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Pronunciation
(a SEE toe hye droks am ik AS id)
Generic Available (U.S.)
No
Index Terms
Brand Names: U.S.
Brand Names: Canada
Pharmacologic Category
Use: Labeled Indications
Adjunctive therapy in chronic urea-splitting urinary infection
Pregnancy Risk Factor
X
Pregnancy Considerations
Teratogenic effects were observed in animal reproduction studies. Use is contraindicated in pregnant women.
Lactation
Excretion in breast milk unknown/not recommended
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to acetohydroxamic acid or any component of the formulation; pregnancy
Warnings/Precautions
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• Bone marrow suppression: May suppress bone marrow function; use with caution in patients with prior bone marrow depression. Close monitoring of hematologic function is recommended.
• Hemolytic anemia: Has been associated with hemolytic anemia (Coombs' negative), which may be associated with gastrointestinal distress and systemic symptoms; use with caution in patients with anemia. Monitor hematologic parameters during extended therapy.
• Hepatotoxicity: May cause hepatic injury; close monitoring of hepatic function is recommended.
Disease-related concerns:
• Psychiatric disorders: Use with caution in patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorders; may be associated with nervousness, anxiety, and/or depression.
Adverse Reactions
Frequency not defined.
Cardiovascular: Deep vein thrombosis (rare), embolism, palpitation, phlebitis
Central nervous system: Anorexia, anxiety, depression, headache, malaise, nervousness, tremor
Dermatologic: Flushing (with ethanol consumption), rash (nonpruritic, macular)
Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting
Hematologic: Hemolytic anemia (15% with laboratory evidence; ~3% severe requiring discontinuation; may be accompanied by GI symptoms or systemic complaints of malaise and/or fatigue); hyperbilirubinemia
Respiratory: Pulmonary embolism (rare)
Metabolism/Transport Effects
None known.
Drug Interactions
There are no known significant interactions.
Ethanol/Nutrition/Herb Interactions
Ethanol: Avoid ethanol (may increase incidence of rash and/or flushing).
Food: May decrease absorption of acetohydroxamic acid.
Mechanism of Action
Acetohydroxamic acid inhibits bacterial urease enzymes, decreasing the formation of ammonia in the urine by urea-splitting organisms. A reduction in urinary ammonia may increase the antibacterial activity of some antibiotic agents.
Dosage
Oral:
Children: Initial: 10 mg/kg/day
Adults: 250 mg 3-4 times/day for a total daily dose of 10-15 mg/kg/day
Dosage adjustment in renal impairment: Not recommended for use in significant renal impairment (Srcr >2.5 mg/dL)
Administration: Oral
Should be administered on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Monitoring Parameters
In patients receiving therapy >2 weeks, monitor CBC with reticulocytes at 3-month intervals during the duration of treatment.
Dietary Considerations
Should be taken on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment
No significant effects or complications reported
Dental Health: Vasoconstrictor/Local Anesthetic Precautions
No information available to require special precautions
Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status
None reported
Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment
None reported
Dosage Forms
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet, oral:
Lithostat®: 250 mg
Pricing: U.S. (www.drugstore.com)
Tablets (Lithostat)
250 mg (100): $169.98
International Brand Names
Lexi-Comp.com
Last full review/revision January 2012
Content last modified January 2012
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