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standards of non-Merck sources.
ALERT: U.S. Boxed Warning
The FDA-approved labeling includes a boxed warning. See Warnings/Precautions section for a concise summary of this information. For verbatim wording of the boxed warning, consult the product labeling or www.fda.gov.
Pronunciation
(SIS pla tin)
Generic Available (U.S.)
Yes
Index Terms
Pharmacologic Category
Pharmacologic Category Synonyms
Use: Labeled Indications
Treatment of advanced bladder cancer, metastatic testicular cancer, and metastatic ovarian cancer
Use: Unlabeled
Treatment of head and neck cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer; Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; neuroblastoma; sarcomas, myeloma, melanoma, mesothelioma, hepatoblastoma, and osteosarcoma
Pregnancy Risk Factor
D
Pregnancy Considerations
Animal studies have demonstrated teratogenicity and embryotoxicity. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to avoid pregnancy. If used in pregnancy, or if patient becomes pregnant during treatment, the patient should be apprised of potential hazard to the fetus.
Lactation
Enters breast milk/not recommended
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cisplatin, other platinum-containing compounds, or any component of the formulation (anaphylactic-like reactions have been reported); pre-existing renal impairment; myelosuppression; hearing impairment
Warnings/Precautions
Boxed warnings:
• Experienced physician: See “Other warnings/precautions” below.
• Hypersensitivity/anaphylactoid reactions: See “Concerns related to adverse effects” below.
• Medication safety (usual maximum dose per cycle): See “Other warnings/precautions” below.
• Ototoxicity: See “Concerns related to adverse effects” below.
• Renal toxicity: See “Concerns related to adverse effects” below.
Special handling:
• Hazardous agent: Use appropriate precautions for handling and disposal.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• Dose-related toxicities: Myelosuppression, nausea, and vomiting are dose-related toxicities with use.
• Hypersensitivity/anaphylactoid reactions: [U.S. Boxed Warnings]: Anaphylactic-like reactions have been reported; may be managed with epinephrine, corticosteroids, and/or antihistamines.
• Neuropathy: Severe and possibly irreversible neuropathies may occur with higher than recommended doses or more frequent regimen.
• Ototoxicity: [U.S. Boxed Warnings]: Ototoxicity, especially pronounced in children, is manifested by tinnitus or loss of high frequency hearing and occasionally, deafness.
• Renal toxicity: [U.S. Boxed Warning]: Cumulative renal toxicity may be severe.
Disease-related concerns:
• Renal impairment: Reduce dosage in renal impairment.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
• Taxane derivatives: When administered as sequential infusions, taxane derivatives (docetaxel, paclitaxel) should be administered before platinum derivatives (carboplatin, cisplatin).
Special populations:
• Elderly: Select dose cautiously and monitor closely in the elderly; may be more susceptible to nephrotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy.
Other warnings/precautions:
• Medication safety (usual maximum dose per cycle): [U.S. Boxed Warning]: Doses >100 mg/m2 once every 3-4 weeks are rarely used and should be verified with the prescriber.
• Experienced physician: [U.S. Boxed Warning]: Should be administered under the supervision of an experienced cancer chemotherapy physician.
• Hydration: Patients should receive adequate hydration, with or without diuretics, prior to and for 24 hours after administration; serum electrolytes, particularly magnesium and potassium, should be monitored and replaced as needed during and after therapy.
Adverse Reactions
>10%:
Central nervous system: Neurotoxicity: Peripheral neuropathy is dose- and duration-dependent.
Gastrointestinal: Nausea and vomiting (76% to 100%)
Hematologic: Myelosuppression (25% to 30%; nadir: day 18-23; recovery: by day 39; mild with moderate doses, mild-to-moderate with high-dose therapy)
Hepatic: Liver enzymes increased
Renal: Nephrotoxicity (acute renal failure and chronic renal insufficiency)
Otic: Ototoxicity (10% to 30%; manifested as high frequency hearing loss; ototoxicity is especially pronounced in children)
1% to 10%: Local: Tissue irritation
<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Alopecia (mild), anaphylactic reaction, arrhythmias, arterial vasospasm (acute), blurred vision, bradycardia, diarrhea, heart block, heart failure, hemolytic anemia (acute), hemolytic uremic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, limb ischemia (acute), mesenteric ischemia (acute), MI, myocardial ischemia, mouth sores, neutropenic typhlitis, optic neuritis, orthostatic hypotension, pancreatitis, papilledema, phlebitis, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), SIADH, stroke, thrombophlebitis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Metabolism/Transport Effects
None known.
