Cat Disorders and Diseases: The Merck Manual for Pet Health

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Cat Disorders and Diseases

Introduction to Blood Disorders of Cats
Red Blood Cells of Cats
White Blood Cells of Cats
	Phagocytes
	Lymphocytes
Platelets of Cats
Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions in Cats
	Blood Typing
	Blood Transfusions
Anemia in Cats
	Regenerative Anemias
		Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
		Hypophosphatemia
	Nonregenerative Anemias
Blood Parasites of Cats
	Babesiosis
	Cytauxzoonosis
	Feline Infectious Anemia (Hemobartonellosis)
	Hepatozoonosis
	African Tsetse-transmitted Trypanosomiasis
	Surra (Trypanosoma evansi Infection)
	Chagas' Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi Infection)
Bleeding Disorders of Cats
	Congenital Clotting Protein Disorders
	Acquired Clotting Protein Disorders
	Platelet Disorders
		Acquired Thrombocytopenia
		Congenital Platelet Function Disorders
		Acquired Platelet Function Disorders
	Blood Vessel Disorders
	Blood Clotting Disorders
White Blood Cell Disorders of Cats
	Disorders Related to Increased or Decreased White Blood Cells
	Leukemia and Lymphoma
	Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
	Pelger-Huët Anomaly
Polycythemia in Cats

Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders of Cats

Introduction to Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders in Cats
	Heart Rate
	Heart Sounds and Murmurs
	Arrhythmias
	Pulse
Heart Disease and Heart Failure in Cats
	Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System
Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease in Cats
Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Cats
	Common Types of Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Cardiovascular System in Cats
	Detecting Congenital Heart Defects
	General Treatment and Outlook
	Innocent Murmurs
	Common Congenital Heart Abnormalities
		Patent Ductus Arteriosus
		Aortic Stenosis
		Pulmonic Stenosis
		Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defects
		Tetralogy of Fallot
		Mitral and Triscuspid Valve Dysplasia
		Endocardial Fibroelastosis
		Cor Triatriatum Sinister
Heart Failure in Cats
	Types of Heart Failure
	Compensatory Mechanisms
	Signs of Heart Failure
	Treatment
Acquired Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders in Cats
	Degenerative Valve Disease
	Disorders of the Heart Muscle (Cardiomyopathy)
		Dilated Cardiomyopathy
		Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
		Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
		Unclassified Cardiomyopathy
	Other Causes of Heart Muscle Failure
	Infective Endocarditis
	Pericardial Disease
	High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Heartworm Disease in Cats
	Signs and Diagnosis
	Treatment
	Prevention
Blood Clots and Aneurysms in Cats
	Signs and Diagnosis
	Treatment

