 |
|
Spanking
| |
Behavioral Problems Due to Parenting Problems
|
|
|
Spasm(s)
| |
|
|
|
anus
| |
Anal Fissure
|
|
|
artery
| |
Functional Peripheral Arterial Disease:
Acrocyanosis
|
|
|
in cerebral palsy
| |
Cerebral Palsy (CP): Symptoms
|
|
|
diaphragm (hiccups)
| |
Hiccups
Some Causes and Features of Persistent or Intractable Hiccups
|
|
|
esophagus
| |
Abnormal Propulsion of Food:
Esophageal Spasm
|
|
|
eyelid (blepharospasm)
| |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental Dystonias
|
|
|
face
| |
Hemifacial Spasm
|
|
|
hand
| |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental Dystonias
|
|
|
in heat cramps
| |
Heat Cramps
|
|
|
in Huntington's disease
| |
Huntington's Disease
|
|
|
infantile
| |
Neurologic Disorders in Children:
Infantile Spasms
|
|
|
intestine
| |
|
|
|
in diverticulosis
| |
Diverticulosis: Causes
|
|
|
in irritable bowel syndrome
| |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
|
|
|
muscle (tetany)
| |
Calcium: Symptoms
|
|
|
neck
| |
Neck Pain: What the doctor does
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental Dystonias
|
|
|
in neuroblastoma
| |
What Are Paraneoplastic Syndromes?
|
|
|
in rabies
| |
Rabies: Symptoms
|
|
|
rectal
| |
Levator Syndrome
|
|
|
ureteral
| |
Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis): Symptoms
|
|
|
vagina (vaginismus)
| |
Vaginismus
|
|
|
in vitamin D deficiency
| |
Vitamin D: Symptoms
|
|
|
vocal cord (spasmodic dysphonia)
| |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental Dystonias
|
|
|
Spasmodic dysphonia
| |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental Dystonias
|
|
|
Spasmodic torticollis
| |
Neck Pain: Less common causes
Neck Pain: Treatment
|
|
|
Spastic colon (irritable bowel syndrome)
| |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
|
|
|
Spastic paraparesis
| |
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy
|
|
|
hereditary
| |
Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis
|
|
|
tropical
| |
Other Primary Demyelinating Diseases:
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
|
|
|
Special K (ketamine)
| |
Ketamine
|
|
|
Specificity, of test
| |
Medical Testing Decisions:
Doing Tests and Interpreting Results
|
|
|
SPECT
| |
see Single photon emission computed tomography
|
|
|
Spectinomycin
| |
Antibiotics
|
|
|
Spectroscopy
| |
|
|
|
magnetic resonance
| |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging:
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
|
|
|
Speech
| |
|
|
|
in autism
| |
Autism Spectrum Disorders:
Language
|
|
|
in brain injury
| |
Specific Types of Brain Dysfunction:
Aphasia
Testing a Person With Aphasia
|
|
|
disorders of
| |
|
|
|
in children
| |
Communication Disorders in Children
|
|
|
rehabilitation for
| |
Rehabilitation for Specific Problems:
Speech Disorders
|
|
|
disorganized
| |
Personality and Behavior Changes
|
|
|
in dysarthria
| |
Coordination Disorders: Symptoms
|
|
|
without vocal cords
| |
Speech Without Vocal Cords
|
|
|
scanning
| |
Coordination Disorders: Symptoms
|
|
|
in schizophrenia
| |
Schizophrenia: Categories
|
|
|
in spasmodic dysphonia
| |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental Dystonias
|
|
|
in stroke
| |
Rehabilitation for Specific Problems:
Speech Disorders
Stroke (CVA): Symptoms
|
|
|
in Tourette's syndrome
| |
Tics: Symptoms
|
|
|
Speech reading
| |
Management of Hearing Loss: Other Means of Coping With Hearing Loss
|
|
|
Speech threshold audiometry
| |
Hearing Loss and Deafness:
Testing
|
|
|
Speed (methamphetamine)
| |
Amphetamines
|
|
|
Spells
| |
see Seizures
|
|
|
Sperm
| |
Biology of the Male Reproductive System
|
|
|
donor
| |
Problems With Sperm: Treatment
|
|
|
infertility-related problems with
| |
Problems With Sperm
What Causes Infertility in Men?
