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We gratefully acknowledge the expertise of the contributors to our current online version. The subject(s) that they are responsible for are listed after their affiliations.
Bola Adamolekun, MD Author
Director of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center
Seizure Disorders
Neil B. Alexander, MD Author
Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Michigan
Associate Professor for Research; Director, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center
Falls
Roy D. Altman, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of California, Los Angeles
Paget Disease of Bone; Joint Disorders
Mary Ann Anderson, PhD, RN Author
Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Quad Cities Regional Program
Provision of Care
Gerald L. Andriole, MD Author
Professor and Chief of Urologic Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine
Prostate Disorders
Parswa Ansari, MD Author
Assistant Program Director, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York
Anal and Rectal Disorders; Gastrointestinal Emergencies
Brian R. Apatoff, MD, PhD Author
Associate Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College
Clinical Attending of Neurology, New York Presbyterian Hospital
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders
Noel A. Armenakas, MD Reviewer
Injury to the Urinary Tract
Guy P. Armstrong Author
Consultant CardiologistNorth Shore Hospital, Auckland
Heart Valve Disorders
J. Malcolm O. Arnold, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario
Cardiologist, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Center
Heart Failure; Cardiomyopathy
George L. Bakris, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Director, ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Center, University of Chicago Medicine
High Blood Pressure; Low Blood Pressure
David H. Barad, MD, MS Author
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women's Health,, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
Director, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center for Human Reproduction
Symptoms of Gynecologic Disorders; Diagnosis of Gynecologic Disorders
Robert A. Barish, MD, MBA Author
Chancellor and Professor of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport
Bites and Stings
John G. Bartlett, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Acute Bronchitis; Pneumonia; Abscess in the Lungs
Rosemary Basson, MD, FRCP(UK) Author
Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Hospital
Sexual Dysfunction in Women
Mark H. Beers, MD (Deceased) Author
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Drexel University
The Human Body
Joshua O. Benditt, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington School of Medicine
Director of Respiratory Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center
Bronchiectasis and Atelectasis
James R. Berenson, MD Author
Medical and Scientific Director, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood
Plasma Cell Disorders
Richard W. Besdine, MD Reviewer
Professor of Medicine, Greer Professor of Geriatric Medicine, and Director, Division of Geriatrics (Medicine) and of the Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
The Aging Body
Adil E. Bharucha, MBBS, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Albert W. Biglan, MD Author
Adjunct Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Staff Physician, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
Eye Disorders in Children
Joseph J. Biundo, MD Author
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Tulane Medical Center
Muscle, Bursa, and Tendon Disorders
Sean C. Blackwell, MD Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
Pregnancy Complicated by Disease
Russell Blair, MD Author
Fellow, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Asthma
Marcy B. Bolster, MD Author
Division of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital
Osteoporosis
Ann S. Botash, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
Child Neglect and Abuse
Alfred A. Bove, MD, PhD Author
Chief of Cardiology, Cardiology Section, Temple University School of Medicine
Diving and Compressed Air Injuries
Marjorie A. Bowman, MD, MPA Reviewer
Professor and Founding Chair of Family Practice and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Making the Most of Health Care
Thomas G. Boyce, MD, MPH Author
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Consultant in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Gastroenteritis
Joseph D. Brain, ScD Author
Drinker Professor of Environmental Physiology and Chair of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health
Biology of the Lungs and Airways
Peter C. Brazy, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Tubular and Cystic Kidney Disorders
Jeremy S. Breit, MD Author
Fellow, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Asthma
Christian M. Briery, MD Author
Director of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport
Pregnancy at High-Risk
George R. Brown, MD Author
Chief of Psychiatry, Mountain home VAMC, Johnson City, TN
Professor and Associate Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, East Tennessee State University
Sexuality
Haywood L. Brown, MD Author
Roy T. Parker Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center
Normal Pregnancy; Normal Labor and Delivery
Rebecca H. Buckley, MD Author
J. Buren Sidbury Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Jerrold T. Bushberg, PhD, DABMP Reviewer
Radiation Injury
Juan R. Bustillo, MD Author
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of New Mexico
Schizophrenia and Delusional Disorder
David B. Carr, MD Author
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine–Older Adult Health Center
The Older Driver
Mary T. Caserta, MD Author
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine
Attending Physician, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center
Viral Infections in Infants and Children
Bartolome R. Celli, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Tufts University
Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Study, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center
Rehabilitation for Lung and Airway Disorders
Bruce A. Chabner, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Clinical Director, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
Overview of Cancer; Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Ian M. Chapman, MBBS, PhD Author
Associate Professor of Endocrinology, University of Adelaide, Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital
Pituitary Gland Disorders
Lois Choi-Kain, MD Author
Director, Gunderson Residence of McLean Hospital
Clinical Instructor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
Personality Disorders
Alfred J. Cianflocco, MD, FAAFP Author
Director, Primary Care Sports Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Sports Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic
Low Back and Neck Pain
Paula J. Clayton, MD Author
Medical Director, American Foundation for Suicide Prevention
Suicidal Behavior
William J. Cochran, MD Author
Vice Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA
Digestive Disorders in Children
Alan S. Cohen, MD Author
Distinguished Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Conrad Wessolhoeft Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Editor-in-Chief, Amyloid: The Journal of Protein Folding Disorders
Amyloidosis
Robert B. Cohen, DMD Reviewer
Clinical Associate Professor of Dentistry and Practice Coordinator, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Lip and Tongue Disorders; Mouth Sores; Mouth Growths
Sidney Cohen, MD Reviewer
Professor of Medicine and Director, Research Programs, Thomas Jefferson University
Peptic Disorders; Hiatus Hernia, Bezoars, and Foreign Bodies; Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder; Hepatitis
Kathryn Colby, MD, PhD Author
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School
Surgeon in Ophthalmology, Cornea Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Symptoms of Eye Disorders; Diagnosis of Eye Disorders; Cataract; Injuries to the Eye
Daniel W. Collison, MD Author
Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Pressure Sores; Sweating Disorders; Noncancerous Skin Growths
Eve R. Colson, MD Author
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine
Director, Well Newborn Nursery, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital
Preschool and School-Aged Children
Deborah M. Consolini, MD Reviewer
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Jefferson Medical College
Staff Physician, Diagnostic Referral Division, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Symptoms in Infants and Children
Mary Ann Cooper, MD Author
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
Electrical and Lightning Injuries
Bryan D. Cowan, MD Author
Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Fibroids
Jill P. Crandall, MD Author
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Hypoglycemia
Emmett T. Cunningham, Jr., MD, PhD, MPH Author
Professor of Ophthalmology, Stanford University
Director, The Uveitis Service, California Pacific Medical Center and Clinic
Uveitis
Ralph E. Cutler, MD Reviewer
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Consultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VA Medical Center
Diagnosis of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Patricia A. Daly, MD Author
Visiting Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Virginia
Clinical Endocrinologist, Front Royal Internal Medicine, VA
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Daniel F. Danzl, MD Author
Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine
Cold Injuries
Norman L. Dean, MD Author
Fellow (Emeritus), American College of Chest Physicians
Lifetime Fellow, American College of Physicians
Drowning
Peter J. Delves, PhD Author
Professor of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
Biology of the Immune System; Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
Ara DerMarderosian, PhD Reviewer
Professor of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry, Roth Chair of Natural Products, Scientific Director, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Institute, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Medicinal Herbs and Nutraceuticals
Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, MD Author
Director, Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Eye Center
Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Refractive Disorders
A. Damian Dhar, MD, JD Reviewer
Bacterial Skin Infections; Fungal Skin Infections
Michael C. DiMarino, MD Author
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
Esophageal Disorders; Diverticular Disease
James G. H. Dinulos, MD Author
Adjunct Associate Professor of Surgery (Dermatology), Dartmouth Medical School
Parasitic Skin Infections; Viral Skin Infections
Caroline Carney Doebbeling, MD, MSc Author
Chief Executive Officer, Cetan Health Consultants LLC, Indianapolis, IN
Chief Medical Officer, MDwise, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
Overview of Mental Health Care
Karl Doghramji, MD Author
Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Medicine, and Medical Director, Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University
Sleep Disorders
James D. Douketis, MD Author
Professor of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Joseph Hospital Healthcare, Ontario
Venous Disorders; Lymphatic Disorders
Jeffrey S. Dungan, MD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Genetic Disorders Detection
David Eidelberg, MD Author
Susan and Leonard Feinstein Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine
Director, Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore—Long Island Jewish Health System
Movement Disorders
Sherman Elias, MD Author
John J. Sciarra Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital of Northwestern Memorial Hospital
John J. Sciarra Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Chairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital of Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Genetic Disorders Detection
B. Mark Evers Author
Professor and Vice-Chairman of Research, Department of Surgery and Director, Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of Kentucky
Carcinoid Tumors
Jan Fawcett, MD Reviewer
Professor of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Mood Disorders
Norah C. Feeny, PhD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University
Violence Against Women
Teodoro Ernesto Figueroa, MD Author
Chief, Division of Pediatric Urology, Alfred I. duPont Nemours Hospital for Children
Clinical Associate Professor of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University
Incontinence in Children
James H. Fisher, MD Author
Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Pulmonary and Critical Care, Denver Health Medical Center
Diagnosis of Lung Disorders
Michael R. Foley, MD Author
Clinical Professor, University of Arizona School of Medicine
Medical Director for Academic Affairs, Scottsdale Healthcare
Drug Use During Pregnancy
Steven D. Freedman, MD, PhD Author
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Director, The Pancreas Center, and Chief, Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Pancreatitis
Eugene P. Frenkel, MD Reviewer
Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research; Elaine Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research in honor of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Biology of Blood
Marvin P. Fried, MD Author
Professor and University Chairman, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Symptoms of Nose and Throat Disorders; Nose and Sinus Disorders
Edmund F. Funai, MD Author
Associate Chair for Clinical Affairs, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine
Chief of Obstetrics, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Complications of Pregnancy
Matthew G. Fury, MD Author
Assistant Attending Physician, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Instructor, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cancer
Pierluigi Gambetti, MD Author
Professor and Director, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center, Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Case Western Reserve University
Prion Diseases
Sunir J. Garg, MD, FACS Author
Assistant Surgeon, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Institute
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University
Retinal Disorders
James Garrity, MD Author
Whitney and Betty MacMillan Professor of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic
Biology of the Eyes; Eyelid and Tearing Disorders; Optic Nerve Disorders; Eye Socket Disorders
Brian K. Gehlbach, MD Author
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
David M. Gershenson, MD Author
Professor and Chairman, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System
Kenneth A. Getz, MBA Author
Senior Research Fellow, Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development
Founder and Chairman, The Center for Information and Study on Clinical Research Participation
The Science of Medicine and Clinical Trials
Elias A. Giraldo, MD, MS Author
Associate Professor and Director, Hahnemann University Hospital Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine
Stroke (CVA)
Anne Carol Goldberg, MD Author
Associate Professor of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
Cholesterol Disorders
Stephen E. Goldfinger, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes
Steven A. Goldman, MD, PhD Author
Dean Zutes Chair and Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
Adjunct Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Biology of the Nervous System
M. Jay Goodkind, MD Author
Associate Professor (Emeritus) of Clinical Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Chief of Cardiology (Retired), Mercer Medical Center
Heart Tumors
Carmen E. Gota, MD Author
Staff Physician, Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Vasculitic Disorders
Norton J. Greenberger, MD Reviewer
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Senior Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Symptoms of Digestive Disorders
John E. Greenlee, MD Reviewer
Meningitis
John H. Greist, MD Author
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health
Distinguished Senior Scientist, Madison Institute of Medicine, Inc.
