Pain: Adjuvant Analgesics

  • in common cold

  • Nonprescription Cold RemediesTables

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • in labor and delivery

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy: Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery
    Labor: Pain Relief

  • in migraine headache

  • Drugs Used to Treat MigrainesTables

  • nonopioid

  • Treatment of Pain: Nonopioid Analgesics
    How Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs WorkSidebar

  • opioid

  • Treatment of Pain: Opioid Analgesics
    Opioid AnalgesicsTables

  • overuse of

  • headache with

  • Some Causes and Features of HeadachesTables
    Migraines: Treatment

  • patient-controlled

  • Treatment of Pain: Administration
    Surgery: Hospitalization

  • postoperative

  • Surgery: Hospitalization

    Anaphylactic reactions

    Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Symptoms
    Anaphylactic Reactions

  • vs. anaphylactoid reactions

  • Anaphylactoid Versus AnaphylacticSidebar

  • exercise-induced

  • Exercise-Induced Allergic Reactions

  • fainting with

  • Fainting: What the doctor doesTables

  • in food allergy

  • Food Allergy: Symptoms

  • in selective IgA deficiency

  • Selective Immunoglobulin Deficiency: Selective IgA Deficiency

  • treatment of

  • Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Emergency treatment
    Anaphylactic Reactions: Prevention and Treatment

    Anaphylactoid reactions

    Anaphylactoid Versus AnaphylacticSidebar

  • in mastocytosis

  • Mastocytosis: Symptoms

    Anaplasmosis

    Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis

    Anastomosis, ileo-anal

    Ulcerative Colitis: Surgery

    Anastrozole

    Chemotherapy DrugsTables
    Breast Cancer: Drugs

    Anatomy

    The Human Body
    Inside the TorsoFigures

  • adenoids

  • Locating the Tonsils and AdenoidsFigures

  • adrenal glands

  • Adrenal Gland Disorders
    A Close Look at the Adrenal GlandsFigures

  • anus

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Rectum and Anus
    Anal and Rectal Disorders

  • aorta

  • Where Do Aortic Aneurysms Occur?Figures

  • appendix

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Large Intestine

  • bile ducts

  • View of the Liver and GallbladderFigures
    Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

  • biliary tract

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

  • bladder

  • Viewing the Urinary TractFigures
    Bladder

  • bones

  • Biology of the Musculoskeletal System
    Musculoskeletal SystemFigures

  • brain

  • Brain
    Viewing the BrainFigures

  • breast

  • Inside the BreastFigures

  • bursas

  • Tendons and Bursae

  • digestive system

  • Biology of the Digestive System
    Digestive SystemFigures

  • disease and

  • Anatomy and Disease

  • duodenum

  • Small Intestine

  • ear

  • Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat
    A Look Inside the EarFigures

  • endocrine system

  • Biology of the Endocrine System
    Major Endocrine GlandsFigures
    Major HormonesTables

  • esophagus

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Throat and Esophagus

  • eye

  • Biology of the Eyes
    An Inside Look at the EyeFigures
    Structures That Protect the EyeFigures

  • gallbladder

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
    View of the Liver and GallbladderFigures
    Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

  • heart

  • Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels
    A Look Into the HeartFigures
    Supplying the Heart With BloodFigures

  • electrical pathway and

  • Abnormal Heart Rhythms: Normal Electrical Pathway

  • ileum

  • Small Intestine

  • jejunum

  • Small Intestine

  • joints

  • Joints
    Inside the KneeFigures

  • kidney

  • Kidneys
    Viewing the Urinary TractFigures
    Kidney's Blood SupplyFigures

  • large intestine

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Large Intestine

  • ligaments

  • Ligaments

  • liver

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Liver
    View of the Liver and GallbladderFigures
    Liver

  • lung

  • Inside the Lungs and AirwaysFigures

  • lymphatic system

  • Lymphatic System: Helping Defend Against InfectionFigures

  • mouth

  • Biology of the Mouth
    A View of the MouthFigures

  • muscles

  • Muscles
    Musculoskeletal SystemFigures

  • nerve roots

  • How the Spine Is OrganizedFigures

  • nervous system

  • Biology of the Nervous System
    Viewing the BrainFigures
    How the Spine Is OrganizedFigures
    Typical Structure of a Nerve CellFigures

  • nose and sinuses

  • Nose and Sinuses
    A Look Inside the Nose and ThroatFigures
    Locating the SinusesFigures

  • optic nerve

  • Optic Nerve Disorders
    Visual Pathways and the Consequences of DamageFigures

  • pancreas

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Pancreas
    Pancreatitis
    Locating the PancreasFigures
    View of the Liver and GallbladderFigures

  • pituitary gland

  • Pituitary Gland Disorders
    Pituitary: The Master GlandFigures

  • pleura

  • Pleural and Mediastinal Disorders
    Two Views of the PleuraFigures

  • rectum

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Rectum and Anus
    Anal and Rectal Disorders

  • reproductive system

  • female

  • Female External Genital Organs
    External Female Genital OrgansFigures
    Internal Female Genital OrgansFigures