Digestive Disorders of Cats

Introduction to Digestive Disorders of Cats
	General Signs of Digestive System Disorders
	Examination of the Digestive System
	Infectious Diseases
	Noninfectious Diseases
	Treatment Overview of Digestive System Disorders
		Treatment and Control of Infectious Disease
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Digestive System in Cats
	Mouth
	Teeth
	Esophagus
	Hernias
	Stomach
	Small and Large Intestine
	Liver
Dental Development of Cats
Dental Disorders of Cats
	Gum Disease
		Gingivitis
		Periodontitis
		Prevention
	Endodontic Disease
	Feline Gingivitis/Stomatitis Syndrome
	Cervical Line Lesions (Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions)
	Developmental Abnormalities
		Improper Bite
		Enamel Defects
	Trauma to the Face and Jaw
Disorders of the Mouth in Cats
	Oral Inflammatory and Ulcerative Diseases
		Feline Stomatitis
		Fungal Stomatitis
		Inflammation of the Tongue
	Soft Tissue Trauma
		Cheek Biting
		Mouth Burns
	Oral Tumors
		Benign Tumors
		Malignant Tumors
	Salivary Disorders
		Excessive Salivation (Ptyalism or Sialosis)
		Salivary Mucocele
		Salivary Gland Tumors
		Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
Disorders of the Pharynx in Cats
Disorders of the Esophagus in Cats
	Inflammation of the Esophagus (Esophagitis)
	Foreign Objects in the Esophagus
	Esophageal Strictures
	Esophageal Diverticula
Vomiting in Cats
	Short-term or Occasional Vomiting
	Longterm or Severe Vomiting
Disorders of the Stomach and Intestines in Cats
	Inflammation of the Large Intestine
	Constipation
	Feline Enteric Coronavirus
	Inflammation of the Stomach (Gastritis )
	Cancers of the Digestive System
	Gastrointestinal Obstruction
	Gastrointestinal Ulcers
	Inflammatory Bowel Disease
	Malabsorption
Disorders Caused by Bacteria of the Digestive System in Cats
	Campylobacter Infection
	Salmonella Infection
	Tyzzer's Disease
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cats
	Roundworms
	Hookworms
	Tapeworms
	Flukes
Disorders Caused by Protozoa of the Digestive System in Cats
	Amebiasis
	Coccidiosis
	Giardiasis
Disorders of the Pancreas in Cats
	Inflammation of the Pancreas (Pancreatitis)
	Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
	Pancreatic Cancers
	Pancreatic Abscesses
	Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Disorders of the Liver and Gallbladder in Cats
	Hepatic Lipidosis
	Inflammatory Liver Disease
		Cholangiohepatitis
		Lymphocytic Portal Hepatitis
	Poisons Affecting the Liver
	Portosystemic Shunts
	Infectious Diseases of the Liver
	Endocrine Diseases Affecting the Liver
	Hepatocutaneous Syndrome
	Liver Cysts
	Cancers of the Liver
	Hepatic Amyloidosis
	Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Duct
		Obstruction of the Bile Duct
		Inflammation of the Gallbladder (Cholecystitis)
		Gallstones
		Liver Flukes
		Rupture of the Gallbladder or Bile Duct
Disorders of the Rectum and Anus in Cats
	Anal Sac Disease
	Rectal and Anorectal Narrowing (Strictures)
	Rectal Tumors
	Rectal Polyps
	Rectal Prolapse
	Rectal Tears

Hormonal Disorders of Cats Eye Disorders of Cats

Eye Structure and Function in Cats
	Physical Examination of the Eye
Disorders of the Eyelids in Cats
	Abnormalities in the Shape, Outline, or Form of the Eye
	Inflammation of the Eyelids (Blepharitis)
Disorders of the Nasal Cavity and Tear Ducts in Cats
	Blockage of the Nasal Duct (Epiphora)
	Inflammation of the Tear Sac (Dacryocystitis)
	Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca)
Disorders of the Conjunctiva in Cats
	Ruptured Blood Vessels (Subconjunctival Hemorrhage)
	Swelling of Conjunctival Tissue (Chemosis)
	Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)
Disorders of the Cornea in Cats
	Inflammation of the Cornea (Keratitis)
		Corneal Sequestration (Corneal Black Spot)
	Corneal Deterioration
Disorders of the Anterior Uvea in Cats
	Inflammation of the Anterior Uvea
Glaucoma in Cats
Disorders of the Lens in Cats
	Cataracts
	Lens Displacement
Disorders of the Retina, Choroid, and Optic Disk (Ocular Fundus) in Cats
	Inherited Diseases of the Retina
		Abnormal Development of the Retina (Retinal Dysplasia)
		Progressive Retinal Atrophy
	Inflammation of the Retina and Choroid (Chorioretinitis)
	Retinal Detachments
Disorders of the Optic Nerve in Cats
	Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
	Optic Atrophy
Prolapse of the Eye in Cats
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis in Cats (Feline Pneumonitis)
Eyeworm Disease (Thelaziasis) in Cats
Cancers and Tumors of the Eye in Cats
	Tumors of the Eyelid and Conjunctiva
	Melanoma of the Iris
	Post-traumatic Sarcoma
	Feline Lymphosarcoma-Leukemia Complex

