We gratefully acknowledge the expertise of the contributors to our current online version. The subject(s) that they are responsible for are listed after their affiliations.

Bola Adamolekun, MD

Director of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center
Seizure Disorders

Neil B. Alexander, MD

Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Michigan
Associate Professor for Research; Director, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center
Falls

Roy D. Altman, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of California, Los Angeles
Paget's Disease of Bone; Joint Disorders

Mary Ann Anderson, PhD, RN

Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Quad Cities Regional Program
Provision of Care

Gerald L. Andriole, MD

Professor and Chief of Urologic Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine
Prostate Disorders

Parswa Ansari, MD

Assistant Program Director, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York
Anal and Rectal Disorders; Gastrointestinal Emergencies

Brian R. Apatoff, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College
Clinical Attending of Neurology, New York Presbyterian Hospital
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders

Noel A. Armenakas, MD

Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College
Attending Physician, Lenox Hill Hospital and New York Presbyterian Hospital
Injury to the Urinary Tract

J. Malcolm O. Arnold, MD

Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario
Cardiologist, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Center
Heart Failure; Cardiomyopathy

George L. Bakris, MD

Professor of Medicine and Director, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago-Pritzker School of Medicine
High Blood Pressure; Low Blood Pressure

David H. Barad, MD, MS

Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women's Health,, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
Director, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center for Human Reproduction
Symptoms of Gynecologic Disorders

Robert A. Barish, MD, MBA

Professor of Emergency Medicine, Chancellor, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport
Bites and Stings

John G. Bartlett, MD

Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Acute Bronchitis; Pneumonia; Abscess in the Lungs

Rosemary Basson, MD

Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Hospital
Sexual Dysfunction in Women

Mark H. Beers, MD (Deceased)

Clinical Professor of Medicine, Drexel University
The Human Body

Joshua O. Benditt, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington School of Medicine
Director of Respiratory Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center
Bronchiectasis and Atelectasis

James R. Berenson, MD

Medical and Scientific Director, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood
Plasma Cell Disorders

Richard W. Besdine, MD

Professor of Medicine, Greer Professor of Geriatric Medicine, and Director, Division of Geriatrics (Medicine) and of the Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
The Aging Body

Adil E. Bharucha, MBBS, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Albert W. Biglan, MD

Adjunct Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Staff Physician, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
Eye Disorders in Children

Joseph J. Biundo, MD

Clinical Professor of Medicine, Tulane Medical Center
Muscle, Bursa, and Tendon Disorders

Sean C. Blackwell, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
Pregnancy Complicated by Disease

Russell Blair, MD

Fellow, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Asthma

Marcy B. Bolster

Osteoporosis

Ann S. Botash, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
Child Neglect and Abuse

Alfred A. Bove, MD, PhD

Chief of Cardiology, Cardiology Section, Temple University School of Medicine
Diving and Compressed Air Injuries

Marjorie A. Bowman, MD, MPA

Professor and Founding Chair of Family Practice and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Making the Most of Health Care

Thomas G. Boyce, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Consultant in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Gastroenteritis

Joseph D. Brain, ScD

Drinker Professor of Environmental Physiology and Chair of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health
Biology of the Lungs and Airways

Peter C. Brazy, MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Tubular and Cystic Kidney Disorders

Jeremy S. Breit, MD

Fellow, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Asthma

Christian M. Briery, MD

Director of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport
Pregnancy at High-Risk

George R. Brown, MD

Professor and Associate Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, East Tennessee State University
Chief of Psychiatry, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center
Sexuality

Haywood L. Brown, MD

Roy T. Parker Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center
Normal Pregnancy; Normal Labor and Delivery

Rebecca H. Buckley, MD

J. Buren Sidbury Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine
Immunodeficiency Disorders

Jerrold T. Bushberg, PhD, DABMP

Clinical Professor of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
Radiation Injury

Juan R. Bustillo, MD

Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of New Mexico
Schizophrenia and Delusional Disorder

David B. Carr, MD

Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine–Older Adult Health Center
The Older Driver

Mary T. Caserta, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine
Attending Physician, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center
Viral Infections in Infants and Children

Bartolome R. Celli, MD

Professor of Medicine, Tufts University
Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Study, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center
Rehabilitation for Lung and Airway Disorders

Bruce A. Chabner, MD

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Clinical Director, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
Overview of Cancer; Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

Ian M. Chapman, MBBS, PhD

Associate Professor of Endocrinology, University of Adelaide, Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital
Pituitary Gland Disorders

William J. Cochran, MD

Vice Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA
Digestive Disorders in Children

Alan S. Cohen, MD

Distinguished Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Conrad Wessolhoeft Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Editor-in-Chief, Amyloid: The Journal of Protein Folding Disorders
Amyloidosis

Philip L. Cohen, MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Chief of Rheumatology Section, Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Autoimmune Disorders

Robert B. Cohen, DMD

Clinical Associate Professor of Dentistry and Practice Coordinator, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Lip and Tongue Disorders; Salivary Gland Disorders; Mouth Sores; Mouth Growths

Sidney Cohen, MD

Professor of Medicine and Director, Research Programs, Thomas Jefferson University
Peptic Disorders; Hiatus Hernia, Bezoars, and Foreign Bodies; Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder; Manifestations of Liver Disease; Hepatitis

Kathryn Colby, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School
Director, Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Symptoms of Eye Disorders; Diagnosis of Eye Disorders; Cataract; Injuries to the Eye

Daniel W. Collison, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Pressure Sores; Sweating Disorders; Noncancerous Skin Growths

Eve R. Colson, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine
Director, Well Newborn Nursery, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital
Preschool and School-Aged Children

Mary Ann Cooper, MD

Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
Electrical and Lightning Injuries