  • male

  • Biology of the Male Reproductive System
    Male Reproductive OrgansFigures

  • retina

  • Retinal Disorders
    Viewing the Retina Figures

  • salivary glands

  • Locating the Major Salivary GlandsFigures

  • skin

  • Biology of the Skin
    Getting Under the SkinFigures

  • small intestine

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Small Intestine

  • spinal cord

  • Spinal Cord
    How the Spine Is OrganizedFigures

  • spleen

  • Spleen Disorders
    Viewing the SpleenFigures

  • stomach

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Stomach

  • temporomandibular joint

  • Temporomandibular Disorders
    Locating the Temporomandibular JointFigures

  • tendons

  • Tendons and Bursae

  • throat

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Throat and Esophagus
    Throat and Esophagus
    A Look Inside the Nose and ThroatFigures
    Throat

  • thyroid gland

  • Thyroid Gland Disorders
    Locating the Thyroid GlandFigures

  • tonsils

  • Locating the Tonsils and AdenoidsFigures

  • tooth

  • Biology of the Mouth

  • ureter

  • Viewing the Urinary TractFigures
    Ureters

  • urethra

  • Viewing the Urinary TractFigures
    Urethra

  • urinary tract

  • Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract
    Viewing the Urinary TractFigures

    Ancylostoma duodenale infection (hookworm)

    Hookworm Infection
    Life Cycle of the HookwormFigures

    Ancylostomiasis

    Hookworm Infection
    Life Cycle of the HookwormFigures

    Andersen's disease

    Types and Characteristics of Glycogen Storage DiseasesTables

    Androgens

  • deficiency of, in children

  • Genital Defects: Male Genital Defects

  • excess of

  • Virilization

  • in female

  • Biology of the Female Reproductive System

  • in hair growth

  • Hair Disorders

  • in hirsutism

  • Hairiness: Causes
    Some Causes and Features of HirsutismTables

    Anemia(s)

    Components of Blood: Red Blood Cells
    Symptoms and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders
    Anemia

  • angina in

  • Angina: Causes

  • aplastic

  • Aplastic Anemia: When the Bone Marrow Shuts DownSidebar

  • autoimmune

  • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
    Some Autoimmune DisordersTables

  • with cancer treatment

  • Chemotherapy: Low Blood Cell Counts

  • causes of

  • Anemia: Causes
    Common Causes of AnemiaTables
    More About Some Causes of AnemiaTables

  • in chronic disease

  • Anemia: Causes
    Common Causes of AnemiaTables
    Anemia of Chronic Disease

  • in decreased red blood cell production

  • Anemia: Causes
    Common Causes of AnemiaTables
    Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • drug-related

  • Some Serious Adverse Drug ReactionsTables

  • in excessive bleeding

  • Common Causes of AnemiaTables
    Anemia Due to Excessive Bleeding

  • fainting with

  • Fainting: What the doctor doesTables

  • fatigue in

  • Fatigue: What the doctor doesTables

  • in fetus

  • Rh Incompatibility

  • in folic acid deficiency

  • Folate: Symptoms
    Vitamin Deficiency Anemia

  • in gastritis

  • Gastritis: Symptoms and Complications

  • heart failure with

  • Heart Failure: Systolic Dysfunction

  • in hemoglobin abnormalities

  • Sickle Cell Disease

  • hemolytic

  • Anemia: Causes
    Common Causes of AnemiaTables
    More About Some Causes of AnemiaTables

  • autoimmune

  • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
    Some Autoimmune DisordersTables

  • in HIV infection

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children: Symptoms

  • in Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Symptoms of Hodgkin LymphomaTables

  • in hookworm infection

  • Hookworm Infection: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in increased red blood cell destruction

  • Common Causes of AnemiaTables
    More About Some Causes of AnemiaTables
    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

  • in increased red blood cell production

  • Anemia: Causes

  • iron deficiency

  • Obstruction of the Esophagus: Esophageal Webs
    Iron: Iron Deficiency
    Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • itching with

  • Itching: What the doctor doesTables

  • in kidney failure

  • Chronic Kidney Failure: Treatment

  • in leukemia

  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Treatment

  • in macroglobulinemia

  • Macroglobulinemia: Symptoms and Complications

  • in multiple myeloma

  • Multiple Myeloma: Treatment and Prognosis

  • in myelofibrosis

  • Myelofibrosis: Symptoms, Complications, and Diagnosis

  • in newborn

  • Anemia in the Newborn
    What Is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?Sidebar

  • in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Symptoms
    Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin LymphomaTables

  • in older people

  • Spotlight on AgingSidebar

  • oral discoloration with

  • Color Changes in the MouthSidebar
    Tongue Disorders: Discoloration

  • in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

  • More About Some Causes of AnemiaTables

  • pernicious

  • Some Autoimmune DisordersTables

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes During Pregnancy: Heart and Blood Flow
    Self-Care During Pregnancy: Drugs and Dietary Supplements
    Anemia During Pregnancy