Anxiety Disorders
Ashley B. Grossman, MD, FRCP, FMedSci Author
Professor of Endocrinology, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford
Adrenal Gland Disorders
John G. Gunderson, MD Author
Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
Director, Psychosocial and Personality Research, Borderline Personality Disorder Center, McLean Hospital
Personality Disorders
Rula A. Hajj-ali, MD Author
Staff Physician, Center of Vasculitis Care and Research, Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue
Jesse B. Hall, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care and Section Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Judith G. Hall, MD Author
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
Genetics
John W. Hallett, Jr., MD Author
Clinical Professor of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
Medical Director and Vascular Surgeon, Roper St. Francis Heart and Vascular Center
Peripheral Arterial Disease; Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection
Kevin C. Hazen, PhD Author
Professor of Pathology and Director of Clinical Microbiology, Duke University Health System
Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
R. Phillips Heine, MD Author
Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University
Symptoms During Pregnancy; Symptoms During Pregnancy
Susan L. Hendrix, DO Reviewer
Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan State University School of Osteopathic Medicine
Partner, Hutzel Women's Hospital at the Detroit Medical Center
Menopause
Steven K. Herrine, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Thomas Jefferson University
Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs, Jefferson Medical College
Manifestations of Liver Disease; Drugs and the Liver; Tumors of the Liver
Jerome M. Hershman, MD Reviewer
Thyroid Gland Disorders
Martin Hertl, MD, PhD Author
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Surgical Director, Liver Transplantation Program, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Lyall A. J. Higginson, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Irvin H. Hirsch, MD Author
Clinical Professor of Urology, Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University
Biology of the Male Reproductive System; Sexual Dysfunction in Men
Brian D. Hoit, MD Author
Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University
Director of Echocardiography, Harrington-McLaughlin Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center
Pericardial Disease
Juebin Huang, MD, PhD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center
Brain Dysfunction; Delirium and Dementia
Daniel A. Hussar, PhD Reviewer
Factors Affecting Response to Drugs; Adherence to Drug Treatment; Over-the-Counter Drugs
Masayoshi Itoh, MD, MPH Author
Clinical Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Consultant, Coler/Goldwater Specialty Hospital and Nursing Facility
Rehabilitation
Michael Jacewicz, MD Reviewer
Professor of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Assistant Chief of Neurology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis
Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders; Brain Infections; Motion Sickness
Harry S. Jacob, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School
Editor-in-Chief, Hematology/Oncology Today
Spleen Disorders
Jon A. Jacobson, MD Author
Associate Professor of Radiology, University of Michigan
Common Imaging Tests
Navin Jaipaul, MD, MHS Author
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Attending Nephrologist, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract
Larry E. Johnson, MD, PhD Author
Associate Professor of Geriatrics and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Attending Physician, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
Vitamins; Minerals; Electrolyte Balance
Robert G. Johnson, MD Author
C. Rollins Hanlon Professor and Chair, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Surgery
Brian D. Johnston Reviewer
Exercise and Fitness
Hugh F. Johnston, MD Author
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Office of Continuing Medical Education, University of Wisconsin Medical School
Medical Director, Bureau of Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Mental Health Disorders in Children
Thomas V. Jones, MD, MPH Author
Director, Inflammatory Diseases, Specialty Care Unit, Pfizer
Medical Decision Making
Nicholas Jospe, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Diabetes Mellitus in Children(DM)
Michael J. Joyce, MD Author
Associate Clinical Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University
Orthopaedic Surgeon, Cleveland Clinic
Bone and Joint Tumors
Amy H. Kaji, MD, PhD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
First Aid
Anand D. Kantak, MD Author
Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown
Director, Division of Neonatology, Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Children
Paul R. Katz, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine
Medical Director, Monroe Community Hospital
Director, Finger Lakes Geriatric Education Center of Upstate New York
Associate Chief of Staff/Research, Canandaigua VA Medical Center
Long-Term Care
Bradley W. Kesser, MD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Outer Ear Disorders
Talmadge E. King, Jr., MD Author
Chief, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Julius R. Krevans Distinguished Professorship in Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Interstitial Lung Diseases
Preeti Kishore, MD Author
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
James P. Knochel, MD Author
Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Past Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas
Heat Disorders
Arthur E. Kopelman, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics and Neonatology (Emeritus), The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Problems in Newborns
David N. Korones, MD Author
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Oncology, and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center
Childhood Cancers
Steven H. Kroft, MD Author
Associate Professor of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin
Director of Hematopathology, Dynacare Laboratories/Froedtert Hospital
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders
David J. Kuter Author
ProfessorHarvard Medical School
Director, Center for HematologyMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
Bleeding Due to Abnormal Blood Vessels; Platelet Disorders
Mark S. Lachs, MD, MPH Author
Irene F. and I. Roy Psaty Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Director of Geriatrics, New York Presbyterian Health System
Elder Mistreatment
Jules Y. T. Lam, MD, FRCP(C) Author
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Montreal
Cardiologist, Montreal Heart Institute
Atherosclerosis
Lewis Landsberg, MD Author
Irving S. Cutter Professor of Medicine and Dean (Emeritus), Northwestern University
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Ruth A. Lawrence, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Director of Normal Newborn Nursery, Strong Memorial Hospital
Newborns and Infants
Jennifer Le, PharmD, BCPS-ID Author
Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Administration and Kinetics of Drugs
Noah Lechtzin, MD, MHS Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Symptoms of Lung Disorders
Mathew H. M. Lee, MD Author
Howard A. Rusk Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine and Chairman, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Rehabilitation
Michael C. Levin, MD Reviewer
Professor of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders
Wendy S. Levinbook, MD Author
Private Practice, Hartford Dermatology Associates
Hair Disorders
Matthew E. Levison, MD Reviewer
Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Professor School of Public Health, Drexel University
Bacterial Infections; Antibiotics
Sharon Levy, MD, MPH Author
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research, Children's Hospital, Boston
Adolescents; Problems in Adolescents
James L. Lewis, III, MD Author