Ear Disorders of Cats

	Ear Structure and Function in Cats
			Physical Examination of the Ear
	Deafness in Cats
	Disorders of the Outer Ear in Cats
			Ear Hematomas
			Immune-mediated Diseases
			Mange
			Mosquitoes
			Solar Dermatitis (Radiation Dermatitis)
			Ticks
	Otitis Externa in Cats
	Otitis Media and Interna in Cats
	Tumors of the Ear Canal in Cats
			Inflammatory Polyps
			Earwax Gland Tumors

Immune Disorders of Cats

	The Immune System of Cats
	Disorders Involving Anaphylactic Reactions (Type I Reactions, Atopy) in Cats
			Anaphylactic Shock
			Hives and Swelling
			Allergic Bronchiolitis
			Allergic Asthma
			PIE Syndrome (Pulmonary Inf iltration with Eosinophilia)
			Food Allergies
			Skin Allergies (Atopy)
	Disorders Involving Cytotoxic Antibodies (Type II Reactions) in Cats
			Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia
			Immune-mediated Thrombocytopenia
			Pemphigus
			Myasthenia Gravis
	Disorders Involving Immune Complexes (Type III Reactions) in Cats
			Glomerulonephritis
			Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus)
			Anterior Uveitis
	Disorders Involving Cell-mediated Immunity (Type IV Reactions) in Cats
			Granulomatous Reactions
	Immune-deficiency Diseases in Cats
			Deficiencies in Phagocytosis
			Selective Immunodeficiencies
			Immunodeficiencies Caused by Viruses
	Immune System Tumors in Cats
	Gammopathies in Cats

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders of Cats

Introduction to Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders in Cats
Components of the Musculoskeletal System in Cats
Lameness in Cats
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of Bones, Joints, and Muscles in Cats
	Dystrophy-like Myopathies
	Glycogen Storage Disease (Glycogenosis)
	Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Disorders Associated with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D in Cats
	Rickets
	Adult Rickets (Osteomalacia)
	Metabolic Osteodystrophies (Defective Bone Formation due to Metabolic Abnormalities)
		Rubber Jaw Syndrome (Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism)
Joint Disorders in Cats
	Displacement of the Kneecap
	Hip Dysplasia
	Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease)
	Septic Arthritis
	Immune-mediated Arthritis
	Cancerous Arthritis
	Joint Trauma
		Cranial Cruciate Ligament Tear
		Palmar Carpal Ligament Breakdown
		Dislocation of the Hip
Muscle Disorders in Cats
	Yellow Fat Disease (Steatitis)
	Hypokalemic Polymyopathy
	Muscle Tumors
Bone Disorders in Cats
	Developmental Bone Disorders
		Osteochondromatosis (Multiple Exostoses)
		Scottish Fold Osteodystrophy
	Osteomyelitis
	Nutritional Osteopathies
	Bone Tumors
	Bone Fractures
Sarcocystosis in Cats

Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders of Cats

The Nervous System in Cats
Parts of the Nervous System in Cats
	Neurons
		Types of Neurons
Nervous System Disorders and Effects of Injuries in Cats
	Mechanisms of Disease
	Tumors of the Nervous System
The Neurologic Evaluation in Cats
	The Neurologic Examination
		Evaluation of the Cranial Nerves
		Evaluation of Gait (Walking)
		Evaluation of the Neck and Front Legs
		Evaluation of the Torso, Hind Limbs, Anus, and Tail
	Laboratory Tests and Imaging
Principles of Therapy of the Nervous System in Cats
	Nursing Care
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Nervous System in Cats
	Forebrain Disorders
	Cerebellar Disorders
	Spinal Cord Disorders
	Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Disorders
Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves in Cats
	Inflammatory Disorders
	Metabolic Disorders
	Tumors
	Toxic Disorders
	Injury and Trauma
	Blood Vessel (Vascular) Diseases
Disorders of the Spinal Column and Cord in Cats
	Degenerative Diseases
	Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases
		Bacterial Diseases
		Viral Diseases
		Fungal Diseases
		Protozoal Diseases
		Parasitic Diseases
		Inflammatory Diseases of Unknown Cause
	Tumors
	Nutritional Disorders
	Injury and Trauma
	Poisoning and Toxic Disorders
Dysautonomia in Cats
Facial Paralysis in Cats
Central Nervous System Disorders Caused by Parasites in Cats
	Flukes
	Roundworms
	Disease from Insects
Leg Paralysis in Cats
Meningitis and Encephalitis in Cats
Motion Sickness in Cats
Rabies in Cats
	Signs and Diagnosis
	Control of Rabies
	Management of Suspected Rabies Cases
	Risk of Passing Rabies to People
Tick Paralysis in Cats