  • radiation injury and

  • Radiation Injury: Acute Radiation Illness

  • shortnessofbreathand

  • Some Causes and Features of Shortness of BreathTables

  • shortness of breath in

  • Shortness of Breath: Anemia

  • in sickle cell disease

  • Sickle Cell Disease
    Red Blood Cell ShapesFigures

  • spleen enlargement and

  • More About Some Causes of AnemiaTables

  • in stomach cancer

  • Stomach Cancer: Symptoms

  • in thalassemia

  • Thalassemias

  • in vitamin B12 deficiency

  • Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    Vitamin Deficiency Anemia

    Anencephaly

    Genetic Disorders Detection: Neural Tube Defects
    Brain and Spinal Cord Defects: Neural Tube Defects

    Anesthesia

    Drug Administration: Inhalation
    Surgery: Anesthesia

  • muscle sensitivity to

  • Genetic Makeup and Response to Drugs

    Anesthetics

  • in labor and delivery

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy: Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery
    Labor: Pain Relief

  • local

  • Treatment of Pain: Anesthetics

  • for mouth sores

  • Mouth Sores and Inflammation: Topical treatments
    Mouth Sores: Treatment

  • topical

  • Treatment of Pain: Anesthetics

    Aneurysm

  • aortic

  • Aneurysms
    Where Do Aortic Aneurysms Occur?Figures

  • in Marfan syndrome

  • Marfan Syndrome

  • screening for

  • Selected Screening Schedule for Adults*,†Tables

  • in syphilis

  • Syphilis: Tertiary (Third) Stage

  • cerebral artery

  • Aneurysms: Aneurysms in Other Arteries

  • coma with

  • Some Causes of Stupor and ComaTables

  • rupture of

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke: Causes

  • treatment of

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke: Treatment

  • coronary artery, in Kawasaki disease

  • Kawasaki Disease: Symptoms

  • dissecting

  • Aortic Dissection
    Understanding Aortic DissectionFigures

  • femoral artery

  • Aneurysms: Aneurysms in Other Arteries

  • of heart

  • Complications of a Heart AttackSidebar

  • popliteal artery

  • Aneurysms: Aneurysms in Other Arteries

    Aneurysmal bone cyst

    Other Bone Abnormalities: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

    Angel dust (phencyclidine)

    Phencyclidine

    Angiitis

  • eosinophilic granulomatosis and

  • Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

    Angina

    Understanding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)Figures
    Coronary Artery Bypass GraftingFigures
    Angina
    Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • Ludwig

  • Submandibular Space Infection

  • Ludwig's

  • Toothache: Complications

  • sexual activity and

  • Sexual Activity and Heart DiseaseSidebar

  • shortness of breath and

  • Some Causes and Features of Shortness of BreathTables

  • travel and

  • Specific Medical Conditions and Travel: Heart Disease

    Angina decubitus

    Angina: Classification

    Angioedema

    Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Symptoms
    Angioedema

  • acquired

  • Hereditary and Acquired Angioedema

  • drug-related

  • Some Serious Adverse Drug ReactionsTables

  • hereditary

  • Lip and Tongue Disorders: Swelling
    Hereditary and Acquired Angioedema

  • swelling (edema) and

  • Swelling: What the doctor doesTables

    Angiofibroma

    Juvenile Angiofibroma

    Angiography (arteriography)

    Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography: Cardiac catheterization
    Angiography
    Common Types of AngiographyTables
    Diagnostic ProceduresTables

  • cerebral (brain)

  • How Imaging Tests Help in Diagnosing Nervous System DisordersTables
    Ischemic Stroke: Diagnosis
    Hemorrhagic Stroke: Diagnosis
    Common Types of AngiographyTables

  • computed tomography

  • Other Tests for Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders: Computed Tomography
    Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Diagnosis
    How Imaging Tests Help in Diagnosing Nervous System DisordersTables
    Computed Tomography: CT Angiography

  • coronary (heart)

  • Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography: Coronary angiography ()
    Angina: Diagnosis
    Common Types of AngiographyTables

  • digital substraction

  • Other Tests for Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders: Angiography of Peripheral Blood Vessels

  • digital subtraction

  • Angiography: Digital Subtraction Angiography

  • Fluorescein

  • Common Types of AngiographyTables

  • intestinal

  • Small-Intestine Cancer: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • magnetic resonance

  • Other Tests for Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

  • peripheral artery

  • Other Tests for Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders: Angiography of Peripheral Blood Vessels
    Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis
    Common Types of AngiographyTables

  • pulmonary (lung)

  • Tests for Lung Disorders: Chest Imaging
    Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Diagnosis
    Common Types of AngiographyTables

  • renal (kidney)

  • Blockage of the Renal Arteries: Diagnosis

  • retinal (eye)

  • Tests for Eye Disorders: Fluorescein Angiography
    Blockage of Central Retinal Veins and Branches: Diagnosis
    Blockage of Central Retinal Arteries and Branches: Diagnosis

  • selective

  • Other Tests for Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders: Angiography of Peripheral Blood Vessels