Nephrology Associates, P.C. of Birmingham
Water Balance; Acid-Base Balance
Alan E. Lichtin, MD Author
Staff Hematologist-Oncologist, Cleveland Clinic
Associate Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Anemia
Paul L. Liebert, MD Author
Private Practice, Tomah Memorial Hospital, Tomah, WI
Sports Injuries
Richard W. Light, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Pleural and Mediastinal Disorders
Gregory S. Liptak, MD, MPH Author
Professor of Pediatrics and Director, Center for Development, Behavior, and Genetics, Upstate Medical University
Birth Defects
Elliot M. Livstone, MD Author
Attending Physician, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, FL
Tumors of the Digestive System
Phillip Low, MD Author
Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
Paul D. Lui, MD Reviewer
Associate Professor of Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Penile and Testicular Disorders
Lawrence R. Lustig, MD Author
Francis A. Sooy, MD, Professor in Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco
Division Chief of Otology & Neurotology, University of California San Francisco
Inner Ear Disorders
Joanne Lynn, MD, MA, MS Reviewer
Death and Dying
Robert J. MacNeal, MD Author
Assistant Professor, Department of General Internal Medicine and Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
Biology of the Skin; Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Disorders; Sunlight and Skin Damage
Kenneth Maiese, MD Author
Professor and Chair, Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey Health Sciences University
Coma and Impaired Consciousness; Head Injuries
Darren Malinoski, MD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University
Chief, Section of Surgical Critical Care, Portland VA Medical Center
Abdominal Injuries
Scott Manaker, MD, PhD Author
Associate Professor of Medicine; Vice Chair for Regulatory Affairs, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System
Shock
James F. Markmann, MD, PhD Author
Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Clinical Director, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
John T. McBride, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown
Vice-Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Children
Margaret C. McBride, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics (Neurology), Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown
Director, Neurodevelopmental Center, Akron Children's Hospital
Neurologic Disorders in Children
Daniel J. McCarty, MD Author
Will and Cava Ross Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Medical College of Wisconsin
Gout and Pseudogout
J. Allen McCutchan, MD, MSc Author
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego
Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Infection; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Robert S. McKelvie, MD, PhD, MSc Author
Professor of Medicine, McMaster University
Medical Director, Cardiac Health and Rehabilitation Center
Sports and the Heart
Karen McKoy, MD, MPH Reviewer
Senior Staff, Department of Dermatology, Lahey Clinic Medical Center
Acne
James I. McMillan, MD Reviewer
Kidney Failure; Dialysis
S. Gene McNeeley, MD Reviewer
Chief of Gynecology, Hutzel Women's Hospital
Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hutzel Women's Health Specialists
Pelvic Floor Disorders; Noncancerous Gynecologic Abnormalities
Noshir R. Mehta, DMD, MDS, MS Author
Professor and Director, Craniofacial Pain Center; Associate Dean, Global Relations, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Temporomandibular Disorders
Daniel R. Mishell, Jr., MD Author
The Lyle G. McNeile Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
Chief Physician, Women's and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center
Family Planning
L. Brent Mitchell, MD Author
Professor and Head, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary
Director, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary Health Region and University of Calgary
Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Richard T. Miyamoto, MD Author
Arilla Spence DeVault Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine
Middle Ear Disorders
Joel L. Moake, MD Author
Senior Research Scientist, Rice University
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Baylor College of Medicine
Blood Clotting Process; Bleeding and Clotting Disorders
Julie S. Moldenhauer, MD Author
Medical Director, The Special Delivery Unit, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Complications of Labor and Delivery; Postdelivery Period
Pekka Mooar, MD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine
Biology of the Musculoskeletal System
John E. Morley, MB, BCh Reviewer
Undernutrition; Biology of the Endocrine System
Angela Cafiero Moroney, PharmD Author
Senior Clinical Science Manager, Renal CSM Organization, Global Medical Affairs, GPRD, AbbVie, Inc
Drug Dynamics
John Morrison, MD Author
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Professor of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Pregnancy at High-Risk
Sam P. Most, MD Author
Chief, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University
Facial Injuries
David F. Murchison, DDS, MMS Reviewer
Clinical Professor, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry
Senior Lecturer, University of Texas at Dallas
Symptoms of Oral and Dental Disorders; Urgent Dental Problems
Edward A. Nardell, MD Author
Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Tuberculosis and Leprosy
Linda P. Nelson, DMD, MScD Author
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Associate Pediatric Dentist, Children's Hospital
Biology of the Mouth
John H. Newman, MD Author
Elsa S. Hanigan Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Pulmonary Embolism (PE); Pulmonary Hypertension
Lee S. Newman, MD, MA Author
Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver
Environmental Lung Diseases; Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases of the Lungs
John K. Niparko, MD Author
Associate Professor, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Hearing Loss and Deafness
Patrick G. O'Connor, MD, MPH Author
Professor of Medicine; Chief, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
Drug Use and Abuse
Gerald F. O'Malley, DO Author
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital
Poisoning
Rika O'Malley, MD Author
Poisoning
James T. Pacala, MD, MS Author
Associate Professor and Distinguished University Teaching Professor, Family Practice and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School
Prevention
Robert M. Palmer, MD, MPH Author
Visiting Professor of Medicine and Clinical Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
Hospital Care
Elizabeth J. Palumbo, MD Author
Private Practice, The Pediatric Group, Fairfax, VA
Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Young Children
Richard D. Pearson, MD Author
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Associate Dean for Student Affairs, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Parasitic Infections
Lawrence L. Pelletier, Jr., MD Author
Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine
Staff Physician, Robert J. Dole VA Medical and Regional Office Center, Wichita
Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine
Infective Endocarditis
Frank Pessler, MD, PhD Author
Pediatric Rheumatologist, Klinik und Polyklinik für Kinder und Jagendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Bone Disorders in Children; Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorders; Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Stephen P. Peters, MD, PhD Author
Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine
Associate Director, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest Health Sciences
Asthma
Hart Peterson, MD Author
Clinical Professor of Neurology in Pediatrics (Retired), Cornell University
Attending Neurologist and Pediatrician (Retired), New York Hospital
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
William A. Petri, Jr., MD, PhD Author
Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiology and Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Rickettsial and Related Infections