Bryan D. Cowan, MD

Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Fibroids

Jill P. Crandall, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Hypoglycemia

Emmett T. Cunningham, Jr., MD, PhD, MPH

Professor of Ophthalmology, Stanford University
Director, The Uveitis Service, California Pacific Medical Center and Clinic
Uveitis

Ralph E. Cutler, MD

Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Consultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VA Medical Center
Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract; Symptoms of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders; Diagnosis of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders

Patricia A. Daly, MD

Visiting Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Virginia
Clinical Endocrinologist, Front Royal Internal Medicine, VA
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

Daniel F. Danzl, MD

Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine
Cold Injuries

Norman L. Dean, MD

Fellow (Emeritus), American College of Chest Physicians
Lifetime Fellow, American College of Physicians
Drowning

Peter J. Delves, PhD

Professor of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
Biology of the Immune System; Allergic Reactions

Ara DerMarderosian, PhD

Professor of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry, Roth Chair of Natural Products, Scientific Director, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Institute, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Medicinal Herbs and Nutraceuticals

Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Director of Cornea/External Disease and Director of Refractive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Eye Center
Medical Director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Laser Center
Director and Founder, Center for Integrative Eye Care, University of Pittsburgh
Refractive Disorders

A. Damian Dhar, MD, JD

Private Practice, North Atlanta Dermatology
Bacterial Skin Infections; Fungal Skin Infections

Michael C. DiMarino, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
Esophageal Disorders; Diverticular Disease

James G. H. Dinulos, MD

Adjunct Associate Professor of Surgery (Dermatology), Dartmouth Medical School
Parasitic Skin Infections; Viral Skin Infections

Caroline Carney Doebbeling, MD, MSc

Chief Executive Officer, Cetan Health Consultants LLC, Indianapolis, IN
Chief Medical Officer, MDwise, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
Overview of Mental Health Care

Karl Doghramji, MD

Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Medical Director, Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University
Sleep Disorders

Jeffrey S. Dungan, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Genetic Disorders Detection

David Eidelberg, MD

Susan and Leonard Feinstein Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine
Director, Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore—Long Island Jewish Health System
Movement Disorders

Sherman Elias, MD

John J. Sciarra Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital of Northwestern Memorial Hospital
John J. Sciarra Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Chairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital of Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Genetic Disorders Detection

Jan Fawcett, MD

Professor of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Mood Disorders

Norah C. Feeny, PhD

Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University
Violence Against Women

James H. Fisher, MD

Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Pulmonary and Critical Care, Denver Health Medical Center
Symptoms of Lung Disorders; Diagnosis of Lung Disorders

Michael R. Foley, MD

Clinical Professor, University of Arizona School of Medicine
Medical Director for Academic Affairs, Scottsdale Healthcare
Drug Use During Pregnancy

Steven D. Freedman, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Director, The Pancreas Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Pancreatitis

Emil J Freireich, MD

Professor, Department of Leukemia, and Director, Adult Leukemia Research Programs, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
Leukemias

Eugene P. Frenkel, MD

Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research; Elaine Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research in honor of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Biology of Blood

Marvin P. Fried, MD

Professor and University Chairman, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Nose, Sinus, and Taste Disorders

Mitchell H. Friedlaender, MD

Adjunct Professor, The Scripps Research Institute
Head, Division of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic
Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders

Edmund F. Funai, MD

Associate Chair for Clinical Affairs, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine
Chief of Obstetrics, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Complications of Pregnancy

Matthew G. Fury, MD

Assistant Attending Physician, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Instructor, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cancer

Pierluigi Gambetti, MD

Professor and Director, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center, Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Case Western Reserve University
Prion Diseases

Sunir J. Garg, MD, FACS

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University
Assistant Surgeon, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Institute
Retinal Disorders

James Garrity, MD

Whitney and Betty MacMillan Professor of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic
Biology of the Eyes; Eyelid and Tearing Disorders; Optic Nerve Disorders; Eye Socket Disorders

Brian K. Gehlbach, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

David M. Gershenson, MD

Professor and Chairman, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and J. Taylor Wharton, MD, Distinguished Chair in Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System

Kenneth A. Getz, MBA

Senior Research Fellow, Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development
Founder and Chairman, The Center for Information and Study on Clinical Research Participation
The Science of Medicine and Clinical Trials

Elias A. Giraldo, MD, MS

Associate Professor and Director, Stroke Program, Drexel University College of Medicine
Stroke (CVA)

Anne Carol Goldberg, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
Cholesterol Disorders

Stephen E. Goldfinger, MD

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes

Steven A. Goldman, MD, PhD

Dean Zutes Chair and Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center
Adjunct Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Biology of the Nervous System

M. Jay Goodkind, MD

Associate Professor (Emeritus) of Clinical Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Chief of Cardiology (Retired), Mercer Medical Center
Heart Tumors

Carmen E. Gota, MD

Staff Physician, Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Vasculitic Disorders

John H. Greist, MD

Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health
Distinguished Senior Scientist, Madison Institute of Medicine, Inc.
Anxiety Disorders

Ashley B. Grossman, MD

Professor of Neuroendocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The London School of Medicine, London
Adrenal Gland Disorders

John G. Gunderson, MD

Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
Director, Psychosocial and Personality Research, Borderline Personality Disorder Center, McLean Hospital
Personality Disorders

Rula A. Hajj-ali, MD

Staff Physician, Center of Vasculitis Care and Research, Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue

Jesse B. Hall, MD

Professor of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care and Section Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Judith G. Hall, MD

Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
Genetics

John W. Hallett, Jr., MD

Clinical Professor of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
Medical Director and Vascular Surgeon, Roper St. Francis Heart and Vascular Center
Peripheral Arterial Disease; Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection

R. Phillips Heine, MD

Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University
Symptoms During Pregnancy; Symptoms During Pregnancy

Susan L. Hendrix, DO

Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan State University School of Osteopathic Medicine
Partner, Hutzel Women's Hospital at the Detroit Medical Center
Menopause

Steven K. Herrine, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Thomas Jefferson University
Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs, Jefferson Medical College
Tumors of the Liver

Jerome M. Hershman, MD

Distinguished Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles
Associate Chief, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division , Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System
Thyroid Gland Disorders

Martin Hertl, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Surgical Director, Liver Transplantation Program, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation

Paula J. Adams Hillard, MD

Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati
Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Diagnosis of Gynecologic Disorders

Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, MD

Harry K. Davis Professor, Titus H. Harris Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Suicidal Behavior

Brian D. Hoit, MD

Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University
Director of Echocardiography, Harrington-McLaughlin Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center
Pericardial Disease

Waun Ki Hong, MD

American Cancer Society Professor and Samsung Distinguished University Chair in Cancer Medicine; Professor of Medicine, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, and Head, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center
Cancer of the Lungs

Juebin Huang, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center
Brain Dysfunction; Delirium and Dementia

Daniel A. Hussar, PhD

Remington Professor of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Factors Affecting Response to Drugs; Adherence to Drug Treatment; Over-the-Counter Drugs

Masayoshi Itoh, MD, MPH

Clinical Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Consultant, Coler/Goldwater Specialty Hospital and Nursing Facility
Rehabilitation

Michael Jacewicz, MD

Professor of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Assistant Chief of Neurology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis
Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders; Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders; Diagnosis of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders; Dizziness and Vertigo; Brain Infections; Meningitis; Nose, Sinus, and Taste Disorders

Harry S. Jacob, MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School
Editor-in-Chief, Hematology/Oncology Today
Spleen Disorders

Jon A. Jacobson, MD

Associate Professor of Radiology, University of Michigan
Common Imaging Tests

Larry E. Johnson, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Geriatrics and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Attending Physician, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
Vitamins; Minerals; Electrolyte Balance

Robert G. Johnson, MD

C. Rollins Hanlon Professor and Chair, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Surgery

Brian D. Johnston

Director of EducationInternational Association of Resistance Trainers, Ontario
Director of EducationPrescribed Exercise Clinics, Ontario
Exercise and Fitness

Hugh F. Johnston, MD

Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Office of Continuing Medical Education, University of Wisconsin Medical School
Medical Director, Bureau of Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Mental Health Disorders in Children

Thomas V. Jones, MD, MPH

Director, Inflammatory Diseases, Specialty Care Unit, Pfizer
Medical Decision Making

Nicholas Jospe, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Diabetes Mellitus in Children(DM)

Michael J. Joyce, MD

Associate Clinical Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University
Orthopaedic Surgeon, Cleveland Clinic
Bone and Joint Tumors

Fran E. Kaiser, MD

Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Saint Louis University
Executive Medical Director, Merck & Co., Inc.
Sexual Dysfunction in Men

Anand D. Kantak, MD

Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown
Director, Division of Neonatology, Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Children

Harold S. Kaplan, MD

Professor of Clinical Pathology, Columbia University
Director of Transfusion Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center
Blood Transfusion

Justin L. Kaplan, MD

Senior Assistant Editor, The Merck Manuals, Merck & Co., Inc.
Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson Medical School
First Aid

Paul R. Katz, MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine
Medical Director, Monroe Community Hospital
Director, Finger Lakes Geriatric Education Center of Upstate New York
Associate Chief of Staff/Research, Canandaigua VA Medical Center
Long-Term Care

Talmadge E. King, Jr., MD

Chief, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Julius R. Krevans Distinguished Professorship in Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Interstitial Lung Diseases

Preeti Kishore, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

James P. Knochel, MD

Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Past Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas
Heat Disorders

Karen Birckelbaw Kopacek, BS Pharm

Clinical Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy
Administration and Kinetics of Drugs

Arthur E. Kopelman, MD

Professor of Pediatrics and Neonatology (Emeritus), The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Problems in Newborns

David N. Korones, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Oncology, and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center
Childhood Cancers

Steven H. Kroft, MD

Associate Professor of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin
Director of Hematopathology, Dynacare Laboratories/Froedtert Hospital
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders

Mark S. Lachs, MD, MPH

Irene F. and I. Roy Psaty Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Director of Geriatrics, New York Presbyterian Health System
Elder Mistreatment

Jules Y. T. Lam, MD, FRCP(C)

Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Montreal
Cardiologist, Montreal Heart Institute
Atherosclerosis

Lewis Landsberg, MD

Irving S. Cutter Professor of Medicine and Dean (Emeritus), Northwestern University
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

Ruth A. Lawrence, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Director of Normal Newborn Nursery, Strong Memorial Hospital
Newborns and Infants

Mathew H. M. Lee, MD

Howard A. Rusk Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine and Chairman, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Rehabilitation

Wendy S. Levinbook, MD

Private Practice, Hartford Dermatology Associates
Hair Disorders

Matthew E. Levison, MD

Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Professor School of Public Health, Drexel University
Bacterial Infections; Antibiotics

Sharon Levy, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research, Children's Hospital, Boston
Adolescents; Problems in Adolescents

James L. Lewis, III, MD

Nephrology Associates, P.C. of Birmingham
Water Balance; Acid-Base Balance

Alan E. Lichtin, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve
Staff Physician, Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Cleveland Clinic
Anemia

Paul L. Liebert, MD

Private Practice, Tomah Memorial Hospital, Tomah, WI
Sports Injuries

Richard W. Light, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Pleural Disorders