    Angioma

    Growths and Malformations of the Vessels
    Using Lasers to Treat Skin ProblemsSidebar

  • spider

  • Growths and Malformations of the Vessels: Spider Angiomas

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes During Pregnancy: Skin

  • in Sturge-Weber syndrome

  • Sturge-Weber Syndrome

  • in Von Hippel-Lindau disease

  • Von Hippel–Lindau Disease

    Angioplasty

    Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography: Cardiac catheterization

  • of carotid artery

  • Transient Ischemic Attacks: Treatment

  • of coronary arteries

  • Coronary Artery Disease: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
    Understanding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)Figures

  • in infants

  • Heart Defects: Treatment

  • of hepatic veins

  • Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Treatment

  • of peripheral arteries

  • Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Treatment

  • of renal artery

  • Blockage of the Renal Arteries: Treatment

    Angiosarcoma

    Primary Liver Cancers: Other Primary Liver Cancers

    Angiotensin

    Major HormonesTables

    Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

  • after heart attack

  • Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina): Prevention
    Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina): Drug treatment

  • in coronary artery disease

  • Angina: Drug Therapy
    Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • cough and

  • Some Causes and Features of CoughTables

  • fetal effects of

  • High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy: Treatment

  • in heart failure

  • Heart Failure: Drugs for Heart Failure
    Some Drugs Used to Treat Heart FailureTables

  • in high blood pressure

  • High Blood Pressure: Drug therapy
    Antihypertensive DrugsTables

  • oligohydramnios with

  • Problems With Amniotic Fluid

  • during pregnancy

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy
    Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During Pregnancy*Tables

    Angiotensin II

    High Blood Pressure: The Body's Control of Blood Pressure
    Regulating Blood Pressure: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone SystemFigures

    Angiotensin II blockers

  • in heart failure

  • Heart Failure: Drugs for Heart Failure

    Angiotensin II receptor blockers

    Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • in heart failure

  • Some Drugs Used to Treat Heart FailureTables

  • in high blood pressure

  • High Blood Pressure: Drug therapy
    Antihypertensive DrugsTables

    Angular cheilitis

    Lip and Tongue Disorders: Inflammation

    Anhedonia

    Schizophrenia: Categories

    Anidulafungin

    Drugs for Serious Fungal InfectionsTables

    Animal bites

    Animal Bites

    Anisocoria

    Pupils, Unequal
    Some Causes and Features of Unequal PupilsTables

    Anisometropia

    Refractive Disorders: Causes

    Ankle

  • fracture of

  • Foot and Ankle Fractures: Ankle Fractures

  • sprain of

  • Lower Leg Injuries: Ankle Sprain
    Spraining an AnkleFigures

  • swelling (edema) of

  • see also Swelling
    Heart Failure: Symptoms

    Ankylosing spondylitis

    Pain in More Than One Joint: What the doctor doesTables
    Other Types of Inflammatory Arthritis: Ankylosing Spondylitis

  • information resources on


  • Ankylosis

  • of temporomandibular joint

  • Temporomandibular Disorders : Ankylosis

    Ankylosis, of temporomandibular joint

    Temporomandibular Disorders : Ankylosis

    Anomia

    Specific Types of Brain Dysfunction: Aphasia
    Testing a Person With AphasiaSidebar

    Anonychia

    Deformities and Discoloration of the Nails: Birth Deformities

    Anorchia

    Other Birth DefectsTables

    Anorexia nervosa

    Anorexia Nervosa
    Recognizing AnorexiaSidebar
    Loss of Appetite
    Involuntary Weight Loss: What the doctor doesTables

    Anoscopy

    Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders: Endoscopy
    Viewing the Digestive Tract With an EndoscopeFigures
    Anal and Rectal Disorders

    Anosmia

    Overview of Smell and Taste Disorders
    Loss of Smell
    Loss of Smell: What the doctor doesTables

    Anqina

  • Ludwig's

  • Mouth Sores: Infection

    Antacids

  • in elderly persons

  • Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs: Older People

  • in flatulence

  • Gas: Drug treatment

  • in gastritis

  • Gastritis: Treatment

  • in gastroesophageal reflux

  • Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD): Prevention and Treatment

  • in peptic ulcer

  • Peptic Ulcer: Antacids
    Drugs Used to Treat Peptic DisordersTables

  • vitamin deficiencies and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Antagonists, drugs as

    Site Selectivity: Agonists and Antagonists
    Targets in The Body: Cell ReceptorsTables

    Anterior chamber, of eye

    An Inside Look at the EyeFigures
    Biology of the Eyes

  • bleeding into

  • Blunt Injuries to the Eye: Hyphema

  • paracentesis of

  • Blockage of Central Retinal Arteries and Branches: Treatment

    Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

    Ligaments of the knee.Figures

  • injury to

  • Knee Injuries: Knee Sprains and Meniscal Injuries

    Anthrax

    Biological Warfare and Terrorism startSidebar
    Anthrax

  • immunization for

  • Protecting Adults Through VaccinesTables
    Anthrax: Prevention and Treatment

    Antiallergy drugs

    see also Antihistamines

    Antianxiety drugs

    Treatment of Mental Illness: Drug Therapy
    Drugs Used to Treat Anxiety DisordersTables
    Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Treatment

