Search
SectionsIndexSymptoms
  • Cardiovascular Disorders
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Dental Disorders
  • Dermatologic Disorders
  • Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
  • Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
  • Eye Disorders
  • Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • Genitourinary Disorders
  • Geriatrics
  • Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Hematology and Oncology
  • Hepatic and Biliary Disorders
  • Immunology; Allergic Disorders
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Injuries; Poisoning
  • Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
  • Neurologic Disorders
  • Nutritional Disorders
  • Pediatrics
  • Psychiatric Disorders
  • Pulmonary Disorders
  • Special Subjects
ABCDEFGHI
JKLMNOPQR
STUVWXYZ
  • Abdominal Pain, Acute
  • Abdominal pain, Chronic
  • Alopecia
  • Amenorrhea
  • Amnesia
  • Anosmia
  • Bleeding, Excessive
  • Breast Lumps
  • Chest Pain
  • Constipation in Adults
  • Constipation in Children
  • Cough in Adults
  • Cough in Children
  • Crying
  • Diarrhea in Adults
  • Diarrhea in Children
  • Diplopia
  • Dizziness
  • Dry Mouth
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Dyspepsia
  • Dysphagia
  • Dyspnea
  • Dysuria
  • Earache
  • Ear Discharge
  • Edema
  • Edema During Late Pregnancy
  • Epistaxis
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Eyelid Swelling
  • Eye Pain
  • Fever
  • Fever, Acute, in Adults
  • Fever, Chronic (FUO)
  • Fever in Infants and Children
  • Floaters
  • Gas
  • Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • Halitosis
  • Headache
  • Hearing Loss
  • Hearing Loss: Sudden Deafness
  • Hematospermia
  • Hematuria
  • Hemoptysis
  • Hiccups
  • Hirsutism
  • Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
  • Itching
  • Itching, Anal
  • Jaundice in Adults
  • Jaundice in Neonates
  • Joint Pain, Monarticular
  • Joint Pain, Polyarticular
  • Knee pain
  • Lump in Throat
  • Nasal Congestion and Rhinorrhea
  • Nausea and Vomiting During Early pPregnancy
  • Nausea and Vomiting in Adults
  • Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children
  • Neck and Back Pain
  • Neck Mass
  • Nipple Discharge
  • Orthostatis Hypotension
  • Pain
  • Pain, Chronic
  • Palpitations
  • Pelvic Pain
  • Pelvic Pain During Early Pregnancy
  • Polyuria
  • Priapism
  • Red Eye
  • Scrotal Pain
  • Sore Throat
  • Stomatitis
  • Stridor
  • Syncope
  • Tearing
  • Tinnitus
  • Toothache
  • Tremor
  • Urinary Frequency
  • Urinary Incontinence in Adults
  • Urinary Incontinence in Children
  • Urinary Retention
  • Urticaria
  • Vaginal Bleeding
  • Vaginal Bleeding During Early Pregnancy
  • Vaginal Bleeding During Late Pregnancy
  • Vaginal Itching and Discharge
  • Vision, Blurred
  • Vision Loss, Acute
  • Weakness, Generalized
  • Wheezing
Resources
  • About The Merck Manual
  • Ready Reference Guides
  • Trade Names of Some Commonly Used Drugs
  • Normal Laboratory Values
  • Clinical Calculators
  • Multimedia
  • Selected Links
Manuals available online
'/home/index.html' + bookPageLink
 
'/professional/index.html'
These and other Manuals available
in print, online, and as mobile applications.

See more at MerckManuals.com
Sections in Health Care Professionals
  • Cardiovascular Disorders
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Dental Disorders
  • Dermatologic Disorders
  • Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
  • Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
  • Eye Disorders
  • Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • Genitourinary Disorders
  • Geriatrics
  • Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Hematology and Oncology
  • Hepatic and Biliary Disorders
  • Immunology; Allergic Disorders
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Injuries; Poisoning
  • Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
  • Neurologic Disorders
  • Nutritional Disorders
  • Pediatrics
  • Psychiatric Disorders
  • Pulmonary Disorders
  • Special Subjects
 
  • Merck Manual
  • >
  • Health Care Professionals
  • >
  • Hematology and Oncology
 