|
|
|
intracytoplasmic injection of
| |
Assisted Reproductive Techniques:
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
|
|
|
sac of (spermatocele)
| |
Scrotal Swelling: What the doctor does
|
|
|
Spermatocele
| |
Scrotal Swelling: What the doctor does
|
|
|
Spermicides
| |
Family Planning:
Spermicides
|
|
|
Sphenoid sinus
| |
Nose and Sinuses
A Look Inside the Nose and Throat
|
|
|
Spherocytosis
| |
|
|
|
hereditary
| |
Anemia in the Newborn
|
|
|
Spherocytosis, hereditary
| |
More About Some Causes of Anemia
|
|
|
Sphincter(s)
| |
|
|
|
anal
| |
Rectum and Anus
Anal and Rectal Disorders
|
|
|
exercises for
| |
Fecal Incontinence: Treatment
|
|
|
spasm of
| |
Anal Fissure
|
|
|
esophageal
| |
Throat and Esophagus
How the Esophagus Works
Esophageal Disorders
|
|
|
in achalasia
| |
Abnormal Propulsion of Food:
Achalasia
|
|
|
incoordination of
| |
Abnormal Propulsion of Food:
Propulsion Disorders of the Throat
|
|
|
Sphincter of Oddi
| |
Digestive System
View of the Liver and Gallbladder
Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
|
|
|
abnormal function of
| |
Cholecystitis: Pain After Surgery
|
|
|
Sphincterotomy, in gallstones
| |
Gallstones: Gallstones in the Bile Ducts
|
|
|
Sphingomyelin, accumulation of (Niemann-Pick disease)
| |
Disorders of Lipid Metabolism:
Niemann-Pick Disease
|
|
|
Sphygmomanometer
| |
Measuring Blood Pressure
|
|
|
Spider angioma
| |
Growths and Malformations of the Vessels:
Spider Angiomas
|
|
|
during pregnancy
| |
Physical Changes During Pregnancy:
Skin
|
|
|
Spider bites
| |
Spider Bites
|
|
|
Spider veins
| |
Spider Veins
|
|
|
in ataxia-telangiectasia
| |
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
|
|
|
radiation therapy and
| |
Radiation Injury: Local Radiation Injury
|
|
|
Spina bifida
| |
Birth Defects:
Nutrition
Brain and Spinal Cord Defects:
Neural Tube Defects
Spina Bifida: A Defect of the Spine
|
|
|
information resources on
| |
|
|
|
prenatal testing for
| |
Genetic Disorders Detection:
Neural Tube Defects
|
|
|
Spinal anesthesia, in labor and delivery
| |
Labor:
Pain Relief
|
|
|
Spinal column
| |
see Spine; Vertebrae
|
|
|
Spinal cord
| |
|
|
|
age-associated changes in
| |
Effects of Aging on the Nervous System: Spinal Cord
|
|
|
biology of
| |
Spinal Cord
How the Spine Is Organized
Spinal Cord Disorders
Spinal Cord Disorders
To and From and Up and Down the Spinal Cord
|
|
|
biopsy of
| |
Spinal Cord Tumors: Diagnosis
|
|
|
birth defects of
| |
Genetic Disorders Detection:
Neural Tube Defects
Brain and Spinal Cord Defects
Spina Bifida: A Defect of the Spine
|
|
|
blood flow to, interruption of
| |
Blockage of the Spinal Cord's Blood Supply
|
|
|
compression of
| |
Compression of the Spinal Cord
What Is the Cauda Equina Syndrome?
|
|
|
back pain and
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain: Types
A Herniated Disk
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
|
|
|
in cancer
| |
Some Complications of Cancer
|
|
|
in cervical spondylosis
| |
Cervical Spondylosis
|
|
|
in disk disease
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain: Types
Low Back and Neck Pain: Common causes
A Herniated Disk
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
|
|
|
muscle weakness and
| |
Some Causes and Features of Muscle Weakness
|
|
|
damage to
| |
see Spinal cord, injury to
|
|
|
degeneration of
| |
Subacute Combined Degeneration
|
|
|
demyelination of
| |
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders
|
|
|
infection of
| |
Brain Infections
Meningitis
Some Causes of Noninfectious Meningitis
|
|
|
human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I
| |
Other Primary Demyelinating Diseases:
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
|
|
|
rabies
| |
Rabies
Who Should Receive the Rabies Vaccine?
