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Al

Alagille syndrome

Neonatal Cholestasis: Etiology
Examples of Contiguous Gene SyndromesTables

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

The Asymptomatic Patient With Abnormal Laboratory Test Results: Aminotransferases
Common Patterns of Laboratory Test AbnormalitiesTables
Laboratory Tests of the Liver and Gallbladder: Aminotransferases

  • in acute viral hepatitis

  • Acute Viral Hepatitis: Initial diagnosis

  • in alcoholic liver disease

  • Alcoholic Liver Disease: Diagnosis
    Acute Viral Hepatitis: Initial diagnosis

  • in chronic viral hepatitis

  • Chronic Hepatitis: Diagnosis

    Albendazole

    Echinococcosis: Treatment
    Microsporidiosis: Treatment

  • in neurocysticercosis

  • Helminthic Brain Infections: Neurocysticercosis

    Albers-Schönberg disease

    Osteopetroses: Osteopetrosis with delayed manifestations (Albers-Schönberg disease)

    Alberts disease

    Anterior Achilles Tendon Bursitis

    Albinism

    Reactions to Sunlight: Pathophysiology
    Albinism

  • tyrosine deficiency and

  • Disorders of Amino Acid and Organic Acid MetabolismTables
    Amino Acid and Organic Acid Metabolism Disorders: Oculocutaneous albinism

    Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy

    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pseudohypoparathyroidism
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Diagnosis

    Albright's syndrome

    Other Bone Lesions: Fibrous dysplasia

    Albumin

  • blood levels of

  • see also Hypoalbuminemia
    Laboratory Tests of the Liver and Gallbladder: Serum proteins
    Estimation of Ionized Calcium ConcentrationSidebars

  • in ascites

  • Ascites: Diagnosis

  • in chronic viral hepatitis

  • Chronic Hepatitis: Diagnosis

  • in cirrhosis

  • Child-Turcotte-Pugh Scoring SystemTables

  • dialysis and

  • Medical Aspects of Long-Term Renal Replacement Therapy: Diet

  • in elderly

  • Pharmacokinetics in the Elderly: Distribution

  • malabsorption and

  • Malabsorption Syndromes: Diagnosis

  • protein-energy undernutrition and

  • Values Commonly Used to Grade the Severity of Protein-Energy UndernutritionTables

  • undernutrition and

  • Undernutrition: Testing

  • in cirrhosis

  • Child-Turcotte-Pugh Scoring SystemTables

  • drug binding to

  • Drug Distribution to Tissues: Binding

  • thyroid hormone binding of

  • Thyroid Disorders: Synthesis and Release of Thyroid Hormones

  • urinary

  • see also Proteinuria
    Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetic nephropathy
    Approach to the Genitourinary Patient: Urinalysis
    Approach to the Genitourinary Patient: Other urine tests
    Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathophysiology
    Nephrotic Syndrome: Urinary protein

  • in atherosclerosis

  • Atherosclerosis: Asymptomatic patients (screening)

  • in hypertension

  • Hypertension: Testing

    Albumin:creatinine ratio

    Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetic nephropathy
    Approach to the Genitourinary Patient: Other urine tests

    Albuterol

  • in asthma

  • Drug Treatment of Chronic Asthma*Tables
    Drug Treatment of Chronic Asthma*Tables
    Drug Treatment of Asthma Exacerbations*Tables

  • in COPD

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Disorders: Drug therapy
    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Disorders: Drug therapy

  • in elderly

  • Effect of Aging on Drug ResponseTables

  • in hyperkalemia

  • Disorders of Potassium Concentration: Moderate to severe hyperkalemia

    Alcohol

  • abuse of

  • see Alcohol abuse

  • atherosclerosis and

  • Atherosclerosis: Diet

  • blood levels of

  • Alcohol: Acute effects

  • during breastfeeding

  • Some Drugs Contraindicated for Breastfeeding MothersTables

  • hepatic metabolism of

  • Alcoholic Liver Disease: Pathophysiology

  • overdose of

  • Alcohol: Toxicity or overdose

  • poisoning with

  • Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

  • pregnancy and

  • Risk Factors for Complications During Pregnancy: Exposure to teratogens
    Prenatal Drug Exposure: Alcohol