Hematology and Oncology
Approach to the Patient With Anemia
Red Blood Cell Production
Etiology of Anemia
expand / collapse Evaluation of Anemia
History
Physical Examination
Testing
Treatment of Anemia
Anemias Caused by Deficient Erythropoiesis
Decreased Erythropoiesis
expand / collapse Iron Deficiency Anemia
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Iron absorption
Iron transport and usage
Iron storage and recycling
Iron deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sideroblastic Anemias
expand / collapse Anemia of Chronic Disease
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Hypoproliferative Anemias
Anemia of renal disease
Other hypoproliferative anemias
expand / collapse Aplastic Anemia
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Myelophthisic Anemia
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Myelodysplasia and Iron-Transport Deficiency Anemia
Anemias Caused by Hemolysis
expand / collapseOverview of Hemolytic Anemia
expand / collapseEtiology
Disorders extrinsic to the RBC
Intrinsic RBC abnormalities
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Normal RBC processing
Extravascular hemolysis
Intravascular hemolysis
Consequences of hemolysis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
expand / collapseEtiology
Warm antibody hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Warm antibody hemolytic anemias
Cold agglutinin disease
expand / collapse Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Traumatic Hemolytic Anemia
expand / collapse Hereditary Spherocytosis and Hereditary Elliptocytosis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Stomatocytosis and Anemia Caused by Hypophosphatemia
Stomatocytosis
Anemia caused by hypophosphatemia
Embden-Meyerhof Pathway Defects
expand / collapse Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Sickle Cell Disease
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Acute exacerbations
Complications
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Heterozygotes
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Prenatal screening
Newborn screening
Screening and diagnosis of children and adults
Evaluation of exacerbations
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Antibiotics
Analgesics
Transfusion
Health maintenance
Hemoglobin C Disease
Hemoglobin S-C Disease
Hemoglobin E Disease
expand / collapse Thalassemias
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Hemoglobin S–β-Thalassemia Disease
Neutropenia and Lymphocytopenia
Definition of Neutropenia and Leukopenia
expand / collapse Neutropenia
expand / collapseEtiology
Neutropenia caused by intrinsic defects in myeloid cells or their precursors
Secondary neutropenia
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Evaluation for infection
Identification of cause
expand / collapseTreatment
Acute neutropenia
Chronic neutropenia
Key Points
expand / collapse Lymphocytopenia
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Dysfunction
expand / collapseOverview of Platelet Disorders
expand / collapseEtiology
Thrombocythemia and thrombocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Platelet dysfunction
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Thrombocytopenia
Suspected platelet dysfunction
Treatment
expand / collapse Acquired Platelet Dysfunction
Drugs
Systemic disorders
Cardiopulmonary bypass
expand / collapse Hereditary Intrinsic Platelet Disorders
Disorders of adhesion
Disorders of activation
expand / collapse Von Willebrand Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
Thrombocytopenia Due to Splenic Sequestration
expand / collapseThrombocytopenia: Other Causes
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Blood transfusions
Connective tissue and lymphoproliferative disorders
Drug-induced immunologic destruction
Infections
Pregnancy
Sepsis
expand / collapse Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseEtiology
Children
Adults
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Causes
Treatment
Key Points
Hemostasis
expand / collapseOverview of Hemostasis
Vascular Factors
Platelet Factors
Plasma Factors
expand / collapse Regulatory Mechanisms
Inactivation of coagulation factors
Fibrinolysis
Regulation of fibrinolysis
expand / collapse Excessive Bleeding
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Thrombotic Disorders
expand / collapseOverview of Thrombotic Disorders
Etiology
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Predisposing factors
Treatment
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Antithrombin Deficiency
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Factor V Resistance to Activated Protein C (APC)
Protein C Deficiency
Protein S Deficiency
Protein Z Deficiency
Prothrombin 20210 Gene Mutation
Coagulation Disorders
Overview of Coagulation Disorders
expand / collapse Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Hemophilia
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment
expand / collapse Coagulation Disorders Caused by Circulating Anticoagulants
Factor VIII Anticoagulants
Uncommon Hereditary Coagulation Disorders
Bleeding Due to Abnormal Blood Vessels
Overview of Vascular Bleeding Disorders
Autoerythrocyte Sensitization
Dysproteinemias Causing Vascular Purpura
expand / collapse Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Screening
Treatment
Key Points
Purpura Simplex
Senile Purpura
Spleen Disorders
Overview of the Spleen
expand / collapse Splenomegaly
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Testing
Treatment
expand / collapse Hypersplenism
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Eosinophilic Disorders
Eosinophil Production and Function
expand / collapse Eosinophilia
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Testing
Treatment
expand / collapse Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Subtypes
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Immediate therapy
Definitive therapy
Supportive therapy
Histiocytic Syndromes
Overview of Histiocytic Syndromes
expand / collapse Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Eosinophilic granuloma
Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
Letterer-Siwe disease