Gregory S. Liptak, MD, MPH

Professor of Pediatrics and Director, Center for Development, Behavior, and Genetics, Upstate Medical University
Birth Defects; Chromosomal and Genetic Abnormalities

Elliot M. Livstone, MD

Attending Physician, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, FL
Tumors of the Digestive System

Phillip Low, MD

Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders

Paul D. Lui, MD

Associate Professor of Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Biology of the Male Reproductive System; Penile and Testicular Disorders

Joanne Lynn, MD, MA, MS

Clinical Improvement Expert, Colorado Foundation for Medical Care
Senior Researcher, RAND Health, Arlington
Bureau Chief, Chronic Disease and Cancer, Community Health Administration, Department of Health, Washington, DC
Death and Dying

Robert J. MacNeal, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of General Internal Medicine and Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
Biology of the Skin; Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Disorders; Sunlight and Skin Damage

Kenneth Maiese, MD

Professor and Chair, Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey Health Sciences University
Stupor and Coma; Head Injuries

Scott Manaker, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Medicine; Vice Chair for Regulatory Affairs, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System
Shock

James F. Markmann, MD, PhD

Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Clinical Director, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation

John T. McBride, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown
Vice-Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Children

Margaret C. McBride, MD

Professor of Pediatrics (Neurology), Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown
Director, Neurodevelopmental Center, Akron Children's Hospital
Neurologic Disorders in Children

Daniel J. McCarty, MD

Will and Cava Ross Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Medical College of Wisconsin
Gout and Pseudogout

J. Allen McCutchan, MD, MSc

Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego
Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Infection; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Daniel E. McGinley-Smith, MD

Private Practice, New England Dermatology, Lebanon, NH
Staff Dermatologist, New London Hospital
Pigment Disorders

Karen McKoy, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor in Clinical Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
Senior Staff, Group Practice, Department of Dermatology, Lahey Clinic, Medical Center
Acne

James I. McMillan, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University
Chief of Nephrology Section, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Kidney Failure; Dialysis

S. Gene McNeeley, MD

Chief of Gynecology, Hutzel Women's Hospital
Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hutzel Women's Health Specialists
Pelvic Floor Disorders; Noncancerous Gynecologic Abnormalities

Noshir R. Mehta, DMD, MDS, MS

Professor and Chairman of General Dentistry; Assistant Dean, International Relations; and Director, Craniofacial Pain Center, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Temporomandibular Disorders

Daniel R. Mishell, Jr., MD

The Lyle G. McNeile Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
Chief Physician, Women's and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center
Family Planning

L. Brent Mitchell, MD

Professor and Head, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary
Director, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary Health Region and University of Calgary
Abnormal Heart Rhythms

Richard T. Miyamoto, MD

Arilla Spence DeVault Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine
Middle and Inner Ear Disorders

Joel L. Moake, MD

Senior Research Scientist, Rice University
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Baylor College of Medicine
Bleeding and Clotting Disorders

Julie S. Moldenhauer, MD

Attending Physician, The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Complications of Labor and Delivery; Postdelivery Period

Pekka Mooar, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine
Biology of the Musculoskeletal System

John E. Morley, MB, BCh

Dammert Professor of Gerontology and Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University Medical Center
Director, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, St. Louis VA Medical Center
Biology of the Endocrine System

Angela Cafiero Moroney, PharmD

Senior Clinical Science Manager and Global Pharmaceutical research and Development, Abbott Laboratories
Drug Dynamics

John Morrison, MD

Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Professor of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Pregnancy at High-Risk

David F. Murchison, DDS, MMS

Clinical Professor, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry
Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas
Urgent Dental Problems

Edward A. Nardell, MD

Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Tuberculosis and Leprosy

Linda P. Nelson, DMD, MScD

Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Associate Pediatric Dentist, Children's Hospital
Biology of the Mouth

John H. Newman, MD

Elsa S. Hanigan Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Pulmonary Embolism (PE); Pulmonary Hypertension

Lee S. Newman, MD, MA

Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver
Environmental Lung Diseases; Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases of the Lungs

Patrick G. O'Connor, MD, MPH

Professor of Medicine; Chief, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
Drug Use and Abuse

Gerald F. O'Malley, DO

Clinical Research Director, Thomas Jefferson University
Poisoning

Joseph G. Ouslander, MD

Professor of Medicine and Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Emory University School of Medicine
Urinary Incontinence

James T. Pacala, MD, MS

Associate Professor and Distinguished University Teaching Professor, Family Practice and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School
Prevention

Robert M. Palmer, MD, MPH

Visiting Professor of Medicine and Clinical Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
Hospital Care

Elizabeth J. Palumbo, MD

Private Practice, The Pediatric Group, Fairfax, VA
Problems in Infants and Very Young Children

Richard D. Pearson, MD

Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Associate Dean for Student Affairs, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Parasitic Infections

Lawrence L. Pelletier, Jr., MD

Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine
Staff Physician, Robert J. Dole VA Medical and Regional Office Center, Wichita
Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine
Infective Endocarditis

Frank Pessler, MD, PhD

Pediatric Rheumatologist, Klinik und Polyklinik für Kinder und Jagendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Bone Disorders in Children; Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorders; Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

Stephen P. Peters, MD, PhD

Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, and Associate Director, Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Asthma

Hart Peterson, MD

Clinical Professor of Neurology in Pediatrics (Retired), Cornell University
Attending Neurologist and Pediatrician (Retired), New York Hospital
Cerebral Palsy (CP)

William A. Petri, Jr., MD, PhD

Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiology and Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Rickettsial and Related Infections

Katharine A. Phillips, MD

Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hosital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Somatoform Disorders

Harold C. Pillsbury, III, MD

Thomas J. Dark Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat

JoAnn V. Pinkerton, MD

Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Director, Division of Midlife Health, University of Virginia Health System
Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Russell K. Portenoy, MD