  • sleep disorders and

  • Approach to the Patient With a Sleep or Wakefulness Disorder: Other sedatives

  • vitamin interactions with

  • Nutrient-Drug Interactions
    Potential Vitamin-Drug InteractionsTables
    Folate: Etiology and Pathophysiology

    Alcohol abuse

    Alcohol

  • benign transient amnesia and

  • Amnesias: Transient Global Amnesia

  • by elderly

  • Evaluation of the Elderly Patient: Alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drug use history
    Drug-Disease Interactions in the ElderlyTables
    Screening Recommendations For Elderly PatientsTables

  • fetal effects of

  • Prenatal Drug Exposure: Alcohol

  • hypomagnesemia and

  • Disorders of Magnesium Concentration: Diagnosis

  • hypophosphatemia and

  • Disorders of Phosphate Concentration: Etiology

  • hypopituitarism vs

  • Differentiation of Generalized Hypopituitarism from Other Selected DisordersTables

  • ketoacidosis and

  • Alcoholic Ketoacidosis

  • Korsakoff's psychosis with

  • Alcohol: Korsakoff's Psychosis

  • liver disease and

  • Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease: Pathophysiology
    Alcoholic Liver Disease
    Differentiation of Generalized Hypopituitarism from Other Selected DisordersTables

  • macrocytosis and

  • Nonmegaloblastic MacrocytosisSidebars

  • Marchiafava-Bignami disease with

  • Alcohol: Marchiafava-Bignami Disease

  • oral cancer and

  • Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • pancreatitis and

  • Acute Pancreatitis: Pathophysiology

  • peptic ulcer disease and

  • Peptic Ulcer Disease: Etiology
    Peptic Ulcer Disease: Adjuncts

  • poisoning with

  • Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

  • rehabilitation for

  • Alcohol: Alcohol Problems and Rehabilitation

  • screening for

  • Levels of Screening for Alcohol ProblemsTables
    Screening Recommendations For Elderly PatientsTables

  • spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with

  • Ascites: Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis(SBP)

  • suicide and

  • Suicidal Behavior: Etiology

  • surgery and

  • Perioperative Management: Drug dependence

  • thiamin deficiency and

  • Thiamin: Symptoms and Signs

  • treatment of

  • Alcohol: Treatment
    Alcohol: Treatment
    Brief Interventions for Alcohol ProblemsTables

  • undernutrition and

  • Undernutrition: Alcohol or drug dependency

  • Wernicke's encephalopathy with

  • Alcohol: Wernicke's Encephalopathy

  • withdrawal from

  • Alcohol: Withdrawal
    Alcohol: Withdrawal

    Alcohol dehydrogenase

    Alcoholic Liver Disease: Alcohol absorption and metabolism

    Alcoholic ketoacidosis

    Alcoholic Ketoacidosis

    Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

    Alcohol: Maintenance

    Alcoholism

    see Alcohol abuse

    Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 deficiency

    Examples of Pharmacogenetic VariationsTables

    Aldicarb poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Aldolase B deficiency

    Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders: Fructose 1-phosphate aldolase (aldolase B) deficiency

    Aldosterone

  • deficiency of

  • Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA): Type 4 (generalized) RTA

  • heart failure and

  • Heart Failure: Renal responses

  • hypertension and

  • Hypertension: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

    Aldosterone receptor blockers

    Heart Failure: Aldosterone receptor blockers

    Aldosteronism

  • primary

  • Primary Aldosteronism
    Differential Diagnosis of AldosteronismTables
    Causes of Metabolic AlkalosisTables

  • secondary

  • Differential Diagnosis of AldosteronismTables
    Secondary Aldosteronism
    Causes of Metabolic AlkalosisTables

    Aldrin poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Alefacept

    Some Immunotherapeutic Agents in Clinical Use* Tables

    Alemtuzumab

    Chronic Leukemia: Monoclonal antibody therapy
    Commonly Used Antineoplastic DrugsTables
    Some Immunotherapeutic Agents in Clinical Use* Tables