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Overview of Myeloproliferative Disorders
expand / collapse Essential Thrombocythemia
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Thrombocytosis
expand / collapsePrimary Myelofibrosis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Polycythemia Vera
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Complications
Genetic basis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Aspirin
Phlebotomy
Myelosuppressive therapy
Treatment of complications
expand / collapse Secondary Erythrocytosis
Evaluation
Leukemias
expand / collapseOverview of Leukemia
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Classification
expand / collapse Acute Leukemia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Supportive care
expand / collapse Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Induction therapy
CNS prophylaxis
Consolidation therapy
Maintenance therapy
Relapse
Key Points
expand / collapse Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML)
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Induction therapy
Consolidation therapy
Relapse
Key Points
expand / collapse Chronic Leukemia
expand / collapse Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Chemotherapy
Corticosteroids
Monoclonal antibody therapy
Radiation therapy
Key Points
expand / collapse Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
Lymphomas
Overview of Lymphoma
expand / collapse Hodgkin Lymphoma
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Staging
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Complications of treatment
Posttreatment surveillance
Key Points
expand / collapse Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Staging
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Localized disease (stages I and II)
Advanced disease (stages III and IV)
Lymphoma relapse
Complications of treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Burkitt Lymphoma
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Mycosis Fungoides
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Plasma Cell Disorders
expand / collapseOverview of Plasma Cell Disorders
Pathophysiology
expand / collapse Heavy Chain Diseases
IgA Heavy Chain Disease
IgG Heavy Chain Disease
IgM Heavy Chain Disease
expand / collapse Macroglobulinemia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)
expand / collapse Multiple Myeloma
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Treatment of malignant cells
Treatment of complications
Iron Overload
Overview of Iron Overload
Hemosiderosis
expand / collapse Hereditary Hemochromatosis
expand / collapseEtiology
Type 1 hereditary hemochromatosis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
type 2 hereditary hemochromatosis
type 3 hereditary hemochromatosis
type 4 hereditary hemochromatosis
Transferrin and Ceruloplasmin Deficiency
expand / collapse Secondary Iron Overload
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Transfusion Medicine
Introduction
expand / collapse Blood Collection
Pretransfusion Testing
expand / collapse Blood Products
RBCs
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
WBCs
Immune globulins
Platelets
Other products
Technique of Transfusion
expand / collapse Complications of Transfusion
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR)
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
Allergic reactions
Volume overload
Acute lung injury
Altered oxygen affinity
Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD)
Complications of massive transfusion
Infectious complications
expand / collapse Therapeutic Apheresis
Plasma exchange
Cytapheresis
Overview of Cancer
Introduction
expand / collapse Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cancer
Cellular Kinetics
Tumor Growth and Metastasis
expand / collapse Molecular Abnormalities
Oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes
Chromosomal abnormalities
Other influences
expand / collapseEnvironmental Factors
Infections
Radiation
Drugs and chemicals
Dietary substances
Physical factors
Immunologic Disorders
expand / collapse Cancer Diagnosis
History
Physical examination
Testing
expand / collapse Staging
Imaging tests
Laboratory tests
Invasive tests
Cancer Screening
Clinical Sequelae of Cancer
Metastatic Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Origin
expand / collapse Paraneoplastic Syndromes
General paraneoplastic symptoms
Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes
Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes
GI paraneoplastic syndromes
Hematologic paraneoplastic syndromes
Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes
Renal paraneoplastic syndrome
Rheumatologic paraneoplastic syndromes
Tumor Immunology
Introduction
Tumor Antigens
expand / collapse Host Response to Tumors
Cellular Immunity
Humoral Immunity
Failure of Host Defenses
Tumor Immunodiagnosis
expand / collapse Immunotherapy of Cancer
Passive Cellular Immunotherapy
Passive Humoral Immunotherapy
Active Specific Immunotherapy
Nonspecific Immunotherapy
Principles of Cancer Therapy
Overview of Cancer Therapy
expand / collapseModalities of Cancer Therapy
expand / collapse Surgery
Primary tumor resection
Resection of metastases
Cytoreduction
Palliative surgery
Reconstructive surgery
expand / collapse Radiation Therapy
Types of radiation therapy
Adverse effects
expand / collapse Chemotherapy
Cytotoxic drugs
Hormonal therapy
Biologic response modifiers
Differentiating drugs
Antiangiogenesis drugs
Signal transduction inhibitors
Monoclonal antibodies
expand / collapse Multimodality and Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Adjuvant therapy
Neoadjuvant therapy
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Gene Therapy
expand / collapse Management of Adverse Effects of Cancer Therapy
Nausea and Vomiting
expand / collapse Cytopenias
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Neutropenia
Gastrointestinal Effects
Pain
Depression
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
expand / collapse Cachexia in Cancer
Treatment
Incurable Cancer
Audio
Figures
Photographs
Sidebars
Tables
Videos

Copyright     © 2010-2013 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, N.J., U.S.A.    Privacy    Terms of Use