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We gratefully acknowledge the expertise of the contributors to our current online version. The subject(s) that they are responsible for are listed after their affiliations.
Bola Adamolekun, MD
Director of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center
Seizure Disorders
Neil B. Alexander, MD
Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Michigan; Associate Professor for Research; Director, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center
Falls in the Elderly
Roy D. Altman, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of California, Los Angeles
Joint Disorders; Paget's Disease of Bone
Bradley D. Anawalt, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Washington; Associate Chief of Medicine, VA Puget Sound
Male Reproductive Endocrinology and Related Disorders; Male Sexual Dysfunction
Mary Ann Anderson, PhD, RN
Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Quad Cities Regional Program
Provision of Care to the Elderly
Gerald L. Andriole, MD
Professor and Chief of Urologic Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine
Benign Prostate Disease
Parswa Ansari, MD
Assistant Program Director, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York
GI Bleeding; Acute Abdomen and Surgical Gastroenterology; Anorectal Disorders
Brian R. Apatoff, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College; Clinical Attending of Neurology, New York Presbyterian Hospital
Demyelinating Disorders
Noel A. Armenakas, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College; Attending Physician, Lenox Hill Hospital and New York Presbyterian Hospital
Genitourinary Tract Trauma
J. Malcolm O. Arnold, MD
Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario; Cardiologist, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Center
Heart Failure; Cardiomyopathies
Alexander Auchus, MD
Professor and McCarty Chair of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Function and Dysfunction of the Cerebral Lobes; Delirium and Dementia
George L. Bakris, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago-Pritzker School of Medicine
Hypertension
David H. Barad, MD, MS
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women's Health,, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Director, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Center for Human Reproduction
Approach to the Gynecologic Patient; Symptoms of Gynecologic Disorders
Peggy P. Barco, MS, OTR/L
Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University Medical School; Driving Connections, The Rehabilitation Institute of Saint Louis
The Older Driver
Robert A. Barish, MD, MBA
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Chancellor, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport
Bites and Stings
John G. Bartlett, MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Acute Bronchitis; Pneumonia; Lung Abscess
Rosemary Basson, MD
Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Hospital
Sexual Dysfunction in Women
Byron E. Batteiger, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine
Chlamydia and Mycoplasmas
Lee B. Beerman, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies
J. Brad Bellotte, MD
Director of Complex Spine Surgery and Director of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh
Spinal Trauma
Joshua O. Benditt, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington School of Medicine; Director of Respiratory Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center
Bronchiectasis
James R. Berenson, MD
Medical and Scientific Director, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood
Plasma Cell Disorders
Barbara J. Berkman, DSW/PhD
Helen Rehr/Ruth Fitzdale Professor, Columbia University School of Social Work; Principal Investigator and National Director, Hartford Geriatric Social Work Faculty Scholars Program
Social Issues in the Elderly; Elder Abuse
Cheston M. Berlin, Jr., MD
University Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine
Principles of Drug Treatment in Children
Jessica R. Berman, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College; Assistant Attending Physician, Hospital for Special Surgery
Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease
Richard W. Besdine, MD
Professor of Medicine, Greer Professor of Geriatric Medicine, and Director, Division of Geriatrics (Medicine) and of the Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Approach to the Geriatric Patient; Aging and Quality Of Life
Adil E. Bharucha, MBBS, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Approach to the Patient With Lower GI Complaints; Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Albert W. Biglan, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
Eye Defects and Conditions in Children
Joseph J. Biundo, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Tulane Medical Center
Bursa, Muscle, and Tendon Disorders
Sean C. Blackwell, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
Pregnancy Complicated by Disease
Russell Blair, MD
Fellow, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Asthma and Related Disorders
Marcy B. Bolster
Osteoporosis
Charles D. Bortle, EdD
Director of Logistics and Field Operations, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center
Respiratory Arrest
Ann S. Botash, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
Child Maltreatment
Alfred A. Bove, MD, PhD
Chief of Cardiology, Cardiology Section, Temple University School of Medicine
Injury During Diving or Work in Compressed Air
Thomas G. Boyce, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Consultant in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Gastroenteritis
Peter C. Brazy, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Renal Transport Abnormalities; Congenital Renal Transport Abnormalities
Jeremy S. Breit, MD
Fellow, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Asthma and Related Disorders
Christian M. Briery, MD
Director of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport
High-Risk Pregnancy
George R. Brown, MD
Professor and Associate Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, East Tennessee State University; Chief of Psychiatry, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center
Sexuality and Sexual Disorders
Haywood L. Brown, MD
Roy T. Parker Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center
Normal Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery
Robert G. Brzyski, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
Rebecca H. Buckley, MD
J. Buren Sidbury Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Larry M. Bush, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine/Florida Atlantic University; Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, JFK Medical Center
Gram-Positive Cocci; Gram-Positive Bacilli
Jerrold T. Bushberg, PhD, DABMP
Clinical Professor of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
Radiation Exposure and Contamination
Juan R. Bustillo, MD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of New Mexico
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
David B. Carr, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine–Older Adult Health Center
The Older Driver
Mary T. Caserta, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center
Pox Viruses; Enteroviruses; Other Viruses; Infections in Neonates
Bruce A. Chabner, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Clinical Director, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
Overview of Cancer; Principles of Cancer Therapy
Fredy Chaparro-Rojas, MD
Internal Medicine Resident, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine/Florida Atlantic University at JFK Medical Center
Gram-Positive Cocci
Ian M. Chapman, MBBS, PhD