    Alendronate

    Osteoporosis: Preserving bone mass
    Drug Therapy for Paget's DiseaseTables

  • in osteogenesis imperfecta

  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Treatment

    Aleppo boil

    Leishmaniasis: Pathophysiology

    Alexia

    Aphasia

    Alfuzosin

    Drugs Used to Treat Incontinence Tables

    Alginates

    Options for Pressure Ulcer DressingsTables
    Pressure Ulcers: Ulcer care

    Alimentary tract

    see Gastrointestinal tract

    Aliskiren

    Hypertension: Direct renin inhibitor

    Alkalemia

    Acid-Base Disorders
    Clinical Consequences of Acid-Base DisordersTables
    Metabolic Alkalosis: Symptoms and Signs

    Alkali

  • burns with

  • Ocular Burns: Chemical burns
    Burns: Etiology
    Burns: Initial treatment
    Caustic Ingestion

    Alkaline diuresis

    Poisoning: Alkaline diuresis
    Aspirin and Other Salicylate Poisoning: Treatment

    Alkaline phosphatase

    The Asymptomatic Patient With Abnormal Laboratory Test Results: Alkaline phosphatase
    Common Patterns of Laboratory Test AbnormalitiesTables
    Laboratory Tests of the Liver and Gallbladder: Alkaline phosphatase
    Laboratory Tests of the Liver and Gallbladder: Alkaline phosphatase

  • in acute viral hepatitis

  • Acute Viral Hepatitis: Initial diagnosis

  • in chronic viral hepatitis

  • Chronic Hepatitis: Diagnosis

  • deficiency of

  • Congenital Hypophosphatasia

  • disease-related alterations in

  • Laboratory Tests of the Liver and Gallbladder: Alkaline phosphatase
    Laboratory Tests of the Liver and Gallbladder: Alkaline phosphatase

  • during pregnancy

  • Physiology of Pregnancy: GI and hepatobiliary

  • in jaundice

  • Jaundice: Testing

  • in vitamin D deficiency

  • Vitamin D: Diagnosis

    Alkali sulfide poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Alkalosis

    Acid-Base Disorders

  • metabolic

  • Acid-Base Disorders: Classification
    Primary Changes and Compensations in Simple Acid-Base DisordersTables
    Acid-Base Disorders: Diagnosis
    Metabolic Alkalosis
    Causes of Metabolic AlkalosisTables

  • gastroenteritis and

  • Gastroenteritis: Symptoms and Signs

  • pseudorespiratory

  • Respiratory Alkalosis: Pseudorespiratory alkalosis

  • respiratory

  • Acid-Base Disorders: Classification
    Primary Changes and Compensations in Simple Acid-Base DisordersTables
    Acid-Base Disorders: Diagnosis
    Respiratory Alkalosis

  • heart failure and

  • Heart Failure: LV failure

  • infection and

  • Manifestations of Infection: Clinical

  • septic shock and

  • Sepsis and Septic Shock: Diagnosis

  • ticarcillin and

  • β-Lactams: Other adverse effects

    Alkaptonuria

    Disorders of Amino Acid and Organic Acid MetabolismTables
    Amino Acid and Organic Acid Metabolism Disorders: Alkaptonuria

    Alkylating agents

    see also Cancer chemotherapy
    Common Chemical CarcinogensTables
    Commonly Used Antineoplastic DrugsTables
    Modalities of Cancer Therapy: Cytotoxic drugs

    Allen's test

    Measurement of Gas Exchange: Arterial Blood Gas Sampling
    Vascular Access: Procedure
    Thromboangiitis Obliterans: Symptoms and Signs

    Allergens

    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Allergens

  • desensitization for

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Immunotherapy

  • removal of

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Environmental control
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Prevention

    Allergic alveolitis

    Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
    Examples of Hypersensitivity PneumonitisTables
    Diagnostic Criteria for Hypersensitivity PneumonitisTables

    Allergic angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)

    Churg-Strauss Syndrome

    Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

    Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
    Diagnostic Criteria for Allergic Bronchopulmonary AspergillosisTables
    Stages of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis*Tables
    Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Respiratory