  • abuse of

  • Antianxiety and Sedative Drugs
    Classifying the Abuse Potential of Prescription DrugsSidebar

  • during breastfeeding

  • Taking Drugs While BreastfeedingSidebar

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During Pregnancy*Tables

  • withdrawal from

  • Antianxiety and Sedative Drugs: Withdrawal Symptoms

    Antiarrhythmic drugs

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Treatment
    Abnormal Heart Rhythms: Drugs
    Some Drugs Used to Treat ArrhythmiasTables

    Antiasthmatic drugs

    Asthma: Prevention and Treatment
    How to Use a Metered-Dose InhalerFigures
    Drugs Used to Treat AsthmaTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be AppropriateTables

  • during pregnancy

  • Asthma During Pregnancy

    Antibiotics

    see also specific antibiotics and diseases
    Antibiotics
    AntibioticsTables

  • in acne

  • Drugs Used to Treat AcneTables

  • administration of

  • Antibiotics: Taking Antibiotics

  • bacterial resistance to

  • Tolerance and Resistance to Drugs
    Antibiotics: Antibiotic Resistance

  • bacterial resistance to

  • Bacterial Infections: Antibiotic Resistance

  • in bladder infection

  • Bladder Infection (Cystitis): Prevention
    Preventing Bladder Infections in WomenSidebar

  • in cellulitis

  • Cellulitis: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • colitis with

  • Microorganisms That Cause GastroenteritisTables
    Clostridium difficile-Induced Colitis
    Antibiotics: Side Effects and Allergic Reactions

  • combinations of

  • Antibiotics: Selecting an Antibiotic

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics

  • in ear infection

  • Middle Ear Infections in Young Children: Treatment

  • in endocarditis

  • Infective Endocarditis: Prognosis
    Infective Endocarditis: Treatment

  • in gastroenteritis

  • Gastroenteritis: Treatment

  • in immunodeficiency disorders

  • Immunodeficiency Disorders: Prevention and Treatment

  • intravenous administration of

  • Antibiotics: Home Antibiotic Therapy

  • in kidney infection

  • Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis): Prevention and Treatment

  • liver damage with

  • Effects of Drugs on the Liver: ClassificationTables

  • in older people

  • Spotlight on AgingSidebar

  • in peptic ulcer

  • Drugs Used to Treat Peptic DisordersTables

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During Pregnancy*Tables

  • preventive use of

  • Prevention of Infection
    Antibiotics: Taking Antibiotics

  • before surgery

  • Infective Endocarditis: Prevention
    Which Procedures Require Preventive Antibiotics?*Tables

  • selection of

  • Antibiotics: Selecting an Antibiotic
    AntibioticsTables

  • side effects of

  • Antibiotics: Side Effects and Allergic Reactions

  • in splenic disorders

  • Spleen Disorders and Immunodeficiency

  • susceptibility testing for

  • Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: Culture and Susceptibility Testing

  • topical

  • Treatment of Skin Disorders: Anti-Infective Agents

  • vitamin deficiencies and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Antibodies

    see also Immunoglobulin(s)
    Understanding the Immune SystemSidebar
    Biology of the Immune System: Molecules
    Acquired Immunity: Antibodies
    Basic Y Structure of AntibodiesFigures
    Defenses Against Infection: Immune Response

  • ABO

  • What Is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?Sidebar

  • anti-citrullinated peptide

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Blood Tests

  • antinuclear

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Diagnosis
    Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Diagnosis
    Blood Tests*Tables

  • autoimmune

  • see Autoimmune disorders

  • to clotting factors

  • Bleeding and Clotting Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • deficiency of

  • in common variable immunodeficiency

  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency

  • in infant

  • Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy

  • in premature infant

  • Prematurity: Underdeveloped Immune System

  • in severe combined immunodeficiency

  • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

  • in X-linked agammaglobulinemia

  • X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

  • detection of

  • Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: Tests That Detect Antibodies to Microorganisms

  • in infants

  • Effects of Aging on the Immune System: Newborns

  • in Lyme disease

  • Lyme Disease: Diagnosis

  • mitochondrial

  • Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Diagnosis

  • monoclonal

  • Plasma Cell Disorders

  • in cancer treatment

  • Chemotherapy DrugsTables
    Immunotherapy for Cancer

  • in transplantation

  • Drugs Used to Prevent Transplant RejectionTables

  • in organ transplantation

  • Transplantation: Tissue Matching

  • Rh

  • Abortion: Complications
    Prenatal Diagnostic Testing: Chorionic Villus Sampling
    Medical Care During Pregnancy: First Examination
    Postdelivery Period: Vaccines and Immune Globulin
    Rh Incompatibility
    What Is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?Sidebar