Associate Professor of Endocrinology, University of Adelaide, Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital
Pituitary Disorders
Rachel L. Chapman, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital
Approach to the Care of Normal Infants and Children; Caring for Sick Children and Their Families; Perinatal Physiology
Lois Choi-Kain, MD
Director, Gunderson Residence of McLean Hospital; Clinical Instructor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
Personality Disorders
William J. Cochran, MD
Vice Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA
Gastrointestinal Disorders in Neonates and Infants; Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies
Alan S. Cohen, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Conrad Wessolhoeft Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Editor-in-Chief, Amyloid: The Journal of Protein Folding Disorders
Amyloidosis
Robert B. Cohen, DMD
Clinical Associate Professor of Dentistry and Practice Coordinator, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Approach to the Dental Patient; Symptoms of Dental and Oral Disorders
Sidney Cohen, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Research Programs, Thomas Jefferson University
Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease; Bezoars and Foreign Bodies; Hepatitis
Kathryn Colby, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; Director, Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient; Symptoms of Ophthalmologic Disorders; Cataract; Eye Trauma
Daniel W. Collison, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Sweating Disorders; Pressure Ulcers; Benign Skin Tumors
Eve R. Colson, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine; Director, Well Newborn Nursery, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital
Approach to the Care of Normal Infants and Children; Caring for Sick Children and Their Families; Perinatal Physiology
Mary Ann Cooper, MD
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
Electrical and Lightning Injuries
William Coryell, MD
George Winokur Professor of Psychiatry, University of Iowa
Mood Disorders
Bryan D. Cowan, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Uterine Fibroids
Jill P. Crandall, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Ricardo Cruciani, MD, PhD
Clinical Assistant and Professor, Department of Neurology and Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Director, Research Division, Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center
Neurotransmission
Burke A. Cunha, MD
Professor of Medicine, State University of New York School of Medicine, Stony Brook; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola
Gram-Negative Bacilli; Spirochetes
Emmett T. Cunningham, Jr., MD, PhD, MPH
Professor of Ophthalmology, Stanford University; Director, The Uveitis Service, California Pacific Medical Center and Clinic
Uveitis and Related Disorders
Drew C. Cutler, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Cystic Kidney Disease
Ralph E. Cutler, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma Linda University School of Medicine; Consultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VA Medical Center
Obstructive Uropathy
Patricia A. Daly, MD
Visiting Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Virginia; Clinical Endocrinologist, Front Royal Internal Medicine, VA
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes
Daniel F. Danzl, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine
Cold Injury
Norman L. Dean, MD
Fellow (Emeritus), American College of Chest Physicians; Lifetime Fellow, American College of Physicians
Drowning
Alan H. DeCherney, MD
Branch Chief, Reproductive Biology and Medicine, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
Endometriosis
Peter J. Delves, PhD
Professor of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
Biology of the Immune System; Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
Ara DerMarderosian, PhD
Professor of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry, Roth Chair of Natural Products, Scientific Director, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Institute, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Dietary Supplements
Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Director of Cornea/External Disease and Director of Refractive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Eye Center; Medical Director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Laser Center; Director and Founder, Center for Integrative Eye Care, University of Pittsburgh
Refractive Error
A. Damian Dhar, MD, JD
Private Practice, North Atlanta Dermatology
Bacterial Skin Infections; Fungal Skin Infections
Michael C. DiMarino, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders; Diverticular Disease
James G. H. Dinulos, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor of Surgery (Dermatology), Dartmouth Medical School
Cornification Disorders; Parasitic Skin Infections; Viral Skin Diseases
Caroline Carney Doebbeling, MD, MSc
Chief Executive Officer, Cetan Health Consultants LLC, Indianapolis, IN; Chief Medical Officer, MDwise, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
Approach to the Patient With Mental Symptoms
Karl Doghramji, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Medical Director, Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University
Sleep and Wakefulness Disorders
Daniel A. Doyle, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University; Division of Endocrinology, A.I. duPont Children's Hospital
Physical Growth and Development
Antonette T. Dulay, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine
Abnormalities of Pregnancy
Jeffrey S. Dungan, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Evaluation
Soumitra R. Eachempati, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery and Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College
Approach to the Critically Ill Patient
Megan A. Economidis, MD
Associate Director, Fellowship in Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
Family Planning
Sherman Elias, MD
John J. Sciarra Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital of Northwestern Memorial Hospital; John J. Sciarra Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine; Chairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital of Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Evaluation
Alberto Espay
Professor, Department of Neurology
University of Cincinnati
Movement and Cerebellar Disorders
Norah C. Feeny, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University
Medical Examination of the Rape Victim
Michael C. Fiore, MD, MPH, MBA
Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School and Public Health; Director, niversity of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention
Smoking Cessation
Chin-To Fong, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Medical Humanities and Dentistry and Chief, Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Inherited Disorders of Metabolism
Steven D. Freedman, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, The Pancreas Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Pancreatitis
Emil J Freireich, MD
Professor, Department of Leukemia, and Director, Adult Leukemia Research Programs, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
Leukemias
Eugene P. Frenkel, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research; Elaine Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research in honor of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Iron Overload
Marvin P. Fried, MD
Professor and University Chairman, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Approach to the Patient With Nasal and Pharyngeal Symptoms; Nose and Paranasal Sinus Disorders
Mitchell H. Friedlaender, MD
Adjunct Professor, The Scripps Research Institute; Head, Division of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic
Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders
Dmitry Gabrilovich, MD, PhD
Robert Rothman Endowed Chair in Cancer Research, Head, Section of Dendritic Cell Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Professor of Oncologic Sciences and Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
Tumor Immunology
Sunir J. Garg, MD, FACS
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University; Assistant Surgeon, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Institute
Retinal Disorders
James Garrity, MD
Whitney and Betty MacMillan Professor of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic
Eyelid and Lacrimal Disorders; Optic Nerve Disorders; Orbital Diseases
Brian K. Gehlbach, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation
James N. George, MD
George Lynn Cross Research Professor, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Dysfunction; Bleeding Due to Abnormal Blood Vessels
David M. Gershenson, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and J. Taylor Wharton, MD, Distinguished Chair in Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Gynecologic Tumors
Elias A. Giraldo, MD, MS
Associate Professor and Director, Stroke Program, Drexel University College of Medicine
Stroke (CVA)
Anne Carol Goldberg, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
Lipid Disorders
Stephen E. Goldfinger, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes
Hector A. Gonzalez-Usigli
Fellow, Division of Neurology
University of Cincinnati
Movement and Cerebellar Disorders
M. Jay Goodkind, MD
Associate Professor (Emeritus) of Clinical Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief of Cardiology (Retired), Mercer Medical Center
Cardiac Tumors
Carmen E. Gota, MD
Staff Physician, Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Vasculitis
Norton J. Greenberger, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Approach to the Patient with Upper GI Complaints; Diagnostic and Therapeutic GI Procedures
John E. Greenlee, MD
Meningitis
John H. Greist, MD
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health; Distinguished Senior Scientist, Madison Institute of Medicine, Inc.
Anxiety Disorders
Ashley B. Grossman, MD
Professor of Neuroendocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The London School of Medicine, London
Adrenal Disorders
John G. Gunderson, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Director, Psychosocial and Personality Research, Borderline Personality Disorder Center, McLean Hospital
Personality Disorders
Rula A. Hajj-ali, MD
Staff Physician, Center of Vasculitis Care and Research, Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders
Jesse B. Hall, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care and Section Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation
Judith G. Hall, MD
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
General Principles of Medical Genetics
John W. Hallett, Jr., MD
Clinical Professor of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina; Medical Director and Vascular Surgeon, Roper St. Francis Heart and Vascular Center
Diseases of the Aorta and Its Branches; Peripheral Arterial Disorders
Kevin C. Hazen, PhD
Professor of Pathology and Microbiology and Director of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics—Infectious Disease, University of Virginia Health System
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Disease
R. Phillips Heine, MD
Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University
Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prenatal Care; Symptoms During Pregnancy
Melissa R. Held, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine; Director, Inpatient Pediatrics Clerkship, Connecticut Children's Medical Center
Approach to the Care of Normal Infants and Children
Susan L. Hendrix, DO
Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan State University School of Osteopathic Medicine; Partner, Hutzel Women's Hospital at the Detroit Medical Center
Menopause
Steven K. Herrine, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Thomas Jefferson University; Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs, Jefferson Medical College
Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease; Drugs and the Liver; Liver Masses and Granulomas
Jerome M. Hershman, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles; Associate Chief, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division , Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System
Thyroid Disorders
Martin Hertl, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Surgical Director, Liver Transplantation Program, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, MD
Harry K. Davis Professor, Titus H. Harris Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Suicidal Behavior
Brian D. Hoit, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University; Director of Echocardiography, Harrington-McLaughlin Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center
Pericarditis
Waun Ki Hong, MD
American Cancer Society Professor and Samsung Distinguished University Chair in Cancer Medicine; Professor of Medicine, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, and Head, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center
Tumors of the Lungs
Daniel A. Hussar, PhD
Remington Professor of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Concepts in Pharmacotherapy
Michael Jacewicz, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Assistant Chief of Neurology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis
Symptoms of Joint Disorders; Approach to the Neurologic Patient; Brain Infections; Prion Diseases
Harry S. Jacob, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School; Editor-in-Chief, Hematology/Oncology Today
Spleen Disorders
Jon A. Jacobson, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology, University of Michigan
Principles of Radiologic Imaging
Navin Jaipaul, MD, MHS
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine; Staff Nephrologist, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Jani R. Jensen, MD
Fellow, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
Larry E. Johnson, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Geriatrics and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Attending Physician, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, and Toxicity; Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity
Robert G. Johnson, MD
C. Rollins Hanlon Professor and Chair, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Care of the Surgical Patient
Brian D. Johnston
Director of Education
International Association of Resistance Trainers, Ontario; Director of Education
Prescribed Exercise Clinics, Ontario
Exercise and Sports Injury
Hugh F. Johnston, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Office of Continuing Medical Education, University of Wisconsin Medical School; Medical Director, Bureau of Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Thomas V. Jones, MD, MPH
Director, Inflammatory Diseases, Specialty Care Unit, Pfizer
Motion Sickness
Nicholas Jospe, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Metabolic, Electrolyte, and Toxic Disorders in Neonates; Endocrine Disorders in Children
Michael J. Joyce, MD
Associate Clinical Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University ; Orthopaedic Surgeon, Cleveland Clinic
Tumors of Bones and Joints
James O. Judge, MD
Assistant Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine; Medical Direcgtor, Evercare Connecticut
Gait Disorders in the Elderly
Anand D. Kantak, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown; Director, Division of Neonatology, Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Neonates, Infants, and Young Children