Who Should Receive the Rabies Vaccine?
|
|
|
inflammation of (transverse myelitis)
| |
Some Causes and Features of Muscle Weakness
Acute Transverse Myelitis
|
|
|
injury to
| |
Where Is the Spinal Cord Damaged?
Spinal Injuries
|
|
|
in decompression sickness
| |
Decompression Sickness: Type II (more severe)
|
|
|
information resources on
| |
|
|
|
in newborn
| |
Birth Injury:
Nerve Injury
|
|
|
radiation-related
| |
Radiation Injury: Local Radiation Injury
|
|
|
rehabilitation after
| |
Rehabilitation for Specific Problems:
Spinal Injuries
|
|
|
symptoms of
| |
Where Is the Spinal Cord Damaged?
Spinal Cord Disorders: Symptoms
|
|
|
urination problems following
| |
Urination, Excessive or Frequent: What the doctor does
|
|
|
lipoma of
| |
Brain and Spinal Cord Defects:
Neural Tube Defects
|
|
|
nerve degeneration in
| |
Spinal Muscular Atrophies
|
|
|
nerve roots of
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain
How the Spine Is Organized
Nerves: Cranial and Spinal Nerves
|
|
|
syphilis of
| |
Syphilis: Tertiary (Third) Stage
|
|
|
syrinx of
| |
Syrinx
|
|
|
tethered
| |
Some Physical Causes and Features of Constipation in Infants and Children
|
|
|
tumors of
| |
Spinal Cord Tumors
Tumors That Originate in or Near the Spinal Cord
|
|
|
viral infection of
| |
Viral Central Nervous System Infections in Children
|
|
|
in vitamin B12 deficiency
| |
Subacute Combined Degeneration
|
|
|
x-ray of
| |
Tests for Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders:
Myelography
|
|
|
Spinal fluid
| |
see Cerebrospinal fluid
|
|
|
Spinal muscular atrophy
| |
Spinal Muscular Atrophies
|
|
|
Spinal nerves
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain
Nerves: Cranial and Spinal Nerves
Spinal Cord Disorders
To and From and Up and Down the Spinal Cord
|
|
|
compression of
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain: Types
A Herniated Disk
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
|
|
|
degeneration of
| |
Spinal Muscular Atrophies
|
|
|
Spinal stenosis
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain: Common causes
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
|
|
|
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
| |
Tests for Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders:
Spinal Tap
How a Spinal Tap Is Done
Diagnostic Procedures
|
|
|
in bacterial meningitis
| |
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Tests
Meningitis in Children: Symptoms and Diagnosis
|
|
|
in brain tumor
| |
Brain Tumors: Diagnosis
Brain Tumors in Children: Diagnosis
|
|
|
in encephalitis
| |
Viral Central Nervous System Infections in Children: Diagnosis
|
|
|
headache after
| |
Low-Pressure Headache
|
|
|
in infants and young children
| |
Viral Central Nervous System Infections in Children: Diagnosis
|
|
|
in multiple sclerosis
| |
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Diagnosis
|
|
|
in newborn
| |
Sepsis in the Newborn: Symptoms and Diagnosis
|
|
|
in papilledema
| |
Papilledema: Diagnosis
|
|
|
in stroke
| |
Ischemic Stroke: Diagnosis
|
|
|
in tuberculous meningitis
| |
Tuberculosis and Leprosy: Diagnosis
|
|
|
in viral meningitis
| |
Viral Meningitis: Diagnosis
|
|
|
Spine
| |
see also Spinal cord
Low Back and Neck Pain
|
|
|
age-associated changes in
| |
Changes in the Body With Aging:
Bones and Joints
|
|
|
arthritis of
| |
Joint Disorders: Symptoms
|
|
|
biology of
| |
How the Spine Is Organized
|
|
|
curvature of
| |
Scoliosis
Scoliosis: A Curved Spine
|
|
|
in Scheuermann disease
| |
Kyphosis
Kyphosis: A Humpback
|
|
|
fracture of
| |
Osteoporosis: Symptoms
Osteoporosis: Treatment of fractures
Compression Fractures of the Spine
|
|
|
inflammation of (ankylosing spondylitis)
| |
Ankylosing Spondylitis
|
|
|
osteoarthritis of
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain: Common causes
