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Excess body hair, particularly on the face (on the upper lip, chin, or sideburns area), trunk (around the nipples or on the chest or lower abdomen), and limbs, is called hirsutism. Excessive hairiness may not seem like a gynecologic disorder, but it is considered one because it usually results from high levels of male hormones. Sometimes other masculine traits, such as a deepened voice and increased muscle size, develop—a condition called virilization.
Causes
The most common cause of hirsutism is polycystic ovary syndrome (see Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome). Hirsutism is common among postmenopausal women because levels of female hormones decrease. Rarely, hirsutism is due to a disorder of the pituitary gland or adrenal glands that results in overproduction of male hormones (such as testosterone). Rarely, hirsutism results from tumors in the ovaries, porphyria cutanea tarda (an enzyme deficiency that affects the skin), or use of certain drugs, such as anabolic steroids, corticosteroids, or minoxidil.
Evaluation and Treatment
Blood tests may be done to measure hormone levels.
The disorder causing hirsutism is treated when possible, often with hormone therapy such as oral contraceptives. Drugs that may be the cause are stopped.
Excess hair can be temporarily removed by shaving, plucking, waxing, and using depilatories. Eflornithine, a topical cream available by prescription, is sometimes helpful. It can slow the growth of hair, causing a gradual reduction of unwanted facial hair. Laser phototherapy is temporarily effective. The only safe permanent treatment is electrolysis, which destroys hair follicles.
Last full review/revision March 2007 by Paula J. Adams Hillard, MD
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