Clavicle fractures occur commonly after a fall on an outstretched arm or after a direct blow. Because the clavicle lies just under the skin and has little muscle covering, swelling and deformity are easily seen after a fracture. Most of these injuries involve the middle third of the bone and are immobilized with a sling. Surgery is occasionally needed.

Another clavicle injury involves partial or complete separation of the outer part of the clavicle from its attachment to the rest of the shoulder. This attachment is the acromioclavicular joint, so the injury is called an acromioclavicular separation or sprain or injury. It is sometimes called a shoulder separation. It usually results from a fall onto the outside of the shoulder. The injury is usually painful but not serious. No surgery is required unless it is severe. Sometimes the end of the clavicle sticks up from its attachment, resulting in a permanent bump that may be seen or felt.

Last full review/revision December 2008 by James R. Roberts, MD