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
Neck Pain: What the doctor does
|
|
|
osteoporosis of
| |
Osteoporosis: Symptoms
Low Back and Neck Pain: Common causes
|
|
|
stenosis of
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain: Common causes
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
|
|
|
Spirituality
| |
Acceptance of Death and Dying
|
|
|
aging and
| |
Aging and Staying Connected:
Spirituality and Religion
|
|
|
Spirochetes
| |
|
|
|
infection with
| |
see also Syphilis
Bejel, Yaws, and Pinta
Leptospirosis
Syphilis
|
|
|
Spirometry
| |
Tests for Lung Disorders:
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)
Tests for Lung Disorders: Lung Volume and Flow Rate Measurements
Using a Spirometer
Diagnostic Procedures
|
|
|
in COPD
| |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Diagnosis
|
|
|
incentive
| |
Chest Physical Therapy:
Breathing exercises
|
|
|
Spironolactone
| |
Hyperaldosteronism: Symptoms and Diagnosis
|
|
|
in polycystic ovary syndrome
| |
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Excess body hair
|
|
|
Spitting up (regurgitation)
| |
Regurgitation
Feeding Problems:
Spitting up
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
|
|
|
in infants
| |
Feeding of Newborns and Infants
|
|
|
Spleen
| |
Spleen Disorders
Viewing the Spleen
Lymphatic System: Helping Defend Against Infection
|
|
|
abscess of
| |
Abdominal Abscesses: Causes and Symptoms
|
|
|
absence of
| |
Spleen Disorders and Immunodeficiency
|
|
|
disorders of
| |
Spleen Disorders
|
|
|
enlargement of
| |
Enlarged Spleen
Causes of an Enlarged Spleen
|
|
|
anemia with
| |
More About Some Causes of Anemia
|
|
|
in Epstein-Barr virus infection
| |
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection: Symptoms and Complications
|
|
|
in myelofibrosis
| |
Myelofibrosis: Symptoms, Complications, and Diagnosis
|
|
|
in polycythemia
| |
Polycythemia Vera: Symptoms and Complications
|
|
|
in portal hypertension
| |
Portal Hypertension: Symptoms
|
|
|
in rheumatoid arthritis
| |
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Blood tests
|
|
|
in sickle cell disease
| |
Sickle Cell Disease: Complications
|
|
|
radiation effects on
| |
Radiation Injury: Acute Radiation Illness
|
|
|
removal of
| |
Spleen Disorders
Enlarged Spleen: Treatment
|
|
|
in autoimmune hemolytic anemia
| |
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Treatment
|
|
|
in immune thrombocytopenia
| |
Thrombocytopenia (ITP, TTP): Treatment
|
|
|
rupture of
| |
Spleen Injury
|
|
|
Splenectomy
| |
see Spleen, removal of
|
|
|
Splenic arteries
| |
Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Superior Mesenteric Artery
Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Hepatic and Splenic Arteries
Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Superior Mesenteric Artery
Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Hepatic and Splenic Arteries
|
|
|
Splenomegaly
| |
see Spleen, enlargement of
|
|
|
Splint
| |
Commonly Used Splints
Fractures:
Immobilization
|
|
|
in burn injury
| |
Burns: Deep Minor Burns
|
|
|
in temporomandibular joint disorders
| |
Temporomandibular Disorders :
Muscle pain and tightness
|
|
|
Spondylitis
| |
|
|
|
ankylosing
| |
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
|
|
|
Spondylitis, ankylosing
| |
Ankylosing Spondylitis
|
|
|
Spondyloarthritis
| |
Spondyloarthritis
|
|
|
Spondyloarthropathies
| |
Spondyloarthritis
|
|
|
Spondylolisthesis
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain: Common causes
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
|
|
|
Spondylosis
| |
|
|
|
cervical
| |
Neck Pain: Common causes
Neck Pain: What the doctor does
Neck Pain: What the doctor does
|
|
|
Spondylosis, cervical
| |
Cervical Spondylosis
|
|
|
Sponge, contraceptive
| |
How Effective Is Contraception?