Daniel B. Kaplan, MSW
Doctoral Student, Columbia University School of Social Work; Program Evaluator, Hartford Faculty Scholars Program
Social Issues in the Elderly; Elder Abuse
Kenneth M. Kaye, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Viruses; Herpesviruses; Arboviridae, Arenaviridae, and Filoviridae
James W. Kendig, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine
Perinatal Problems
Talmadge E. King, Jr., MD
Chief, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Julius R. Krevans Distinguished Professorship in Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Interstitial Lung Diseases
James P. Knochel, MD
Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Past Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas
Heat Illness
Karen Birckelbaw Kopacek, BS Pharm
Clinical Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy
Pharmacokinetics
David N. Korones, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Oncology, and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center
Pediatric Cancers
Jules Y. T. Lam, MD, FRCP(C)
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Montreal; Cardiologist, Montreal Heart Institute
Arteriosclerosis
Lewis Landsberg, MD
Irving S. Cutter Professor of Medicine and Dean (Emeritus), Northwestern University
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes
Noah Lechtzin, MD, MHS
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Approach to the Pulmonary Patient; Symptoms of Pulmonary Disorders; Diagnostic Pulmonary Procedures; Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Mathew H. M. Lee, MD
Howard A. Rusk Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine and Chairman, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Rehabilitation
Joseph R. Lentino, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Diseases, Hines VA Hospital
Anaerobic Bacteria
Wendy S. Levinbook, MD
Private Practice, Hartford Dermatology Associates
Hair Disorders
Matthew E. Levison, MD
Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine; Professor School of Public Health, Drexel University
Bacteria and Antibacterial Drugs
Richard Levitan, MD
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson Univerity Hospitals; President, Airway Cam Tech, Inc.
Respiratory Arrest
Sharon Levy, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research, Children's Hospital, Boston
Approach to the Care of Adolescents
James L. Lewis, III, MD
Nephrology Associates, P.C. of Birmingham
Fluid Metabolism; Electrolyte Disorders; Acid-Base Regulation and Disorders
Alan E. Lichtin, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve; Staff Physician, Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Cleveland Clinic
Approach to the Patient With Anemia; Anemias Caused by Deficient Erythropoiesis; Anemias Caused by Hemolysis
Paul L. Liebert, MD
Private Practice, Tomah Memorial Hospital, Tomah, WI
Exercise and Sports Injury
Richard W. Light, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Mediastinal and Pleural Disorders
Gregory S. Liptak, MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics and Director, Center for Development, Behavior, and Genetics, Upstate Medical University
Congenital Craniofacial and Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Congenital Neurologic Anomalies; Chromosomal Anomalies
Jeffrey M. Lipton, MD, PhD
Chief, Hematology/Oncology, Schneider Children's Hospital; Professor of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Histiocytic Syndromes
Elliot M. Livstone, MD
Attending Physician, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, FL
Tumors of the GI Tract
Phillip Low, MD
Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Autonomic Nervous System
Paul D. Lui, MD
Associate Professor of Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Voiding Disorders; Penile and Scrotal Disorders
Joanne Lynn, MD, MA, MS
Clinical Improvement Expert, Colorado Foundation for Medical Care; Senior Researcher, RAND Health, Arlington; Bureau Chief, Chronic Disease and Cancer, Community Health Administration, Department of Health, Washington, DC
The Dying Patient
Robert J. MacNeal, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of General Internal Medicine and Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
Approach to the Dermatologic Patient; Reactions to Sunlight
Marcella A. Madera, MD
Instructor, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Kenneth Maiese, MD
Professor and Chair, Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey Health Sciences University
Coma and Impaired Consciousness
James F. Markmann, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Clinical Director, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
John T. McBride, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown; Vice-Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Neonates, Infants, and Young Children
Margaret C. McBride, MD
Professor of Pediatrics (Neurology), Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown; Director, Neurodevelopmental Center, Akron Children's Hospital
Neurologic Disorders in Children; Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Daniel J. McCarty, MD
Will and Cava Ross Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Medical College of Wisconsin
Crystal-Induced Arthritides
J. Allen McCutchan, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
Douglas L. McGee, DO
Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Albert Einstein Medical Center; Chief Academic Officer, Albert Einsterin Healthcare Network
Clinical Decision Making
Daniel E. McGinley-Smith, MD
Private Practice, New England Dermatology, Lebanon, NH; Staff Dermatologist, New London Hospital
Pigmentation Disorders
Robert S. McKelvie, MD, PhD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, McMaster University; Medical Director, Cardiac Health and Rehabilitation Center
Sports and the Heart
Karen McKoy, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor in Clinical Dermatology, Harvard Medical School; Senior Staff, Group Practice, Department of Dermatology, Lahey Clinic, Medical Center
Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy; Acne and Related Disorders; Dermatitis
James I. McMillan, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University; Chief of Nephrology Section, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Renal Failure; Renal Replacement Therapy; Glomerular Disorders
S. Gene McNeeley, MD
Chief of Gynecology, Hutzel Women's Hospital; Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hutzel Women's Health Specialists
Benign Gynecologic Lesions; Pelvic Relaxation Syndromes
Noshir R. Mehta, DMD, MDS, MS
Professor and Chairman of General Dentistry; Assistant Dean, International Relations; and Director, Craniofacial Pain Center, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Temporomandibular Disorders
Daniel R. Mishell, Jr., MD
The Lyle G. McNeile Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Chief Physician, Women's and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center
Family Planning
L. Brent Mitchell, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary; Director, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary Health Region and University of Calgary
Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders
Richard T. Miyamoto, MD
Arilla Spence DeVault Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine
Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane Disorders
Joel L. Moake, MD
Senior Research Scientist, Rice University; Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Baylor College of Medicine
Hemostasis; Thrombotic Disorders; Coagulation Disorders
Julie S. Moldenhauer, MD
Attending Physician, The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Abnormalities and Complications of Labor and Delivery; Postpartum Care and Associated Disorders