Katharine A. Phillips, MD Author
Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hosital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Somatoform Disorders
Harold C. Pillsbury, III, MD Author
Thomas J. Dark Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat
JoAnn V. Pinkerton, MD Author
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Director, Division of Midlife Health, University of Virginia Health System
Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
Russell K. Portenoy, MD Author
Professor of Neurology and Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Chairman, Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center
Pain
Carol S. Portlock, MD Author
Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell University Medical College
Attending Physician, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Lymphomas
Michael Pourfar, MD Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Movement Disorders
Nina N. Powell-Hamilton, MD Author
Medical Genetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Chromosomal and Genetic Abnormalities
Josef T. Prchal, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Glenn M. Preminger, MD Author
Director, Duke Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Duke University Medical Center
Professor and Chief, Duke University Medical Center
Obstruction of the Urinary Tract; Stones in the Urinary Tract
Pedro T. Ramirez, MD Author
Professor, Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System
Robert W. Rebar, MD Author
Executive Director, American Society for Reproductive Medicine
Volunteer Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham
Endometriosis; Infertility
Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH Author
Clinical Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia
Nail Disorders
Douglas J. Rhee, MD Author
Assistant Professor, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School
Glaucoma
Candido E. Rivera Author
Division of Hematology and OncologyMayo Clinic
Iron Overload
Melvin I. Roat, MD, FACS Reviewer
Clinical Associate Professor, Wills Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders; Corneal Disorders
James R. Roberts, MD Reviewer
Professor and Vice Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine and Director, Division of Toxicology, Mercy Catholic Medical Center
Fractures
Austin S. Rose, MD Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat
Peter L. Rosenblatt, MD Author
Assistant Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School
Director of Urogynecology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Biology of the Female Reproductive System
Beryl J. Rosenstein, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Hospital, Cystic Fibrosis Center
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Steven Rosenzweig, MD Author
Clinical Associate Professor, Drexel University College of Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
Robert J. Ruben, MD Reviewer
Distinguished University Professor, Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children
Fred H. Rubin, MD Author
Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Shadyside
Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Immunization
Michael Rubin, MDCM Author
Professor of Clinical Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College
Director, Neuromuscular Service and EMG Laboratory, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center
Spinal Cord Disorders; Peripheral Nerve Disorders; Cranial Nerve Disorders; Craniocervical Junction Disorders; Muscular Dystrophies and Related Disorders
Atenodoro R. Ruiz, Jr., MD Author
Attending Physician, Department of Medicine Gastroenterology, Kaiser-Permanente, Santa Clara
Malabsorption
J. Mark Ruscin, PharmD Author
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy
Aging and Drugs
Julie E. Russak, MD Author
Melanoma Fellow, Rigel Dermatology (Private Practice Associated with New York University Medical Center)
Blistering Diseases
Paul S. Russell, MD Author
John Homans Distinguished Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Senior Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Michael E. Rytting Author
Associate ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Leukemia
Associate ProfessorUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Division of Pediatrics, Patient Care, Section of Leukemia/Lymphoma
Leukemias
Charles Sabatino, JD Author
Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center
Director, Commission on Law and Aging, American Bar Association
Legal and Ethical Issues
David B. Sachar, MD Author
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Director (Emeritus), Dr. Henry D. Janovitz Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount Sinai Hospital
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD); Clostridium difficile-Induced Colitis
Seyed-Ali Sadjadi, MD Reviewer
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Kidney Filtering Disorders; Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys
Lee M. Sanders, MD, MPH Author
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Holtz Children's Hospital
Hereditary Metabolic Disorders
Christopher Sanford, MD, MPH, DTM&H Author
Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington
Associate Professor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington
Travel and Health
Ravindra Sarode, MD Author
Professor of Pathology and Director, Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis Laboratory, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Blood Transfusion
Clarence T. Sasaki, MD Author
The Charles W. Oshe Professor of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine
President, American Laryngological Association
Associate Editor, Dysphagia
Mouth and Throat Disorders
Erik Schaffer, CP Author
President, A Step Ahead Prosthetics, Hicksville, NY
Limb Prosthetics
Peter C. Schalock, MD Author
Instructor in Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
Assistant in Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital
Itching and Noninfectious Rashes; Psoriasis and Scaling Disorders; Pigment Disorders
Steven Schmitt, MD Author
Head, Section of Bone and Joint Infections, Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic
Bone and Joint Infections
Eldon A. Shaffer, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
Diagnosis of Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Disorders; Cirrhosis and Related Disorders; Blood Vessel Disorders of the Liver; Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Anuja P. Shah, MD Author
Assistant Professor, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Faculty, Division of Nephrology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Symptoms of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Nicholas J. Shaheen, MD, MPH Author
Associate Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Director, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina Hospitals
Biology of the Digestive System; Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders
Stewart Shankel, MD Reviewer
Clinical Professor of Medicine and Director of Clinical Medicine, University of California, Riverside
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
William R. Shapiro, MD Author
Professor of Clinical Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
Chief, Neuro-oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute
Chief, Neuro-oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute
Tumors of the Nervous System
Michael J. Shea, MD Author
Professor of Internal Medicine, Section Head, Cardiovascular Medicine Outpatient Services and Clinical Evaluation, University of Michigan Health Systems
Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Patrick J. Shenot, MD Author
Associate Professor of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University
Disorders of Urination
David D. Sherry, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
Director, Clinical Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Bone Disorders in Children; Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorders; Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Stephen D. Silberstein, MD Author