Professor of Neurology and Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Chairman, Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center
Pain

Carol S. Portlock, MD

Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell University Medical College
Attending Physician, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Lymphomas

Michael Pourfar, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Movement Disorders

Josef T. Prchal, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center
Myeloproliferative Disorders

Glenn M. Preminger, MD

Director, Duke Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Duke University Medical Center
Professor and Chief, Duke University Medical Center
Obstruction of the Urinary Tract; Stones in the Urinary Tract

Sally Pullman-Mooar, MD

Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania
Chief, Department of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Low Back and Neck Pain

Pedro T. Ramirez, MD

Assistant Professor, Gynecologic Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System

Robert W. Rebar, MD

Executive Director, American Society for Reproductive Medicine
Volunteer Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham
Endometriosis; Infertility

Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH

Clinical Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia
Nail Disorders

Douglas J. Rhee, MD

Assistant Professor, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School
Glaucoma

Melvin I. Roat, MD. FACS

Clinical Associate Professor, Wills Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Corneal Disorders

James R. Roberts, MD

Professor and Vice Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine and Director, Division of Toxicology, Mercy Catholic Medical Center
Fractures

Austin S. Rose, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat

Peter L. Rosenblatt, MD

Assistant Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School
Director of Urogynecology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Biology of the Female Reproductive System

Beryl J. Rosenstein, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Hospital, Cystic Fibrosis Center
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Steven Rosenzweig, MD

Clinical Associate Professor, Drexel University College of Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Robert J. Ruben, MD

Distinguished University Professor, Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center
Hearing Loss and Deafness; Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children

Fred H. Rubin, MD

Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Shadyside
Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Immunization

Michael Rubin, MDCM

Professor of Clinical Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College
Director, Neuromuscular Service and EMG Laboratory, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center
Spinal Cord Disorders; Peripheral Nerve Disorders; Cranial Nerve Disorders; Muscular Dystrophies and Related Disorders

Atenodoro R. Ruiz, Jr., MD

Attending Physician, Department of Medicine Gastroenterology, Kaiser-Permanente, Santa Clara
Malabsorption

J. Mark Ruscin, PharmD

Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy
Aging and Drugs

Julie E. Russak, MD

Melanoma Fellow, Rigel Dermatology (Private Practice Associated with New York University Medical Center)
Blistering Diseases

Paul S. Russell, MD

John Homans Distinguished Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Senior Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation

Charles Sabatino, JD

Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center
Director, Commission on Law and Aging, American Bar Association
Legal and Ethical Issues

David B. Sachar, MD

Clinical Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Director (Emeritus), Dr. Henry D. Janovitz Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount Sinai Hospital
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD); Clostridium difficile-Induced Colitis

Seyed-Ali Sadjadi, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Kidney Filtering Disorders; Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys

Lee M. Sanders, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Holtz Children's Hospital
Hereditary Metabolic Disorders

Christopher Sanford, MD, MPH, DTM&H

Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington
Co-Director, Travel Clinic, Hall Health Center, University of Washington
Travel and Health

Clarence T. Sasaki, MD

The Charles W. Oshe Professor of Surgery and Chief of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine
Director, Head and Neck Tumor Board, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center
Throat Disorders

Erik Schaffer, CP

President, A Step Ahead Prosthetics, Hicksville, NY
Limb Prosthetics

Peter C. Schalock, MD

Instructor in Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
Assistant in Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital
Itching and Noninfectious Rashes

Steven Schmitt, MD

Head, Section of Bone and Joint Infections, Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic
Bone and Joint Infections

Eldon A. Shaffer, MD

Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
Diagnosis of Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Disorders; Fatty Liver, Cirrhosis, and Related Disorders; Blood Vessel Disorders of the Liver; Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders

Nicholas J. Shaheen, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Director, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina Hospitals
Biology of the Digestive System; Symptoms and Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders

Stewart Shankel, MD

Clinical Professor of Medicine and Director of Clinical Medicine, University of California, Riverside
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

William R. Shapiro, MD

Professor of Clinical Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
Chief, Neuro-oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute
Chief, Neuro-oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute
Tumors of the Nervous System

David D. Sherry, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
Director, Clinical Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Bone Disorders in Children; Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorders; Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

Stephen D. Silberstein, MD

Professor of Neurology, Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University;
Director, Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Headaches

Harold M. Silverman, PharmD

Editor-in-Chief, The Pill Book
Trade-Name and Generic Drugs

Daphne Simeon, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Dissociative Disorders

Ashish C. Sinha, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome

Donna L. Skerrett, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Director of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Weill Cornell Medical College
Blood Transfusion

Richard V. Smith, MD

Vice Chair, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Director, Head & Neck Service, Montefiore Medical Center
Nose and Throat Cancers

David E. Soper, MD

Professor and Vice Chairman for Clinical Affairs, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina
Vaginal Infections and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

David R. Steinberg, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Director, Hand & Upper Extremity Fellowship, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
Hand Disorders

Marvin E. Steinberg, MD

Professor (Emeritus) of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Osteonecrosis

Kingman P. Strohl, MD

Professor of Medicine and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Medical Center
Director, Center for Sleep Disorders Research, Case Western Reserve University
Sleep Apnea

Albert J. Stunkard, MD

Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Eating Disorders

Alan M. Sugar, MD

Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Boston University School of Medicine
Medical Director, Infectious Disease Clinical Services and HIV/AIDS Program, Cape Cod Healthcare
Fungal Infections

Stephen Brian Sulkes, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Behavioral and Developmental Problems in Young Children; Learning and Developmental Disorders

David A. Swanson, MD

Clinical Professor, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

Moira Szilagyi, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester
Medical Director, Starlight Pediatrics, Monroe County Health Department
Social Issues Affecting Children and Their Families