John E. Morley, MB, BCh
Dammert Professor of Gerontology and Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University Medical Center; Director, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, St. Louis VA Medical Center
Undernutrition; Principles of Endocrinology
Angela Cafiero Moroney, PharmD
Senior Clinical Science Manager and Global Pharmaceutical research and Development, Abbott Laboratories
Pharmacodynamics
Alex Moroz, MD, FACP
Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Director of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Unit and Director of Residency Training and Medical Education, Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine
Rehabilitation
John Morrison, MD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center; Professor of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center
High-Risk Pregnancy
Sam P. Most, MD
Chief, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University
Facial Trauma
David F. Murchison, DDS, MMS
Clinical Professor, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry; Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas
Dental Emergencies
Carlene A. Muto, MD, MS
Assistant Professor, Medicine and Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Medical Director of Infection Control, Donald D. Wolff, Jr., Center for Quality Improvement and Innovation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System
Neisseriaceae
Raj K. Narayan, MD
Frank H. Mayfield Professor and Chairman, The Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Mayfield Clinic
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Edward A. Nardell, MD
Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Mycobacteria
Victor J. Navarro, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Medical Director, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Program, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Drugs and the Liver
John H. Newman, MD
Elsa S. Hanigan Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Pulmonary Embolism; Pulmonary Hypertension
Lee S. Newman, MD, MA
Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver
Sarcoidosis; Environmental Pulmonary Diseases
Jennifer R. Niebyl, MD
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
Conception and Prenatal Development
Mary Lynn R. Nierodzik, MD
Associate Professor, New York University School of Medicine; Chief, Hematology/Oncology, Bellevue Hospital Center
Eosinophilic Disorders
James M. O'Brien, Jr., MD, MSc
Associate Professor, Center for Critical Care, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center
Tests of Pulmonary Function (PFT)
Patrick G. O'Connor, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine; Chief, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
Drug Use and Dependence
John S. Oghalai, MD
Assistant Professor of Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Director, The Hearing Center at Texas Children's Hospital
Inner Ear Disorders
Gerald F. O'Malley, DO
Clinical Research Director, Thomas Jefferson University
Poisoning
James T. Pacala, MD, MS
Associate Professor and Distinguished University Teaching Professor, Family Practice and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School
Prevention of Disease and Disability in the Elderly
Steven A. Paget, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physician in Chief, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease
Elizabeth J. Palumbo, MD
Private Practice, The Pediatric Group, Fairfax, VA
Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Children
David A. Paul, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Medical College; Attending Neonatologist, Christiana Care Health System
Perinatal Hematologic Disorders
Richard D. Pearson, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Associate Dean for Student Affairs, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Approach to Parasitic Infections; Nematodes (Roundworms); Trematodes (Flukes); Cestodes (Tapeworms); Intestinal Protozoa; Extraintestinal Protozoa
Lawrence L. Pelletier, Jr., MD
Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Robert J. Dole VA Medical and Regional Office Center, Wichita; Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine
Endocarditis
Maria T. Perez, MD
Associate Pathologist, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, , Wellington Regional Medical Center, West Palm Beach
Gram-Positive Cocci; Gram-Positive Bacilli
Frank Pessler, MD, PhD
Pediatric Rheumatologist, Klinik und Polyklinik für Kinder und Jagendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Rheumatic Fever; Connective Tissue Disorders in Children; Bone Disorders in Children
Stephen P. Peters, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, and Associate Director, Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Asthma and Related Disorders
William A. Petri, Jr., MD, PhD
Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiology and Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Rickettsiae and Related Organisms
Katharine A. Phillips, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hosital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Somatoform and Factitious Disorders
JoAnn V. Pinkerton, MD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Director, Division of Midlife Health, University of Virginia Health System
Menstrual Abnormalities
Russell K. Portenoy, MD
Professor of Neurology and Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Chairman, Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center
Pain
Carol S. Portlock, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell University Medical College; Attending Physician, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Lymphomas
Josef T. Prchal, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Glenn M. Preminger, MD
Director, Duke Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Duke University Medical Center; Professor and Chief, Duke University Medical Center
Urinary Calculi
Sally Pullman-Mooar, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania; Chief, Department of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Neck and Back Pain
Ronald Rabinowitz, MD
Professor of Urology and Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Chief of Pediatric Urology, Strong Memorial and Rochester General Hospitals
Congenital Renal and Genitourinary Anomalies
Pedro T. Ramirez, MD
Assistant Professor, Gynecologic Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Gynecologic Tumors
Leonard Rappaport, MD, MS
Mary Demig Scott Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston
Incontinence in Children
Robert W. Rebar, MD
Executive Director, American Society for Reproductive Medicine; Volunteer Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham
Infertility
Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH
Clinical Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia
Hypersensitivity and Inflammatory Disorders; Nail Disorders
Douglas J. Rhee, MD
Assistant Professor, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School
Glaucoma
Melvin I. Roat, MD. FACS
Clinical Associate Professor, Wills Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Corneal Disorders
James R. Roberts, MD
Professor and Vice Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine; Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine and Director, Division of Toxicology, Mercy Catholic Medical Center
Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains
Kenneth B. Roberts, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Director, Pediatric Teaching Program, Moses Cone Health System, Greensboro
Dehydration and Fluid Therapy in Children
Beryl J. Rosenstein, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Hospital, Cystic Fibrosis Center