Director, Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Professor of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University
Headaches
Harold M. Silverman, PharmD Author
Editor-in-Chief, The Pill Book
Trade-Name and Generic Drugs
Daphne Simeon, MD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Dissociative Disorders
Richard V. Smith, MD Author
Vice Chair, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Director, Head & Neck Service, Montefiore Medical Center
Nose and Throat Cancers
David E. Soper, MD Author
Professor and Vice Chairman for Clinical Affairs, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina
Vaginal Infections and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
David R. Steinberg, MD Author
Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Director, Hand & Upper Extremity Fellowship, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
Hand Disorders
Marvin E. Steinberg, MD Author
Professor (Emeritus) of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Osteonecrosis
Kingman P. Strohl, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Oncology, Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
Director, Center for Sleep Disorders Research, Case Western Reserve University
Sleep Apnea
Albert J. Stunkard, MD Author
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Eating Disorders
Alan M. Sugar, MD Author
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Boston University School of Medicine
Medical Director, Infectious Disease Clinical Services and HIV/AIDS Program, Cape Cod Healthcare
Fungal Infections
Stephen Brian Sulkes, MD Author
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Behavioral and Developmental Problems in Young Children; Learning and Developmental Disorders
David A. Swanson, MD Author
Clinical Professor, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Moira Szilagyi, MD, PhD Author
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester
Medical Director, Starlight Pediatrics, Monroe County Health Department
Social Issues Affecting Children and Their Families
Paul H. Tanser, MD Reviewer
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), McMaster University
Medical Cardiologist, North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Auckland
Medical Consultant, North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Aukland
Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels
Joan B. Tarloff, PhD Author
Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Adverse Drug Reactions
Mary Territo, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Director of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles
White Blood Cell Disorders
Elizabeth Chabner Thompson, MD, MPH Author
Private Practice, New York Group for Plastic Surgery
Overview of Cancer; Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Stig Thunell, MD, PhD Author
Professor, Karolinska Institute
Senior Consultant, Porphyria Center Sweden, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm
Porphyrias
Oren Traub, MD, PhD Reviewer
Attending Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Pacific Medical Centers and University of Washington
The Science of Medicine and Clinical Trials
Amal Trivedi, MD, MPH Author
Assistant Professor of Community Health, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Investigator, REAP On Outcomes and Quality in Chronic Disease and Rehabilitation, Providence VA Medical Center
Health Care Coverage for Older People
Anne S. Tsao, MD Author
Associate Professor, Director, Mesothelioma Program; Director, Thoracic Chemo-radiation Program, Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Tumors of the Lungs
Debara L. Tucci, MD, MS Author
Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Duke University Medical Center
Symptoms of Ear Disorders
Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD Author
Chair, Department of Medicin, Monmouth Medical Center
Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Biology of Infectious Disease
James T. Ubertalli, DMD Author
Assistant Clinical Professor, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Private Practice, Hingham, MA
Tooth Disorders; Periodontal Diseases
Marguerite A. Urban, MD Author
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine
Viral Infections
Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD, MPH Author
Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Eva M. Vivian, PharmD Reviewer
Clinical Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy
Overview of Drugs
Victor G. Vogel, MD, MHS Author
National Vice President for Research, American Cancer Society
Breast Disorders
Aaron E. Walfish, MD Author
Clinical Assistant Attending, Division of Digestive Diseases, Beth Israel Medical Center
Clinical Instructor, Mount Sinai Medical Center
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD); Clostridium difficile-Induced Colitis
James Wayne Warnica, MD Author
Coronary Artery Disease
Michael R. Wasserman, MD Reviewer
Assistant Clinical Professor, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
Nonspecific Symptoms
Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD Author
Director, Pediatric HIV Program, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Bacterial Infections in Infants and Children
Gregory L. Wells, MD Author
Resident in Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Skin Cancers
John B. West, MD, PhD, DSc Author
Professor of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego
Altitude Illness
Terrie Fox Wetle, MS, PhD Author
Associate Dean of Medicine for Public Health and Professor, Department of Community Health, Division of Biology and Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Professor, Department of Community Health, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University
Coping With Changes Related to Aging
Kendrick Alan Whitney, DPM Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine and Orthopedics, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine
Foot Problems
Margaret-Mary G. Wilson, MD Author
Medical Director, Health Services, United Healthcare, Maryland Heights
Overview of Nutrition; Disorders of Unknown Cause
Robert A. Wise, MD Author
Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Steven E. Wolf, MD Author
Professor and Vice-Chairman for Research, Burn Section, Department of Surgery, University of Texas - Southwestern Medical Center
Editor-in-Chief, BURNS
Burns
Heidi Yeh, MD Author
Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Assistant in Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Adrienne Youdim, MD Author
Director, Medical Weight Loss, Cedars-Sinai Center for Weight Loss
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Lowell S. Young, MD Author
Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco
Director, Kuzell Institute, California Pacific Medical Center
Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Septic Shock
Contributors to Previous Version of Select Subjects
We recognize the important contributions of the following contributors who were involved with the previous version of a subject that has since undergone an update/revision. The subject(s) that they were responsible for are listed after their affiliations.
David B. Acker, MD
Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard University
Chief of Obstetrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Normal Labor and Delivery; Complications of Labor and Delivery; Postdelivery Period
James K. Alexander, MD
Professor of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
Pulmonary Embolism
Timothy Aliff, MD
Clinical Assistant, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cancer
Karl E. Anderson, MD
Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Porphyrias
John A. Astin, PhD
Scientist, California Pacific Medical Center
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Ercem S. Atillasoy, MD
Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Departments of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University and Yale University School of Medicine
Senior Director, Merck & Co., Inc.