  • in rheumatoid arthritis

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Blood Tests

  • ribonucleoprotein

  • Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Diagnosis

  • to self

  • see Autoimmune disorders

  • transfusion of

  • Blood Products: Antibodies

    Anticancer drugs

    see Chemotherapy

    Anticholinergic drugs

  • in asthma

  • Asthma: Drugs With Anticholinergic Effects
    Drugs Used to Treat AsthmaTables

  • in COPD

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Treatment of Symptoms

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Antidiarrheal Drugs

  • in elderly persons

  • Aging and Drugs: Benefits and Risks
    Anticholinergic: What Does It Mean?Sidebar

  • in lymphocytic colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • in Parkinson's disease

  • Parkinson's Disease: Other Drugs
    Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson's DiseaseTables

  • in ulcerative colitis

  • Ulcerative Colitis: Antidiarrheal Drugs

  • urinary incontinence with

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause IncontinenceTables

    Anticlotting drugs

    see Anticoagulants

    Anticoagulants

    Drugs and Blood Clots: A Complicated RelationshipSidebar

  • after surgery

  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Anticoagulation

  • in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

  • Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter: Restoring the rhythm
    Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter: Preventing blood clots

  • in coronary artery disease

  • Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • in deep vein thrombosis prevention

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Prevention

  • dental procedures and

  • Complications After Dental Treatment: Bleeding

  • food interactions with

  • Some Drug-Food InteractionsTables

  • in heart failure

  • Heart Failure: Drugs for Heart Failure
    Some Drugs Used to Treat Heart FailureTables

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During Pregnancy*Tables

  • in pulmonary embolism

  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Anticoagulation

  • in pulmonary embolism prevention

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Treatment

  • in renal artery thrombosis

  • Blockage of the Renal Arteries: Treatment

  • in renal vein thrombosis

  • Renal Vein Thrombosis: Treatment

  • in stroke

  • Ischemic Stroke: Antiplatelet Drugs and Anticoagulants

  • in thrombophilia

  • Thrombophilia: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • vitamin deficiencies and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Anticonvulsants

    Seizure Disorders: Anticonvulsants
    Drugs Used to Treat SeizuresTables

  • in children

  • Using Drugs to Treat Seizures in ChildrenSidebar

  • folic acid deficiency with

  • Folate: Folate Deficiency

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be AppropriateTables

  • liver damage with

  • Effects of Drugs on the Liver: ClassificationTables

  • in manic-depressive illness

  • Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness): Anticonvulsants

  • in migraine

  • Drugs Used to Treat MigrainesTables

  • for pain

  • Treatment of Pain: Anticonvulsants

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During Pregnancy*Tables
    Seizure Disorders During Pregnancy

  • vitamin deficiences and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Antidepressants

    Treatment of Mental Illness: Drug Therapy
    Depression: Drug Therapy
    Drugs Used to Treat DepressionTables

  • after menopause

  • Menopause: Other drugs
    Some Drugs Used to Treat Symptoms and Effects of MenopauseTables

  • in anxiety disorders

  • Drugs Used to Treat Anxiety DisordersTables
    Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Treatment

  • during breastfeeding

  • Taking Drugs While BreastfeedingSidebar

  • in children

  • Depression in Children: Treatment

  • drug interactions with

  • Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs: Drug-Drug Interactions

  • in dying person

  • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness: Pain

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • food interactions with

  • Some Drug-Food InteractionsTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be AppropriateTables

  • in irritable bowel syndrome

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Treatment

  • liver damage with

  • Effects of Drugs on the Liver: ClassificationTables

  • in manic-depressive illness

  • Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness): Antidepressants

  • for obsessive-compulsive disorder

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Treatment

  • for pain

  • Treatment of Pain: Antidepressants

  • in panic attacks and panic disorder

  • Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder: Drugs

  • in posttraumatic stress disorder

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Treatment

  • during pregnancy

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy

  • in premenstrual syndrome

  • Premenstrual Syndrome: Treatment

  • in sleep disorders

  • Prescription Sleep Aids: Not to Be Taken LightlySidebar

  • in social phobia

  • Phobic Disorders: Treatment

  • suicide risk and

  • Suicidal Behavior: Antidepressants and the risk of suicide
    Depression in Children: Antidepressant Drugs and Suicide

    Antidiabetic drugs

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs
    Oral Antihyperglycemic DrugsTables

  • in children

  • Diabetes Mellitus in Children(DM): Treatment

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be AppropriateTables

  • in pancreatitis

  • Chronic Pancreatitis: Treatment

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During Pregnancy*Tables

    Antidiarrheal drugs

    Diarrhea in Adults: Drugs

  • in children

  • Gastroenteritis in Children: Treatment

  • in collagenous colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Antidiarrheal Drugs

  • in irritable bowel syndrome

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Treatment

  • in lymphocytic colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • in ulcerative colitis

  • Ulcerative Colitis: Antidiarrheal Drugs

    Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

    Kidneys: Water and electrolyte balance
    Major HormonesTables
    Pituitary: The Master GlandFigures
    Pituitary Gland Disorders
    Adrenal Gland Disorders

  • in blood volume regulation

  • Sodium: Controlling Blood Volume

  • in diabetes insipidus

  • Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
    Central Diabetes Insipidus