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Steven Rosenzweig, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Drexel University College of Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Noelle Rotondo, DO
Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center; Adjunct Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Approach to the Trauma Patient
Robert J. Ruben, MD
Distinguished University Professor, Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center
Hearing Loss
Fred H. Rubin, MD
Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Shadyside ; Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Immunization
Michael Rubin, MDCM
Professor of Clinical Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College; Director, Neuromuscular Service and EMG Laboratory, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center
Neuro-ophthalmologic and Cranial Nerve Disorders; Craniocervical Junction Abnormalities; Peripheral Nervous System and Motor Unit Disorders; Spinal Cord Disorders; Inherited Muscular Disorders
Atenodoro R. Ruiz, Jr., MD
Attending Physician, Department of Medicine Gastroenterology, Kaiser-Permanente, Santa Clara
Malabsorption Syndromes
J. Mark Ruscin, PharmD
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy
Drug Therapy in the Elderly
Julie E. Russak, MD
Melanoma Fellow, Rigel Dermatology (Private Practice Associated with New York University Medical Center)
Bullous Diseases
Paul S. Russell, MD
John Homans Distinguished Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Senior Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Charles Sabatino, JD
Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center; Director, Commission on Law and Aging, American Bar Association
Medicolegal Issues
David B. Sachar, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Director (Emeritus), Dr. Henry D. Janovitz Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount Sinai Hospital
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Seyed-Ali Sadjadi, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Approach to the Genitourinary Patient; Symptoms of Genitourinary Disorders; Genitourinary Tests and Procedures; Renovascular Disorders
Scott Samuelson, MD
Instructor of Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Utah; Attending Physician, Utah Cancer Specialists
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Christopher Sanford, MD, MPH, DTM&H
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington; Co-Director, Travel Clinic, Hall Health Center, University of Washington
Medical Aspects of Travel
Ravindra Sarode, MD
Professor of Pathology and Director, Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis Laboratory, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Transfusion Medicine
Clarence T. Sasaki, MD
The Charles W. Oshe Professor of Surgery and Chief of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine; Director, Head and Neck Tumor Board, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center
Oral and Pharyngeal Disorders; Laryngeal Disorders
Erik Schaffer, CP
President, A Step Ahead Prosthetics, Hicksville, NY
Limb Prosthetics
Peter C. Schalock, MD
Instructor in Dermatology, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital
Psoriasis and Scaling Diseases
Steven Schmitt, MD
Head, Section of Bone and Joint Infections, Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic
Infections of Joints and Bones
Marvin I. Schwarz, MD
The James C. Campbell Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome
Eldon A. Shaffer, MD
Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
Testing for Hepatic and Biliary Disorders; Alcoholic Liver Disease; Fibrosis and Cirrhosis; Vascular Disorders of the Liver; Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Stewart Shankel, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine and Director of Clinical Medicine, University of California, Riverside
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
William R. Shapiro, MD
Professor of Clinical Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Chief, Neuro-oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute; Chief, Neuro-oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute
Intracranial and Spinal Tumors
Michael J. Shea, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, Section Head, Cardiovascular Medicine Outpatient Services and Clinical Evaluation, University of Michigan Health Systems
Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures
David D. Sherry, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania; Director, Clinical Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Rheumatic Fever; Connective Tissue Disorders in Children; Bone Disorders in Children
Stephen D. Silberstein, MD
Professor of Neurology, Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University; ; Director, Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Headache
Daphne Simeon, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Dissociative Disorders
Adam J. Singer, MD
Professor and Vice Chairman for Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University and Medical Center
Lacerations
Ashish C. Sinha, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Richard V. Smith, MD
Vice Chair, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Director, Head & Neck Service, Montefiore Medical Center
Tumors of the Head and Neck
David E. Soper, MD
Professor and Vice Chairman for Clinical Affairs, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina
Vaginitis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
David R. Steinberg, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Director, Hand & Upper Extremity Fellowship, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
Hand Disorders
Marvin E. Steinberg, MD
Professor (Emeritus) of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Osteonecrosis
Kingman P. Strohl, MD
Professor of Medicine and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Medical Center; Director, Center for Sleep Disorders Research, Case Western Reserve University
Sleep Apnea
Albert J. Stunkard, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Eating Disorders
Alan M. Sugar, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Boston University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Infectious Disease Clinical Services and HIV/AIDS Program, Cape Cod Healthcare
Fungi
Stephen Brian Sulkes, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Behavioral Concerns and Problems in Children; Learning and Developmental Disorders
Geeta K. Swamy, MD
Associate Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center
Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prenatal Care; Symptoms During Pregnancy
David A. Swanson, MD
Clinical Professor, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Genitourinary Cancer
Paul H. Tanser, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), McMaster University; Medical Cardiologist, North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Auckland; Medical Consultant, North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Aukland
Approach to the Cardiac Patient; Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disorders; Valvular Disorders
Syed H. Tariq, MD
Fellow, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes
Joan B. Tarloff, PhD
Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Adverse Drug Reactions
Mary Territo, MD
Professor of Medicine, Director of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles
Neutropenia and Lymphocytopenia
David R. Thomas, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center
Nutritional Support
Elizabeth Chabner Thompson, MD, MPH
Private Practice, New York Group for Plastic Surgery
Overview of Cancer; Principles of Cancer Therapy
Stig Thunell, MD, PhD