    Allergic rhinitis

    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Allergic Rhinitis

    Allergy

    see also Anaphylaxis
    see also Asthma
    see also Hypersensitivity reactions
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders

  • anaphylaxis in

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Symptoms and Signs
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Symptoms and Signs
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Anaphylaxis

  • anesthetic

  • Lacerations: Local anesthesia

  • antihistamines in

  • Oral H1 BlockersTables
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Antihistamines

  • asthma and

  • Asthma and Related Disorders: Etiology
    Asthma and Related Disorders: Other tests
    Occupational Asthma

  • bee sting

  • Insect Stings

  • blood transfusion and

  • Complications of Transfusion: Allergic reactions

  • bronchial challenge for

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Specific tests

  • cardiac catheterization and

  • Cardiac Catheterization: Complications

  • chronic fatigue syndrome and

  • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Etiology

  • conjunctivitis and

  • Red Eye
    Some Causes of Red EyeTables
    Conjunctivitis: Allergic Conjunctivitis

  • contrast media

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Prevention
    Principles of Radiologic Imaging: Allergic-type contrast reactions

  • diphtheria antitoxin

  • Diphtheria: Treatment

  • drug

  • Drug Hypersensitivity
    Adverse Drug Reactions: Etiology

  • anaphylaxis and

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Anaphylaxis

  • dust mite

  • Mite Bites

  • egg

  • Immunization: Risks, Restrictions, and High-Risk Groups

  • eosinophilia and

  • Eosinophilia: Etiology
    Important Disorders and Treatments Associated With EosinophiliaTables
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Nonspecific tests

  • eyelid swelling and

  • Eyelid Swelling
    Some Causes of Eyelid SwellingTables

  • food

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Food Allergy
    Allowable Foods in Elimination Diets*Tables

  • insulin

  • Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Complications of insulin treatment

  • latex

  • Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Complications of insulin treatment
    Latex SensitivitySidebars

  • methylparaben

  • Lacerations: Local anesthesia

  • multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome vs

  • Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: Diagnosis

  • patch testing in

  • Contact Dermatitis: Diagnosis

  • penicillin

  • see also Penicillin, allergy to
    Drug Hypersensitivity: Pathophysiology
    β-Lactams: Adverse Effects

  • prevention of

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Prevention

  • provocative testing for

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Specific tests

  • radioallergosorbent test for

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Specific tests
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Diagnosis

  • rhinitis and

  • Asthma and Related Disorders: Triggers
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Allergic Rhinitis

  • stomatitis and

  • Some Causes of StomatitisTables

  • sunlight

  • Contact Dermatitis: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)
    Photosensitivity: Polymorphous light eruption

  • sunscreen

  • Reactions to Sunlight: Sunscreens

  • tests for

  • Asthma and Related Disorders: Other tests
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Specific tests

  • treatment of

  • Oral H1 BlockersTables
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Treatment
    Inhaled Nasal Corticosteroids and Mast Cell StabilizersTables

  • vaccination and

  • Immunization: Risks, Restrictions, and High-Risk Groups

    Alligator bite

    Other Reptile Bites

    Allodynia

    Neuropathic Pain: Symptoms and Signs

    Allograft

    see also Transplantation
    Transplantation

    Allopurinol

  • in gout

  • Gout: Lowering the serum urate level

  • in polycythemia vera

  • Polycythemia Vera: Treatment of complications

  • in tumor lysis syndrome

  • Management of Adverse Effects of Cancer Therapy: Tumor Lysis Syndrome

    Almond oil poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables
    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Almotriptan

    Drugs for Migraine and Cluster Headaches*Tables

    Aloe spp poisoning

    Moderately Poisonous PlantsTables

    Alopecia

    Alopecia
    Classification and Causes of AlopeciaTables
    Interpreting Findings in AlopeciaTables

  • cancer-related

  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes

    Alopecia areata

    Alopecia: Alopecia Areata

    Alpha1-acid glycoprotein

    Components of the Immune System: Acute Phase Reactants

    Alpha-adrenergic agonists

  • in elderly

  • Drug-Disease Interactions in the ElderlyTables

  • in hypertension

  • Adrenergic Modifiers for HypertensionTables

  • in pain

  • Drugs for Neuropathic PainTables

    Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents

    Adrenergic Modifiers for HypertensionTables
    Hypertension: Adrenergic modifiers