Reproductive Disorders of Cats Lung and Airway Disorders of Cats

	Introduction to Lung and Airway Disorders of Cats
			Causes of Lung and Airway Disorders
			Diagnosing Lung and Airway Disorders
			Control of Respiratory Conditions
			General Treatment of Lung and Airway Disorders
	Accumulation of Fluid or Air in the Chest Cavity of Cats
	Allergic Pneumonitis in Cats
	Bronchitis in Cats
	Cancers and Tumors of the Lung and Airway in Cats
			Tumors of the Nose and Sinuses
			Tumors of the Larynx and Trachea
			Primary Lung Tumors
			Metastatic Lung Tumors
	Diaphragmatic Hernia in Cats
	Emphysema in Cats
	Feline Respiratory Disease Complex (Feline Herpesviral Rhinotracheitis, Feline Calicivirus)
			Treatment and Prevention
	Laryngitis in Cats
	Lung Flukes in Cats
	Lungworm Infection in Cats
	Nasopharyngeal Polyps in Cats
	Paralysis of the Larynx in Cats
	Pharyngitis in Cats
	Pneumonia in Cats
			Aspiration Pneumonia
			Chlamydial Pneumonia (Feline Chlamydiosis, Pneumonitis)
			Fungal Pneumonia
	Pulmonary Edema in Cats
	Rhinitis and Sinusitis in Cats
	Tonsillitis in Cats
	Tracheobronchitis (Bronchitis, Bronchial Asthma) in Cats

Skin Disorders of Cats

Structure of the Skin in Cats
	Epidermis
	Basement Membrane Zone
	Dermis
	Skin Appendages
	Subcutis
Dermatitis and Dermatologic Problems in Cats
Diagnosis of Skin Disorders in Cats
Treatment of Skin Disorders in Cats
Congenital and Inherited Skin Disorders of Cats
	Congenital Skin Disorders
	Hereditary Hair Loss (Alopecia)
	Pigmentary Abnormalities
	Defects of Structural Integrity
	Multisystem Disorders that Affect the Skin
	Congenital and Inherited Tumors
Allergies of Cats
	Airborne Allergies (Atopy)
	Food Allergies
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex in Cats
Fleas of Cats
	Transmission and Life Cycle
	Flea Allergy Dermatitis
Flies and Mosquitoes of Cats
	Bot Fly Larvae Infestation (Grubs, Cuterebriasis)
	Horse Flies, Deer Flies, and Other Flies of Large Animals
	Maggots (Myiasis, Fly Strike)
	Mosquitoes
	Sand Flies
	Stable Flies
Hair Loss (Alopecia) in Cats
Hives and Rashes (Urticaria) in Cats
Itching (Pruritus) in Cats
Lice of Cats
Mite Infestation (Mange, Acariasis, Scabies) of Cats
	Feline Scabies (Notoedric Mange)
	Ear Mites (Otodectic Mange)
	Walking Dandruff (Cheyletiellosis)
	Feline Demodicosis
	Trombiculosis
Parasitic Worms of the Skin in Cats
Photosensitization in Cats
Pox Infection in Cats
Pyoderma in Cats
Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) in Cats
Ticks of Cats
Tumors of the Skin in Cats
	Basal Cell Tumors and Carcinomas
	Benign Fibroblastic Tumors
	Benign, Nonviral, Wart-like Tumors
	Blood Vessel Tumors
	Keratinized Skin Cysts
	Lipomas and Liposarcomas
	Lymphoid Tumors of the Skin
	Mast Cell Tumors
	Melanomas
	Neurofibromas and Neurofibrosarcomas
	Sebaceous Gland Tumors
	Soft Tissue Giant Cell Tumors (Fibrous Histiocytomas)
	Soft Tissue Sarcomas
		Vaccine-associated Tumors
	Squamous Cell Carcinomas
	Sweat Gland Tumors
	Tumors of the Hair Follicle
	Tumors Originating Outside the Skin (Metastatic Tumors)
	Undifferentiated and Anaplastic Sarcomas
	Warts (Papillomas)
Whole-body Disorders that Affect the Skin in Cats

Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders of Cats

The Urinary System of Cats
Detecting Disorders of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract of Cats
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Urinary System of Cats
	Disorders of the Kidneys
		Kidney Malformations
		Failure to Develop
		Polycystic Kidneys
		Kidney Cysts
		Other Kidney Disorders
	Disorders of the Ureters
		Ectopic Ureter
		Other Disorders of the Ureter
	Disorders of the Bladder
		Urachal Remnants
		Other Disorders of the Bladder
	Disorders of the Urethra
Infectious Diseases of the Urinary System of Cats
	Bladder Infection
	Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis)
	Interstitial Nephritis
	Capillaria Infection
Noninfectious Diseases of the Urinary System of Cats
	Kidney Dysfunction
		Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Failure
		Acute Kidney Disease
	Glomerular Disease
	Feline Idiopathic Cystitis and Feline Interstitial Cystitis
	Renal Tubular Problems
	Obstructions of the Urinary Tract
	Tumors
	Problems with Urination
		Problems with Urine Storage
		Problems with Urine Elimination
		Neurologic Problems
		Diagnosis and Treatment of Urination Problems
	Urinary Stones (Uroliths, Calculi)

Metabolic Disorders of Cats

	Introduction to Metabolic Disorders of Cats
			Metabolic Storage Disorders
			Production-related Metabolic Disorders
	Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria in Cats
	Disorders of Calcium Metabolism in Cats
	Disorders of Magnesium Metabolism in Cats
	Fever of Unknown Origin in Cats
	Malignant Hyperthermia in Cats

Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Cats

Introduction to Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Cats
Congenital and Inherited Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Cats
	Genetic Factors
	Environmental Factors
Amyloidosis in Cats
Anthrax in Cats
Ehrlichiosis and Related Infections in Cats
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
	Signs and Diagnosis
	Treatment, Prevention, and Control
Feline Leukemia Virus and Related Diseases
	Disorders Caused by Feline Leukemia Virus
		Immunosuppression
		Tumors
		Reproductive Problems
		Inflammation of the Intestines
		Other Disorders
	Treatment
	Prevention and Control
Feline Panleukopenia
Fungal Infections in Cats
	Aspergillosis
	Candidiasis
	Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)
	Cryptococcosis
	Histoplasmosis
	Mycetomas
	North American Blastomycosis
	Phaeohyphomycosis
	Rhinosporidiosis
	Sporotrichosis
Glanders (Farcy) in Cats
Leishmaniasis in Cats
Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) in Cats
Melioidosis in Cats
Nocardiosis in Cats
Peritonitis in Cats
Plague in Cats
	Signs and Diagnosis
	Treatment and Prevention
Q Fever in Cats
Tetanus in Cats
Toxoplasmosis in Cats
Trichinellosis (Trichinosis) in Cats
Tuberculosis in Cats
Tularemia in Cats

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