Professor, Karolinska Institute; Senior Consultant, Porphyria Center Sweden, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm
Porphyrias
Shelly D. Timmons, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor and Chief of Neurotrauma Division, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine; Private Practice, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Courtney M. Townsend, Jr., MD
Professor and John Woods Harris Distinguished Chairman, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Carcinoid Tumors
Amal Trivedi, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Community Health, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Investigator, REAP On Outcomes and Quality in Chronic Disease and Rehabilitation, Providence VA Medical Center
Financial Issues in Health Care; Funding Health Care for the Elderly
Anne S. Tsao, MD
Assistant Professor, Director, Mesothelioma Program; Director, Thoracic Chemo-radiation Program, Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Tumors of the Lungs
Debara L. Tucci, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Duke University Medical Center
Approach to the Patient With Ear Problems
Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD
Chair, Department of Medicin, Monmouth Medical Center; Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Biology of Infectious Disease
Ronald B. Turner, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Respiratory Viruses
Alexander G.G. Turpie, MD
Professor of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences General Hospital
Peripheral Venous Disorders; Lymphatic Disorders
James T. Ubertalli, DMD
Assistant Clinical Professor, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Private Practice, Hingham, MA
Common Dental Disorders; Periodontal Disorders
Victor G. Vogel, MD, MHS
National Vice President for Research, American Cancer Society
Breast Disorders
Aaron E. Walfish, MD
Clinical Assistant Attending, Division of Digestive Diseases, Beth Israel Medical Center; Clinical Instructor, Mount Sinai Medical Center
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
James Wayne Warnica, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiac Science, University of Calgary; Director, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Foothills Medical Centre
Coronary Artery Disease
Max Harry Weil, MD, PhD, ScD (Hon)
Distinguished University Professor and Founding President, Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine; Research Professor of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles
Cardiac Arrest; Shock and Fluid Resuscitation; Sepsis and Septic Shock
Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Director, Pediatric HIV Program, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center
Miscellaneous Infections in Infants and Children; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Infants and Children
Laura Weissman, MD
Assistant Professor in Medicine and Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
Incontinence in Children
Gregory L. Wells, MD
Resident in Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Cancers of the Skin
John B. West, MD, PhD, DSc
Professor of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego
Altitude Sickness
Kendrick Alan Whitney, DPM
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine and Orthopedics, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine
Foot and Ankle Disorders
James E. Wilberger, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh; Vice Dean, Drexel University College of Medicine
Spinal Trauma
Margaret-Mary G. Wilson, MD
Medical Director, Health Services, United Healthcare, Maryland Heights
Nutrition: General Considerations; Syndromes of Uncertain Origin
G. Terence Wilson, PhD
Oscar K. Buros Professor of Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
Eating Disorders
Robert A. Wise, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Disorders
Gary Wittert, MB, Bch, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Steven E. Wolf, MD
Betty and Bob Kelso Distinguished Chair in Burns and Trauma, Vice Chair for Research and Professor, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Chief, Clinical Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research
Burns
Eiji Yanagisawa, MD
Clinical Professor of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine
External Ear Disorders
Heidi Yeh, MD
Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Contributors to Previous Version of Select Subjects
We recognize the important contributions of the following contributors who were involved with the previous version of a subject that has since undergone an update/revision. The subject(s) that they were responsible for are listed after their affiliations.
Moira L. Aitken, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington
Bronchiectasis
Kenneth C. Anderson, MD
Kraft Family Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Plasma Cell Disorders
John A. Astin, PhD
California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Brian M. Berman, MD
Professor of Family Medicine; Director, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
John J. Caronna, MD
Professor of Clinical Neurology and Vice Chairman, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Stupor and Coma
Lan X. Chen, MD, PhD
Clinical Assistant Professor and Attending Rheumatologist, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center-Presbyterian and VAMC
Infections of Joints and Bones
William D. Chey, MD, FACG, FACP
Associate Professor, Director of Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, University of Michigan
Bezoars and Foreign Bodies
Jill M. Cholette, MD
Critical Care Pediatrics Fellow, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Perinatal Hematologic Disorders
Robert B. Cohen, DMD
Clinical Associate Professor and Practice Coordinator, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Facial Trauma; Common Dental Disorders; Dental Emergencies; Approach to the Patient With Nasal, Oral, and Pharyngeal Symptoms
Sidney Cohen, MD
Professor of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders
Daniel W. Collison, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Pigmentation Disorders; Psoriasis and Scaling Diseases
Ralph E. Cutler, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma Linda University School of Medicine; Consultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VAMC
Approach to the Genitourinary Patient; Tubulointerstitial Diseases; Urinary Tract Infections
Johanna P. Daily, MD
Associate Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Instructor, Harvard Medical School
Viruses
Ronald Dee, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
Peripheral Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
Craig S. Derkay, MD
Professor, Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School; Director, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk
Oropharyngeal Disorders
John E. Edwards, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA
Fungi
Jan Fawcett, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Mood Disorders
Wayne S. Fenton, MD
Associate Director for Clinical Affairs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
Thomas M. File, Jr., MD, MS
Professor of Internal Medicine and Master Teacher, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Disease Service, Summa Health System
Gram-Positive Cocci; Gram-Positive Bacilli
Eugene P. Frenkel, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research; Elaine Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research in honor of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Spleen Disorders; Anemias Caused by Deficient Erythropoiesis; Anemias Caused by Hemolysis; Approach to the Patient With Anemia; Overview of Cancer
Marvin P. Fried, MD