  • in elderly

  • Drug-Disease Interactions in the ElderlyTables

    Alpha-chain disease

    Heavy Chain Diseases: IgA Heavy Chain Disease

    Alpha-fetoprotein

    see α-Fetoprotein

    Alphaprodine poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Alphavirus infection

    Some Exanthematous VirusesTables
    Some Neurologic VirusesTables
    Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus DiseasesTables

    Alport's syndrome

    Nephritic Syndrome: Hereditary Nephritis

    Alprazolam

    BenzodiazepinesTables

  • drug interactions of

  • Some Drugs With Potentially Serious Drug Interactions*Tables

  • in elderly

  • Effect of Aging on Drug Metabolism* and EliminationTables
    High-Risk Drugs in the Elderly (Based on the Beers Criteria)Tables

    Alprostadil

    Erectile Dysfunction: Drugs

    ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

    Examples of Disorders Associated With Defects in NeurotransmissionTables
    Motor Neuron Disorders: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

    Alström syndrome

    Major Groups of Cystic NephropathiesTables

    ALTE (apparent life-threatening event)

    Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Children
    Diagnostic Tests for Causes of Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE)Tables

    Alteplase

    Hemostasis: Fibrinolysis
    Examples of Disorders Associated With Defects in NeurotransmissionTables

  • in myocardial infarction

  • Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): Fibrinolytics
    IV Fibrinolytic Drugs Available in the USTables

  • in pulmonary embolism

  • Pulmonary Embolism: Clot elimination

    Altered sleep phase syndromes

    Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, altered sleep phase types

    Alternative medicine

    Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    Differences Between Conventional and Alternative MedicineTables
    Types of Alternative MedicineTables

  • dietary supplements in

  • Dietary Supplements
    Some Possible Dietary Supplement–Drug Interactions*Tables

    Altitude sickness

    Altitude Sickness

  • hypoxemia and

  • Measurement of Gas Exchange: Hypoxemia with normal (A-a)Do2

    Altitudinal field defect

    Types of Field Defects Tables

    Aluminum

  • phosphate depletion and

  • Disorders of Phosphate Concentration: Etiology

  • toxicity of

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Hyperparathyroidism
    Medical Aspects of Long-Term Renal Replacement Therapy: Aluminum toxicity

    Aluminum acetate

    Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy: Astringents

    Aluminum chloride

    Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Postphlebitic Syndrome: Treatment
    Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy: Drying agents
    Hyperhidrosis: Treatment

    Aluminum hydroxide

    Drug Treatment of Gastric Acidity: Antacids

    Aluminum sulfate and calcium acetate

    Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy: Astringents

    Alveolar-arterial (A-a) O2 gradient

    Measurement of Gas Exchange: Oxygenation
    Respiratory Acidosis: Diagnosis

    Alveolar hemorrhage

  • diffuse

  • Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome

  • glomerulonephritis with

  • Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome
    Causes of Pulmonary-Renal SyndromeTables

    Alveolar proteinosis

    Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

    Alveolar ridge

    Dental Anatomy and Development: Supporting tissues

  • atrophy of

  • Dental Anatomy and Development: Supporting tissues
    Evaluation of the Dental Patient: Physical examination

    Alveolitis

  • allergic

  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
    Examples of Hypersensitivity PneumonitisTables
    Diagnostic Criteria for Hypersensitivity PneumonitisTables

  • fibrosing

  • Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

  • postextraction

  • Postextraction Problems: Alveolitis and osteomyelitis

    Alzheimer's disease

    Amyloidosis: A β-protein amyloidosis
    Examples of Disorders Associated With Defects in NeurotransmissionTables
    Dementia: Alzheimer's Disease
    Modified Hachinski Ischemic ScoreTables
    Differences Between Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body DementiaTables
    Drugs for Alzheimer's DiseaseTables

  • Down syndrome and

  • Down Syndrome: Pathophysiology

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