Paul H. Tanser, MD

Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), McMaster University
Medical Cardiologist, North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Auckland
Medical Consultant, North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Aukland
Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels; Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders; Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders; Heart Valve Disorders

Joan B. Tarloff, PhD

Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Adverse Drug Reactions

Mary Territo, MD

Professor of Medicine, Director of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles
White Blood Cell Disorders

David R. Thomas, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center
Undernutrition

Elizabeth Chabner Thompson, MD, MPH

Private Practice, New York Group for Plastic Surgery
Overview of Cancer; Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

Stig Thunell, MD, PhD

Professor, Karolinska Institute
Senior Consultant, Porphyria Center Sweden, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm
Porphyrias

Courtney M. Townsend, Jr., MD

Professor and John Woods Harris Distinguished Chairman, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Carcinoid Tumors

Oren Traub, MD, PhD

Attending Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Pacific Medical Centers and University of Washington
The Science of Medicine and Clinical Trials

Amal Trivedi, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor of Community Health, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Investigator, REAP On Outcomes and Quality in Chronic Disease and Rehabilitation, Providence VA Medical Center
Health Care Coverage for Older People

Anne S. Tsao, MD

Assistant Professor, Director, Mesothelioma Program; Director, Thoracic Chemo-radiation Program, Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Cancer of the Lungs

Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD

Chair, Department of Medicin, Monmouth Medical Center
Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Biology of Infectious Disease

Alexander G.G. Turpie, MD

Professor of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences General Hospital
Venous Disorders; Lymphatic Disorders

James T. Ubertalli, DMD

Assistant Clinical Professor, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Private Practice, Hingham, MA
Tooth Disorders; Periodontal Diseases

Marguerite A. Urban, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine
Viral Infections

Eva M. Vivian, PharmD

Clinical Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy
Overview of Drugs

Victor G. Vogel, MD, MHS

National Vice President for Research, American Cancer Society
Breast Disorders

Aaron E. Walfish, MD

Clinical Assistant Attending, Division of Digestive Diseases, Beth Israel Medical Center
Clinical Instructor, Mount Sinai Medical Center
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD); Clostridium difficile-Induced Colitis

James Wayne Warnica, MD

Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiac Science, University of Calgary
Director, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Foothills Medical Centre
Coronary Artery Disease

Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Director, Pediatric HIV Program, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center
Bacterial Infections in Infants and Children

Gregory L. Wells, MD

Resident in Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Skin Cancers

John B. West, MD, PhD, DSc

Professor of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego
Altitude Illness

Terrie Fox Wetle, MS, PhD

Associate Dean of Medicine for Public Health and Professor, Department of Community Health, Division of Biology and Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Professor, Department of Community Health, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University
Coping With Changes Related to Aging

Kendrick Alan Whitney, DPM

Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine and Orthopedics, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine
Foot Problems

Margaret-Mary G. Wilson, MD

Medical Director, Health Services, United Healthcare, Maryland Heights
Overview of Nutrition; Disorders of Unknown Cause

Robert A. Wise, MD

Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Steven E. Wolf, MD

Betty and Bob Kelso Distinguished Chair in Burns and Trauma, Vice Chair for Research and Professor, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Chief, Clinical Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research
Burns

Eiji Yanagisawa, MD

Clinical Professor of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine
Outer Ear Disorders

Heidi Yeh, MD

Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Assistant in Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation

Adrienne Youdim, MD

Director, Medical Weight Loss, Cedars-Sinai Center for Weight Loss
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome

Lowell S. Young, MD

Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco
Director, Kuzell Institute, California Pacific Medical Center
Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Septic Shock

Contributors to Previous Version of Select Subjects

We recognize the important contributions of the following contributors who were involved with the previous version of a subject that has since undergone an update/revision. The subject(s) that they were responsible for are listed after their affiliations.

David B. Acker, MD

Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard University
Chief of Obstetrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Normal Labor and Delivery; Complications of Labor and Delivery; Postdelivery Period

James K. Alexander, MD

Professor of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
Pulmonary Embolism

Timothy Aliff, MD

Clinical Assistant, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cancer

Karl E. Anderson, MD

Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Porphyrias

John A. Astin, PhD

Scientist, California Pacific Medical Center
Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Ercem S. Atillasoy, MD

Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Departments of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University and Yale University School of Medicine
Senior Director, Merck & Co., Inc.
Noncancerous Skin Growths; Skin Cancers

Hervy E. Averette, MD

Professor of Clinical Oncology, University of Miami; American Cancer Society Professor and Sylvester Professor of Gynecologic Oncology
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System

Gabriele M. Barthlen, MD

Technische Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany
Sleep Disorders

Nir Barzilai, MD

Director of Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Hypoglycemia; Diabetes Mellitus

Brian M. Berman, MD

Professor of Family Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Director, University of Maryland Complementary Medicine Program
Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Lewis E. Braverman, MD

Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Chief, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center
Thyroid Gland Disorders

Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc

Professor of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine
Outer Ear Disorders

J. Raymond Buncic, MD

Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto
Ophthalmologist-in-Chief, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Eye Disorders in Children

John F. Burke, MD

Helen Andrus Benedict Professor of Surgery (Emeritus), Harvard University
Chief of Trauma Services (Emeritus), Massachusetts General Hospital
Burns

John J. Caronna, MD

Professor of Clinical Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Attending Neurologist, New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Stroke; Head Injuries; Stupor and Coma

William D. Chey, MD

Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Director of Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, University of Michigan Health System
Hiatus Hernia, Bezoars, and Foreign Bodies; Peptic Disorders

David Christiani, MD

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Professor of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health
Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
Occupational Lung Diseases