Professor and University Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center
Facial Trauma
Steven M. Fruchtman, MD
Medical Director of Hematology, Tibotec Therapeutics, Bridgewater, NJ
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Marc Galanter, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, New York University
Drug Use and Dependence
Barry Steven Gold, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Bites and Stings
Steven R. Goldstein, MD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine; Director of Gynecologic Ultrasound, Co-Director, Bone Densitometry, New York University Medical Center
Menstrual Abnormalities
Jerry H. Gurwitz, MD
Chief, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School; Executive Director, Meyers Primary Care Institute, Worcester
Drug Therapy in the Elderly
Judith G. Hall, Oc, MD, FRCP(C), FAAP, FCCMG, FABMG
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
Chromosomal Abnormalities
David M. Heimbach, MD
Professor of Surgery, University of Washington Burn Center, Harborview Medical Center
Burns
Michael J. Keating, MBBS
Professor of Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Leukemias
Nancy E. Lanphear, MD
Director of the Developmental Assessment Team for Infants and Toddlers and Pediatric Developmental Specialist, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Behavioral Concerns and Problems
Harvey Lemont, DPM
Professor, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine
Foot and Ankle Disorders
Norma B. Lerner, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong
Perinatal Hematologic Disorders
Charles J. Lockwood, MD
The Anita O'Keefe Young Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine; Chief, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Abnormalities of Pregnancy
Edward R. Marcantonio, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director of Research, Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Delirium and Dementia
Richard J. Martin, MD
Professor of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Asthma
Daniel Menkes, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Tennessee, Health Sciences Center at Memphis; Director, Clinical Neurophysiology Service and Winston Wolfe Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory
Seizure Disorders; Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
John E. Morley, MB, BCh
Dammert Professor of Gerontology and Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center; Director, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, St. Louis VA Medical Center
Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity
Lawrence F. Nazarian, MD
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Physical Growth and Development
Deborah L. Nucatola, MD
Fellow, Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
Family Planning
John S. Oghalai, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
Facial Trauma
Myung K. Park, MD
Professor (Emeritus), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Staff Cardiologist, Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi
Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies
Sidney F. Phillips, MD
Professor of Medicine, Karl F. and Marjory Hasselmann Professor of Research, Mayo Clinic
Approach to the Patient With Lower GI Complaints
Douglas J. Pritchard, MD
Consultant of Orthopedic Surgery and Oncology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester
Tumors of Bones and Joints
Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH
Co-Director of Clinical Trials and Clinical Instructor, Stanford University Department of Dermatology
Bullous Diseases; Hair Disorders
Norman Relkin, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Director, Cornell Memory Disorders Program, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Function and Dysfunction of the Cerebral Lobes
Sheldon M. Retchin, MD, MSPH
Vice President of Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University; Chief Executive Officer, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System
The Elderly Driver
Melvin I. Roat, MD
Assistant Surgeon, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia
Eye Injuries; Eyelid Disorders; Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders; Cataract
Lanny J. Rosenwasser, MD
Marjorie and Stephen Raphael Chair in Asthma Research; Professor, Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center; Professor of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Science Center
Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
Seyed-Ali Sadjadi, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Renal Replacement Therapy
H. Ralph Schumacher, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief of Rheumatology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia
Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease; Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders; Infections of Joints and Bones; Vasculitis
Kathy Schwarzenberger, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine (Dermatology), Dartmouth Medical School
Approach to the Dermatologic Patient; Reactions to Sunlight
Jerome B. Simon, MD, FRCP(C), FACP
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Division of Gastroenterology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
Drugs and the Liver; Hepatitis; Liver Masses and Granulomas, Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease
Robert Simon, MD
Professor and Executive FAAEM Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center
Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains
Tammy L. Harris Sims, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention; University of Wisconsin Medical School
Smoking Cessation
Carl V. Smith, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska College of Medicine
Abnormalities and Complications of Labor and Delivery
Steven Spencer, MD
Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Cancers of the Skin
Scott M. Steidl, MD
Associate Professor and Director of Vitreoretinal Services, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Retinal Disorders
Wendy Theobald, PhD
Assistant Researcher, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin
Smoking Cessation
Ronald Gary Tompkins, MD, ScD
John F. Burke Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Visiting Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
Acute Abdomen and Surgical Gastroenterology; GI Bleeding; Diverticular Disease
Paul J. Vankevich, DMD
Assistant Professor of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Tumors of the Head and Neck
Eva M. Vivian, PharmD
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Pomona
Pharmacokinetics
Yasmine Wasfi, MD
Instructor, Department of Medicine, Parker B. Francis Fellow, National Jewish Medical and Research Center; Instructor, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center
Sarcoidosis
Howard D. Weiss, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Johns Hopkins-Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
Headache
Eiji Yanagisawa, MD
Clinical Professor of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine
Facial Trauma
Thomas Michael Zizic, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Co-Director, Chesapeake Medical Research
Avascular Necrosis
Additional Acknowledgments
Although this online version of The Merck Manual is being continuously updated, some entries contain information and text from previous editions. In some cases, new contributors have replaced those who contributed to those editions. As is our tradition, we publish the names of only the contributors to the current edition. However, we recognize the important contributions of those contributors who made our previous editions a success.
Last full review/revision February 2010
Content last modified March 2010
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