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Following are 5 tables with reference values (intervals) for blood, urine, CSF, stool, and other fluids (eg, gastric acid). Table 6 lists commonly used panels. (NOTE: The reference values provided in these tables should be used as guidelines only.) Reference values vary based on several factors, including the demographics of the healthy population from which specimens were obtained and the specific methods and/or instruments used to assay these specimens. Laboratories that are accredited by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) are required to establish and/or validate their own reference values at least annually. Thus, any given result should be interpreted based on the reference value of the laboratory in which the test was done; the laboratory typically provides these values with the test result.
Last full review/revision February 2010
Content last modified November 2005
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