  • inappropriate secretion of

  • Sodium: Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
    What Causes SIADH?Tables

  • in water balance

  • A Careful Balancing ActSidebar

    Antidotes

  • in poisoning

  • Poisoning: Antidotes
    Poisoning: AntidotesTables

  • for radioactive materials

  • Radiation Injury: Treatment

    Antiemetic drugs

  • in migraine

  • Drugs Used to Treat MigrainesTables

  • in pregnancy

  • Nausea and Vomiting During Early Pregnancy: Treatment

    Antiemetic drugs, in elderly persons

    Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

    Antifungal drugs

    Fungal Infections
    Drugs for Serious Fungal InfectionsTables

  • topical

  • Treatment of Skin Disorders: Anti-Infective Agents
    Topical Antifungal DrugsSidebar

  • for vaginal yeast infections

  • Vaginal Yeast Infection (Candidiasis): Treatment
    Drugs Used to Treat Vaginal Yeast InfectionsTables

    Antigens

    Biology of the Immune System
    Understanding the Immune SystemSidebar
    Biology of the Immune System: RecognitionFigures
    Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders

  • B lymphocyte interaction with

  • Acquired Immunity: B cells

  • tumor

  • Defenses Against Cancer: Tumor Antigens

    Antiglobulin test (Coombs test)

    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Diagnosis

    Antihistamines

    Recognizing AntihistaminesSidebar
    Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Antihistamines
    Some AntihistaminesTables
    Some Drugs Used to Treat Allergies: Available FormsTables

  • in allergic rhinitis

  • Seasonal Allergies: Nasal symptoms
    Seasonal Allergies: Nasal symptoms
    Rhinitis: Allergic rhinitis

  • in common cold

  • Common Cold: Treatment
    Nonprescription Cold RemediesTables
    Rhinitis: Acute viral rhinitis

  • in cough remedies

  • Cough: Other drugs

  • in elderly persons

  • Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs: Older People
    Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • in food allergy

  • Food Allergy: Treatment

  • in hives

  • Hives: Drugs

  • in itching

  • Treatment of Skin Disorders: Anti-Itch Agents
    Itching: Systemic treatments

  • in older persons

  • Nasal Congestion and Discharge: Essentials for Older People

  • in pregnancy

  • Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Treatment

    Antihyperglycemic drugs, oral

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs
    Oral Antihyperglycemic DrugsTables

    Antihypertensive drugs

    High Blood Pressure: Drug therapy
    Antihypertensive DrugsTables

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • erectile dysfunction and

  • Erectile Dysfunction (ED): What the doctor doesTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be AppropriateTables

  • liver damage with

  • Effects of Drugs on the Liver: ClassificationTables

  • postprandial hypotension and

  • Postprandial Hypotension

  • during pregnancy

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy
    Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During Pregnancy*Tables
    High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy: Treatment

    Anti-infective agents

    see also Antibiotics
    Treatment of Skin Disorders: Anti-Infective Agents

    Anti-inflammatory drugs

  • in collagenous colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
    Drugs That Reduce Bowel InflammationTables

  • in lymphocytic colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • nonsteroidal

  • see Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

  • in proctitis

  • Proctitis: Treatment

  • steroidal

  • see Corticosteroids

  • topical

  • Treatment of Skin Disorders: Anti-Inflammatory Agents

  • in ulcerative colitis

  • Ulcerative Colitis: Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
    Drugs That Reduce Bowel InflammationTables

    Antilymphocyte globulin

    Drugs Used to Prevent Transplant RejectionTables

    Antimetabolites

    Chemotherapy DrugsTables

    Antimitotics

    Chemotherapy DrugsTables

    Antioxidant

    Vitamins and Minerals

  • cancer risk and

  • Diet and Cancer: Antioxidants

  • selenium as

  • Selenium

  • vitamin C as

  • Vitamin C

  • vitamin E as

  • Vitamin E

    Antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) syndrome

    Thrombophilia: Causes

    Antiplatelet drugs

  • in coronary artery disease

  • Angina: Drug Therapy
    Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • in peripheral arterial disease

  • Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Arteries of the Legs and Arms

  • in stroke prevention

  • Stroke (CVA): Prevention

  • in stroke treatment

  • Ischemic Stroke: Antiplatelet Drugs and Anticoagulants

    Antipsychotic drugs

    Treatment of Mental Illness: Drug Therapy
    Antipsychotic Drugs: How Do They Work?Sidebar

  • in autism

  • Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prognosis and Treatment

  • during breastfeeding

  • Taking Drugs While BreastfeedingSidebar

  • in childhood schizophrenia

  • Childhood Schizophrenia: Treatment

  • in dementia

  • Dementia: Drugs to Control Behavior

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be AppropriateTables

  • in manic-depressive illness

  • Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness): Antipsychotics

  • in older persons

  • Dementia: Drugs to Control Behavior

  • in schizophrenia

  • Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs
    Antipsychotic DrugsTables
    Antipsychotic Drugs: How Do They Work?Sidebar

  • side effects of

  • What Is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?Sidebar
    Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