Noncancerous Skin Growths; Skin Cancers
Hervy E. Averette, MD
Professor of Clinical Oncology, University of Miami; American Cancer Society Professor and Sylvester Professor of Gynecologic Oncology
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System
Gabriele M. Barthlen, MD
Technische Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany
Sleep Disorders
Nir Barzilai, MD
Director of Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Hypoglycemia; Diabetes Mellitus
Brian M. Berman, MD
Professor of Family Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Director, University of Maryland Complementary Medicine Program
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Lewis E. Braverman, MD
Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Chief, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center
Thyroid Gland Disorders
Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc
Professor of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine
Outer Ear Disorders
J. Raymond Buncic, MD
Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto
Ophthalmologist-in-Chief, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Eye Disorders in Children
John F. Burke, MD
Helen Andrus Benedict Professor of Surgery (Emeritus), Harvard University
Chief of Trauma Services (Emeritus), Massachusetts General Hospital
Burns
John J. Caronna, MD
Professor of Clinical Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Attending Neurologist, New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Stroke; Head Injuries; Stupor and Coma
William D. Chey, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Director of Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, University of Michigan Health System
Hiatus Hernia, Bezoars, and Foreign Bodies; Peptic Disorders
David Christiani, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Professor of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health
Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
Occupational Lung Diseases
Philip L. Cohen, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Chief of Rheumatology Section, Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Autoimmune Disorders
Ralph E. Cutler, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Consultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VA Medical Center
Male Reproductive System; Kidney Failure
Anne L. Davis, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Attending Physician, Bellevue Hospital Center
Atelectasis; Bronchiectasis
Ronald Dee, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Attending Surgeon, The Stamford Hospital
Venous Disorders; Lymphatic Disorders
Eugene P. DiMagno, MD
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Medical School
Consultant of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Pancreatitis
George E. Downs, PharmD
Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Dean, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Drug Names: Generic and Trade
Douglas A. Drossman, MD
Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry and Codirector of Center for Functional and Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Biology of the Digestive System; Symptoms and Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders
Nancy Neveloff Dubler, LLB
Professor of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Director, Division of Bioethics, Montefiore Medical Center
Legal and Ethical Issues
John E. Edwards, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine
Chief of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Fungal Infections
Elizabeth A. Erwin, MD
Fellow, University of Virginia
Allergic Reactions
Walter H. Ettinger, MD
Executive Vice President, Virtua Health, Inc.
Biology of the Musculoskeletal System
E. Dale Everett, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia
Bacterial Skin Infections
Harrison W. Farber, MD
Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Pulmonary Hypertension
Wayne S. Fenton, MD
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
Schizophrenia and Delusional Disorder
Andrew J. Fletcher, MB, BChir
Adjunct Professor of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Temple University School of Pharmacy
Genetics
Arnold S. Freedman, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Lymphomas
Eugene P. Frenkel, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research; Elaine Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research in honor of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Anemia; Overview of Cancer
Mitchell H. Friedlaender, MD
Adjunct Professor, The Scripps Research Institute
Head of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla
Eyelid and Tear Gland Disorders
Steven M. Fruchtman, MD
Director, Myeloproliferative Disease Program and Director (Emeritus) of Stem Cell Transplant, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York
Associate Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Glen O. Gabbard, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine
Overview of Mental Health Care
Marc Galanter, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Director of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, New York University School of Medicine
Drug Use and Abuse
Bruce J. Gantz, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Otolaryngolog—Head and Neck Surgery, and Brian F. McCabe Distinguished Chair in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Middle and Inner Ear Disorders
Tobin N. Gerhart, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Fractures
Robert H. Gelber, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco
Leprosy
John P. Glazer, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics and Director of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center
Mental Health Disorders in Children
Barry Steven Gold, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Bites and Stings
Michael F. Greene, MD
Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School
Director of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
Normal Pregnancy; High-Risk Pregnancy
H. Roger Hadley, MD
Professor of Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Chief of Urology, Loma Linda University Medical Center
Urinary Incontinence
Susan L. Hendrix, DO
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Principal Investigator and Director of Women's Health Initiative, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Vaginal Infections; Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding; Fibroids; Pelvic Floor Disorders; Sexual Dysfunction
Alan T. Hirsch, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Radiology, Vascular Medicine Program, Minnesota Vascular Diseases Center, University of Minnesota Medical School
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Paul D. Hoeprich, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
Bacterial Infections
Charles S. Houston, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), University of Vermont College of Medicine
Cold Injuries; Heat Disorders; Altitude Illness
Steven Jonas, MD, MPH, MS
Professor of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Exercise and Fitness
Nicholas Jospe, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Hereditary Disorders of Metabolism
David W. Kennedy, MD
Professor and Chairman of Otorhinolaryngology, Vice Dean for Professional Affairs, University of Pennsylvania
Senior Vice President, University of Pennsylvania Health System
Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses
Richard P. Kluft, MD
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Temple University School of Medicine
Amnesia and Related Disorders
Cheryl M. Kodjo, MD, MPH
Senior Instructor in Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Rochester
Normal Adolescents; Problems in Adolescents
Nancy Ebbesmeyer Lanphear, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Behavioral and Developmental Problems in Young Children
Amy Lee, MD
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
Overview of Nutrition
Daniel Levinson, MD
Associate Professor (Emeritus) of Family and Community Medicine and Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine
Travel and Health
James L. Lewis III, MD
Nephrology Associates, PC, Birmingham
Minerals and Electrolytes
Lewis A. Lipsitz, MD
Professor and Director, Harvard Division on Aging
Usen Codirector, Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Research and Training Institute, Boston
Chief, Gerontology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Low Blood Pressure
Paul D. Lui, MD
Associate Professor of Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Prostate Disorders
Maren L. Mahowald, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota
Chief of Rheumatology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center
Bone and Joint Infections
Gerald L. Mandell, MD
Owen R. Cheatham Professor of the Sciences and Professor of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Center
Biology of Infectious Disease
Edward R. Marcantonio, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Director of Quality and Outcomes Research, Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged
Delirium and Dementia
Richard J. Martin, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Head of Pulmonary Division and Vice Chair of Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center
Asthma
Alfonse T. Masi, MD, DrPH
Professor of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
Professor of Epidemiology, University of Illinois School of Public Health
Disorders of Muscles, Bursas, and Tendons
Richard G. Masson, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine
Chief of Pulmonary Medicine, Framingham Union Hospital
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Lung Disorders; Respiratory Failure
Daniel L. Menkes, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Director of Clinical Neurophysiology Services, University of Tennessee, Memphis
Seizure Disorders
Pamela A. Moalli, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Assistant Professor, Magee-Womens Hospital
Biology of the Female Reproductive System
Mark Monane, MD, MS
Adjunct Associate Clinical Professor, Rutgers College of Pharmacy
Principal, Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Needham and Company, Inc., New York
Drugs and Aging
Pekka Mooar, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine
Sports Injuries
David F. Murchison, DDS, MMS
Colonel, USAF, DC
Director, Air Force Dental Operations, USAF Dental Service, Lackland-Kelly Air Force Base
Tooth Disorders
John D. Norante, MD
Associate Professor of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children
J. D. Overton, DDS
Private Dental Practice, Biloxi, MS
Urgent Dental Problems
Dhavalkumar D. Patel, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Chief of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Duke University Medical Center
Biology of the Immune System
Sidney F. Phillips, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Karl F. and Marjory Hasselmann Professor of Research, Mayo Medical School
Consultant, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Bowel Movement Disorders
Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Head of Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia
Allergic Reactions
Jerome B. Posner, MD
Professor of Neurology and Neurosciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Attending Neurologist, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Low Back Pain
Douglas J. Pritchard, MD
Consultant of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Bone Tumors
Mirza I. Rahman, MD, MPH
Adjunct Professor of Pharmacoepidemiology, Temple University School of Pharmacy
Director, Medical Services, Merck & Co., Inc.