Comparing Contraceptive Methods
Family Planning:
Contraceptive Sponge
|
|
|
Spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases)
| |
Prion Diseases
Of Sheep and Cows
|
|
|
SPONK (spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee)
| |
Osteonecrosis: Causes
|
|
|
Spontaneous pneumothorax
| |
Pneumothorax
|
|
|
Spore
| |
Fungal Infections
|
|
|
Sporotrichosis
| |
Sporotrichosis
|
|
|
Sports
| |
|
|
|
participation in
| |
|
|
|
screening for
| |
Starting an Exercise Program:
Screening for sports participation
Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes:
Screening
|
|
|
Sports injuries
| |
Sports Injuries
Children and Sports Injuries
|
|
|
Achilles tendinitis
| |
Lower Leg Injuries:
Achilles Tendinitis
|
|
|
foot fracture
| |
Lower Leg Injuries:
Stress Fractures of the Foot
What Is a Stress Fracture?
|
|
|
hamstring injury
| |
Hamstring Injury
Strengthening the Hamstrings
|
|
|
hernia
| |
Abdominal Wall Hernias:
Sports Hernia
|
|
|
rotator cuff tendinitis
| |
Shoulder Injuries:
Rotator Cuff Injury
|
|
|
runner's knee (patellofemoral stress syndrome)
| |
When the Front of the Knee Hurts
|
|
|
shin splints
| |
Lower Leg Injuries:
Shin Splints
Shin Splints
|
|
|
tennis elbow
| |
Elbow Injuries:
Lateral Epicondylitis
When the Elbow Hurts
Strengthening the Wrist Muscles
|
|
|
Spotted fever
| |
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
|
|
|
Sprain
| |
|
|
|
ankle
| |
Lower Leg Injuries:
Ankle Sprain
Spraining an Ankle
|
|
|
first aid for
| |
Soft-Tissue Injuries
Commonly Used Splints
|
|
|
knee
| |
Knee Injuries:
Knee Sprains and Meniscal Injuries
|
|
|
lumbar
| |
Low Back and Neck Pain: Common causes
Some Causes and Features of Low Back Pain
|
|
|
sports-related
| |
Sports Injuries: Sprains and Strains
|
|
|
washerwoman's (De Quervain syndrome)
| |
Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis:
De Quervain Syndrome
|
|
|
Sprains
| |
|
|
|
neck
| |
Neck Pain: What the doctor does
|
|
|
Spray and stretch exercise, in temporomandibular joint disorders
| |
Physical Therapy for Jaw Muscles
|
|
|
Spring-summer hypomania
| |
What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder?
|
|
|
Sprue
| |
|
|
|
gas-related complaints and
| |
Some Causes and Features of Gas-Related Complaints
|
|
|
nontropical (celiac disease)
| |
Mouth Sores and Inflammation: Systemic disorders
Mouth Sores: Inflammatory disorders
Celiac Disease
|
|
|
abdominal pain in
| |
Physical Causes and Features of Chronic Abdominal Pain
|
|
|
tropical
| |
Tropical Sprue
|
|
|
Spur, heel
| |
What Is a Heel Spur?
Plantar Fasciosis: Diagnosis
|
|
|
Sputum
| |
see Phlegm
|