Ralph E. Cutler, MD

Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Consultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VA Medical Center
Male Reproductive System; Kidney Failure

Anne L. Davis, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Attending Physician, Bellevue Hospital Center
Atelectasis; Bronchiectasis

Ronald Dee, MD

Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Attending Surgeon, The Stamford Hospital
Venous Disorders; Lymphatic Disorders

Eugene P. DiMagno, MD

Professor of Medicine, Mayo Medical School
Consultant of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Pancreatitis

George E. Downs, PharmD

Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Dean, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Drug Names: Generic and Trade

Douglas A. Drossman, MD

Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry and Codirector of Center for Functional and Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Biology of the Digestive System; Symptoms and Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders

Nancy Neveloff Dubler, LLB

Professor of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Director, Division of Bioethics, Montefiore Medical Center
Legal and Ethical Issues

John E. Edwards, Jr., MD

Professor of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine
Chief of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Fungal Infections

Elizabeth A. Erwin, MD

Fellow, University of Virginia
Allergic Reactions

Walter H. Ettinger, MD

Executive Vice President, Virtua Health, Inc.
Biology of the Musculoskeletal System

E. Dale Everett, MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia
Bacterial Skin Infections

Harrison W. Farber, MD

Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Pulmonary Hypertension

Wayne S. Fenton, MD

National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
Schizophrenia and Delusional Disorder

Andrew J. Fletcher, MB, BChir

Adjunct Professor of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Temple University School of Pharmacy
Genetics

Arnold S. Freedman, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Lymphomas

Eugene P. Frenkel, MD

Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research; Elaine Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research in honor of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Anemia; Overview of Cancer

Mitchell H. Friedlaender, MD

Adjunct Professor, The Scripps Research Institute
Head of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla
Eyelid and Tear Gland Disorders

Steven M. Fruchtman, MD

Director, Myeloproliferative Disease Program and Director (Emeritus) of Stem Cell Transplant, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York
Associate Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Myeloproliferative Disorders

Glen O. Gabbard, MD

Professor of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine
Overview of Mental Health Care

Marc Galanter, MD

Professor of Psychiatry and Director of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, New York University School of Medicine
Drug Use and Abuse

Bruce J. Gantz, MD

Professor and Head, Department of Otolaryngolog—Head and Neck Surgery, and Brian F. McCabe Distinguished Chair in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Middle and Inner Ear Disorders

Tobin N. Gerhart, MD

Assistant Clinical Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Fractures

Robert H. Gelber, MD

Clinical Professor of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco
Leprosy

John P. Glazer, MD

Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics and Director of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center
Mental Health Disorders in Children

Barry Steven Gold, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Bites and Stings

Michael F. Greene, MD

Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School
Director of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
Normal Pregnancy; High-Risk Pregnancy

H. Roger Hadley, MD

Professor of Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Chief of Urology, Loma Linda University Medical Center
Urinary Incontinence

Susan L. Hendrix, DO

Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Principal Investigator and Director of Women's Health Initiative, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Vaginal Infections; Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding; Fibroids; Pelvic Floor Disorders; Sexual Dysfunction

Alan T. Hirsch, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine and Radiology, Vascular Medicine Program, Minnesota Vascular Diseases Center, University of Minnesota Medical School
Peripheral Arterial Disease

Paul D. Hoeprich, MD

Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
Bacterial Infections

Charles S. Houston, MD

Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), University of Vermont College of Medicine
Cold Injuries; Heat Disorders; Altitude Illness

Steven Jonas, MD, MPH, MS

Professor of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Exercise and Fitness

Nicholas Jospe, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Hereditary Disorders of Metabolism

David W. Kennedy, MD

Professor and Chairman of Otorhinolaryngology, Vice Dean for Professional Affairs, University of Pennsylvania
Senior Vice President, University of Pennsylvania Health System
Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses

Richard P. Kluft, MD

Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Temple University School of Medicine
Amnesia and Related Disorders

Cheryl M. Kodjo, MD, MPH

Senior Instructor in Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Rochester
Normal Adolescents; Problems in Adolescents

Nancy Ebbesmeyer Lanphear, MD

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Behavioral and Developmental Problems in Young Children

Amy Lee, MD

Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
Overview of Nutrition

Daniel Levinson, MD

Associate Professor (Emeritus) of Family and Community Medicine and Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine
Travel and Health

James L. Lewis III, MD

Nephrology Associates, PC, Birmingham
Minerals and Electrolytes

Lewis A. Lipsitz, MD

Professor and Director, Harvard Division on Aging
Usen Codirector, Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Research and Training Institute, Boston
Chief, Gerontology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Low Blood Pressure

Paul D. Lui, MD

Associate Professor of Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Prostate Disorders

Maren L. Mahowald, MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota
Chief of Rheumatology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center
Bone and Joint Infections

Gerald L. Mandell, MD

Owen R. Cheatham Professor of the Sciences and Professor of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Center
Biology of Infectious Disease

Edward R. Marcantonio, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Director of Quality and Outcomes Research, Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged
Delirium and Dementia

Richard J. Martin, MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Head of Pulmonary Division and Vice Chair of Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center
Asthma

Alfonse T. Masi, MD, DrPH

Professor of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
Professor of Epidemiology, University of Illinois School of Public Health
Disorders of Muscles, Bursas, and Tendons

Richard G. Masson, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine
Chief of Pulmonary Medicine, Framingham Union Hospital
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Lung Disorders; Respiratory Failure

Daniel L. Menkes, MD

Associate Professor of Neurology and Director of Clinical Neurophysiology Services, University of Tennessee, Memphis
Seizure Disorders

Pamela A. Moalli, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Assistant Professor, Magee-Womens Hospital
Biology of the Female Reproductive System