  • swallowing problems with

  • Abnormal Propulsion of Food: Propulsion Disorders of the Throat

  • in Tourette's syndrome

  • Tics: Severe Symptoms

    Antipsychotics

  • in anorexia nervosa

  • Anorexia Nervosa: Treatment

  • vitamin deficiencies and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Antipyretic drugs

    Fever in Adults: Treatment

  • in common cold

  • Nonprescription Cold RemediesTables

    Antiretroviral drugs

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Infection: Antiretroviral Drugs

    Antiseizure drugs

    see Anticonvulsants

    Antisense technology

    Gene Therapy

    Antiseptics

    Treatment of Skin Disorders: Anti-Infective Agents

    Antisocial personality

    Personality Disorders: Antisocial personality disorder

    Antispasmodic drugs

    Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • in irritable bowel syndrome

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Treatment

    Antithrombin deficiency

    Thrombophilia: Causes

    Antithymocyte globulin

    Drugs Used to Prevent Transplant RejectionTables

    Antitussive drugs

    Cough: Cough suppressants

    Antivenom

  • serum sickness with

  • What Is Serum Sickness?Sidebar

  • for snake bite

  • Snake Bites: Treatment

  • for spider bite

  • Spider Bites: Treatment

    Antiviral drugs

    Viral Infections: Treatment
    Antiviral DrugsTables

  • in chickenpox

  • Chickenpox: Treatment

  • in hepatitis

  • Chronic Hepatitis: Hepatitis B and C

  • in herpes simplex virus infection

  • Herpes Simplex Virus Infections: Antiviral Drugs
    Herpes Simplex Keratitis

  • in herpes zoster ophthalmicus

  • Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

  • in immunodeficiency disorders

  • Immunodeficiency Disorders: Prevention and Treatment

  • in influenza

  • Influenza: Prevention
    Influenza: Treatment

  • in Parkinson's disease

  • Parkinson's Disease: Other Drugs
    Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson's DiseaseTables

  • in shingles

  • Shingles: Prevention and Treatment

    Ant stings

    Bee, Wasp, Hornet, and Ant Stings

    Anuria

    Acute Kidney Failure: Symptoms

    Anus

    Digestive SystemFigures
    Rectum and Anus
    External Female Genital OrgansFigures

  • abscess of

  • Anorectal Abscess

  • atresia of

  • Some Physical Causes and Features of Constipation in Infants and ChildrenTables

  • biology of

  • Rectum and Anus
    Anal and Rectal Disorders

  • birth defects of

  • Some Physical Causes and Features of Constipation in Infants and ChildrenTables

  • cancer of

  • Anal Cancer

  • examination of

  • Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders: Medical History and Physical Examination

  • exercises for

  • Fecal Incontinence: Treatment

  • fissure of

  • Anal Fissure

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Complications

  • fistula of

  • Anorectal Fistula

  • foreign objects in

  • Foreign Objects in the Rectum

  • hemorrhoids of

  • Hemorrhoids
    Banding a HemorrhoidFigures

  • imperforate

  • Some Physical Causes and Features of Constipation in Infants and ChildrenTables

  • itching around

  • Anal Itching
    Causes and Features of Anal ItchingTables
    Dermatitis: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • lichen sclerosus of

  • Lichen Sclerosus

  • in newborn

  • Physical Examination of the Newborn

  • rectal prolapse in

  • Rectal Prolapse

  • stensosis of

  • Some Physical Causes and Features of Constipation in Infants and ChildrenTables

    Anvil (incus)

    A Look Inside the EarFigures
    Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat: Middle Ear

    Anxiety

    Anxiety Disorders
    Drugs Used to Treat Anxiety DisordersTables

  • in adolescents

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children

  • alkalosis with

  • Alkalosis

  • in children

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children

  • depression and

  • Anxiety Disorders: Symptoms

  • drugs for

  • see Antianxiety drugs

  • in dying person

  • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness: Depression and Anxiety

  • dyspepsia and

  • Indigestion: Causes

  • generalized

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder

  • in children and adolescents

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

  • hyperventilation syndrome and

  • Shortness of Breath: Other causes
    Some Causes and Features of Shortness of BreathTables

  • medical disorders and

  • Anxiety Induced by Physical Disorders or Drugs

  • in panic attacks and panic disorder

  • Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder
    What Is Exposure Therapy?Sidebar

  • performance and

  • How Anxiety Affects PerformanceFigures

  • in phobic disorders

  • Phobic Disorders
    Some Common PhobiasTables

  • in posttraumatic stress disorder

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

  • separation, in children

  • Separation and Stranger Anxiety
    Social and Emotional Development
    Anxiety Disorders in Children: Separation Anxiety Disorder

  • social

  • Phobic Disorders: Social Phobia

  • in children and adolescents

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children: Social Phobia

  • during travel

  • Problems in Transit: Anxiety

    Anxiolytics

    see Antianxiety drugs

  • for children and adolescents

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children: Treatment

    Ankylosing spondylitis

    Some Causes and Features of Low Back PainTables

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