Prevention
Jeffrey B. Reich, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College
Headaches
Norman R. Relkin, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College
Director, Cornell Memory Disorders Program, New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Brain Dysfunction
Hal B. Richerson, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine (Emeritus), University of Iowa
Allergic Diseases of the Lungs
Joel E. Richter, MD
Professor of Medicine, Ohio State University Health Science Center at the Cleveland Clinic
Chair of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Disorders of the Esophagus
Melvin I. Roat, MD
Assistant Surgeon, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia
Refractive Disorders; Uveitis
William O. Robertson, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington
Medical Director, Washington Poison Center
Poisoning
G. Victor Rossi, PhD
Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Professor of Pharmacology, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Overview of Drugs; Adverse Drug Reactions; Drug Dynamics
Thomas M. Rossi, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Digestive Disorders
Robert J. Ruben, MD
Distinguished University Professor, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center
Throat Disorders
Albert A. Rundio, Jr., PhD
Associate Professor of Nursing, Drexel University of the Health Sciences
Prevention
Steven A. Sahn, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
Pleural Disorders
Tracey Schefter, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center
Radiation Injury
Charles A. Schiffer, MD
Professor of Medicine and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Leukemias
Rodney J. Schlosser, MD
Assistant Professor, Director of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina
Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses
H. Ralph Schumacher, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Director of Arthritis-Immunology Center, VA Medical Center, Philadelphia
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue; Vasculitic Disorders of Connective Tissue; Bone Disorders in Children; Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorders; Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Types of Inflammatory Arthritis Disorders
John T. Schulz III, MD, PhD
Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Attending Physician, Burn, Trauma, and General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Diverticular Disease
Yasmin Suzanne N. Senturias, MD
Postdoctoral Fellow of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine
Normal Preschool and School-Aged Children
Stewart Shankel, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine and Director of Clinical Medicine, University of California at Riverside
Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys
Jerome B. Simon, MD
Professor of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder; Clinical Manifestations of Liver Disease; Hepatitis; Liver Tumors
Arthur T. Skarin, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Attending Physician of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Lymphomas
Gordon L. Snider, MD
Maurice B. Strauss Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Bronchitis
Spotswood L. Spruance, MD
Professor of Medicine, Adjunct Professor of Dermatology, and Adjunct Professor of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah
Viral Infections
Scott Steidl, MD, DMA
Director of Vitreoretinal Disease, University of Maryland Medical Center
Retinal Disorders
E. Richard Stiehm, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Chief of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Matthew J. Stiller, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
Biology of the Skin; Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Disorders; Itching and Noninfectious Rashes; Acne; Hair Disorders; Sweating Disorders; Sunlight and Skin Damage; Pigment Disorders; Blistering Diseases
Albert J. Stunkard, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Obesity
Norman Sussman, MD
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine
Director of Psychopharmacology Research and Consultation Service, Bellevue Hospital Center
Depression and Mania
Paul H. Tanser, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), McMaster University
Medical Head of Cardiology, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
Cardiomyopathy
Annette Terebuh, MD
Mary Rutan Hospital, Bellefontaine, OH
Glaucoma
Josip Terebuh, MD
Eye Physician and Surgeon, Mary Rutan Hospital, Bellefontaine, OH
Glaucoma
Francoise Thierfelder, MD
Fellow of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine
Normal Preschool and School-Aged Children
B. Taylor Thompson, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Director of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Ronald G. Tompkins, MD, ScD
John F. Burke Professor of Surgery, Harvard University
Visiting Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
Gastrointestinal Emergencies; Diverticular Disease
Thomas N. Tozer, PhD
Professor (Emeritus) of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco
Drug Administration and Kinetics
Barbara Braunstein Wilson, MD
Edward P. Cawley Associate Professor of Dermatology, University of Virginia
Parasitic Skin Infections; Fungal Skin Infections; Viral Skin Infections
Marilyn Wright, MS, MPH
Director of Community Case Management, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
Pressure Sores
Thomas M. Zizic, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Codirector, Chesapeake Medical Research
Avascular Necrosis of the Bone
Additional Acknowledgments
Some entries contain information and text from even earlier versions.We recognize the important contributions of those contributors who made our previous versions a success.
Last full review/revision March 2010
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