Mark Monane, MD, MS

Adjunct Associate Clinical Professor, Rutgers College of Pharmacy
Principal, Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Needham and Company, Inc., New York
Drugs and Aging

Pekka Mooar, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine
Sports Injuries

David F. Murchison, DDS, MMS

Colonel, USAF, DC
Director, Air Force Dental Operations, USAF Dental Service, Lackland-Kelly Air Force Base
Tooth Disorders

John D. Norante, MD

Associate Professor of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children

J. D. Overton, DDS

Private Dental Practice, Biloxi, MS
Urgent Dental Problems

Dhavalkumar D. Patel, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Medicine and Chief of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Duke University Medical Center
Biology of the Immune System

Sidney F. Phillips, MD

Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Karl F. and Marjory Hasselmann Professor of Research, Mayo Medical School
Consultant, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Bowel Movement Disorders

Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills, MD

Professor of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Head of Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia
Allergic Reactions

Jerome B. Posner, MD

Professor of Neurology and Neurosciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Attending Neurologist, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Low Back Pain

Douglas J. Pritchard, MD

Consultant of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Bone Tumors

Mirza I. Rahman, MD, MPH

Adjunct Professor of Pharmacoepidemiology, Temple University School of Pharmacy
Director, Medical Services, Merck & Co., Inc.
Prevention

Jeffrey B. Reich, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College
Headaches

Norman R. Relkin, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College
Director, Cornell Memory Disorders Program, New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Brain Dysfunction

Hal B. Richerson, MD

Professor of Internal Medicine (Emeritus), University of Iowa
Allergic Diseases of the Lungs

Joel E. Richter, MD

Professor of Medicine, Ohio State University Health Science Center at the Cleveland Clinic
Chair of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Disorders of the Esophagus

Melvin I. Roat, MD

Assistant Surgeon, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia
Refractive Disorders; Uveitis

William O. Robertson, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington
Medical Director, Washington Poison Center
Poisoning

G. Victor Rossi, PhD

Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Professor of Pharmacology, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Overview of Drugs; Adverse Drug Reactions; Drug Dynamics

Thomas M. Rossi, MD

Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Digestive Disorders

Robert J. Ruben, MD

Distinguished University Professor, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center
Throat Disorders

Albert A. Rundio, Jr., PhD

Associate Professor of Nursing, Drexel University of the Health Sciences
Prevention

Steven A. Sahn, MD

Professor of Medicine and Director of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
Pleural Disorders

Tracey Schefter, MD

Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center
Radiation Injury

Charles A. Schiffer, MD

Professor of Medicine and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Leukemias

Rodney J. Schlosser, MD

Assistant Professor, Director of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina
Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses

H. Ralph Schumacher, Jr., MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Director of Arthritis-Immunology Center, VA Medical Center, Philadelphia
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue; Vasculitic Disorders of Connective Tissue; Bone Disorders in Children; Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorders; Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Types of Inflammatory Arthritis Disorders

John T. Schulz III, MD, PhD

Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Attending Physician, Burn, Trauma, and General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Diverticular Disease

Yasmin Suzanne N. Senturias, MD

Postdoctoral Fellow of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine
Normal Preschool and School-Aged Children

Stewart Shankel, MD

Clinical Professor of Medicine and Director of Clinical Medicine, University of California at Riverside
Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys

Jerome B. Simon, MD

Professor of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder; Clinical Manifestations of Liver Disease; Hepatitis; Liver Tumors

Arthur T. Skarin, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Attending Physician of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Lymphomas

Gordon L. Snider, MD

Maurice B. Strauss Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Bronchitis

Spotswood L. Spruance, MD

Professor of Medicine, Adjunct Professor of Dermatology, and Adjunct Professor of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah
Viral Infections

Scott Steidl, MD, DMA

Director of Vitreoretinal Disease, University of Maryland Medical Center
Retinal Disorders

E. Richard Stiehm, MD

Professor of Pediatrics and Chief of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA
Immunodeficiency Disorders

Matthew J. Stiller, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
Biology of the Skin; Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Disorders; Itching and Noninfectious Rashes; Acne; Hair Disorders; Sweating Disorders; Sunlight and Skin Damage; Pigment Disorders; Blistering Diseases

Albert J. Stunkard, MD

Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Obesity

Norman Sussman, MD

Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine
Director of Psychopharmacology Research and Consultation Service, Bellevue Hospital Center
Depression and Mania

Paul H. Tanser, MD

Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), McMaster University
Medical Head of Cardiology, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
Cardiomyopathy

Annette Terebuh, MD

Mary Rutan Hospital, Bellefontaine, OH
Glaucoma

Josip Terebuh, MD

Eye Physician and Surgeon, Mary Rutan Hospital, Bellefontaine, OH
Glaucoma

Francoise Thierfelder, MD

Fellow of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine
Normal Preschool and School-Aged Children

B. Taylor Thompson, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Director of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Ronald G. Tompkins, MD, ScD

John F. Burke Professor of Surgery, Harvard University
Visiting Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
Gastrointestinal Emergencies; Diverticular Disease

Thomas N. Tozer, PhD

Professor (Emeritus) of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco
Drug Administration and Kinetics

Barbara Braunstein Wilson, MD

Edward P. Cawley Associate Professor of Dermatology, University of Virginia
Parasitic Skin Infections; Fungal Skin Infections; Viral Skin Infections

Marilyn Wright, MS, MPH

Director of Community Case Management, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
Pressure Sores

Thomas M. Zizic, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Codirector, Chesapeake Medical Research
Avascular Necrosis of the Bone

Additional Acknowledgments

Some entries contain information and text from even earlier versions.We recognize the important contributions of those contributors who made our previous versions a success.

Last full review/revision March 2010