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides: CISplatin may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
BCG: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG. Risk X: Avoid combination
CloZAPine: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CloZAPine. Specifically, the risk for agranulocytosis may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination
Coccidioidin Skin Test: Immunosuppressants may diminish the diagnostic effect of Coccidioidin Skin Test. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Denosumab: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Specifically, the risk for serious infections may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Fosphenytoin: CISplatin may decrease the serum concentration of Fosphenytoin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CISplatin. Loop Diuretics may enhance the ototoxic effect of CISplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination
Phenytoin: CISplatin may decrease the serum concentration of Phenytoin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Pimecrolimus: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk X: Avoid combination
Roflumilast: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Sipuleucel-T: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sipuleucel-T. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Tacrolimus (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk X: Avoid combination
Taxane Derivatives: Platinum Derivatives may enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Taxane Derivatives. Administer Taxane derivative before Platinum derivative when given as sequential infusions to limit toxicity. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Topotecan: Platinum Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Topotecan. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Vaccinial infections may develop. Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Management: Avoid use of live organism vaccines with immunosuppressants; live-attenuated vaccines should not be given for at least 3 months after immunosuppressants. Risk X: Avoid combination
Vinorelbine: CISplatin may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vinorelbine. Specifically, the combination may be associated with a higher risk of granulocytopenia. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Ethanol/Nutrition/Herb Interactions
Herb/Nutraceutical: Avoid black cohosh, dong quai in estrogen-dependent tumors.
Storage
Store intact vials at room temperature 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Protect from light. Do not refrigerate solution as a precipitate may form. Further dilution stability is dependent on the chloride ion concentration and should be mixed in solutions of NS (at least 0.3% NaCl). After initial entry into the vial, solution is stable for 28 days protected from light or for at least 7 days under fluorescent room light at room temperature.
Further dilutions in NS, D5/0.45% NaCl or D5/NS to a concentration of 0.05-2 mg/mL are stable for 72 hours at 4°C to 25°C. The infusion solution should have a final sodium chloride concentration ≥0.2%.
Reconstitution
The infusion solution should have a final sodium chloride concentration ≥0.2%.
Compatibility
Stable in D51/4NS, D51/2NS, D5NS, 1/4NS, 1/3NS, 1/2NS, NS; incompatible with sodium bicarbonate; variable stability (consult detailed reference) in D5W.
Y-site administration: Compatible: Allopurinol, anidulafungin, aztreonam, bleomycin, caspofungin, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, cladribine, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, diphenhydramine, doripenem, doxorubicin, doxorubicin liposome, droperidol, etoposide phosphate, famotidine, filgrastim, fludarabine, fluorouracil, furosemide, ganciclovir, gemcitabine, granisetron, heparin, hydromorphone, leucovorin calcium, linezolid, lorazepam, melphalan, methotrexate, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, mitomycin, morphine, ondansetron, paclitaxel, palonosetron, pemetrexed, prochlorperazine edisylate, promethazine, propofol, ranitidine, sargramostim, teniposide, topotecan, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine. Incompatible: Amifostine, amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex, cefepime, gallium nitrate, piperacillin/tazobactam, thiotepa. Variable (consult detailed reference): Metoclopramide.
Compatibility in syringe: Compatible: Bleomycin, carmustine, cyclophosphamide, doxapram, droperidol, furosemide, heparin, leucovorin calcium, methotrexate, metoclopramide, mitomycin, vinblastine, vincristine. Variable (consult detailed reference): Doxorubicin, fluorouracil.
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits DNA synthesis by the formation of DNA cross-links; denatures the double helix; covalently binds to DNA bases and disrupts DNA function; may also bind to proteins; the cis-isomer is 14 times more cytotoxic than the trans-isomer; both forms cross-link DNA but cis-platinum is less easily recognized by cell enzymes and, therefore, not repaired. Cisplatin can also bind two adjacent guanines on the same strand of DNA producing intrastrand cross-linking and breakage.
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
Distribution: I.V.: Rapidly into tissue; high concentrations in kidneys, liver, ovaries, uterus, and lungs
Protein binding: >90%
Metabolism: Nonenzymatic; inactivated (in both cell and bloodstream) by sulfhydryl groups; covalently binds to glutathione and thiosulfate
Half-life elimination: Initial: 20-30 minutes; Beta: 60 minutes; Terminal: ~24 hours; Secondary half-life: 44-73 hours
Excretion: Urine (>90%); feces (10%)
Dosage
VERIFY ANY CISPLATIN DOSE EXCEEDING 100 mg/m2 PER COURSE. Pretreatment hydration with 1-2 L of I.V. fluid is recommended. Details concerning dosing in combination regimens should also be consulted.
Children: I.V.:
Hepatoblastoma (unlabeled use; combination chemotherapy): 80 mg/m2 continuous infusion over 24 hours on day 1 of a 21-day treatment cycle (Pritchard, 2000)
Medulloblastoma (unlabeled use; combination chemotherapy): 75 mg/m2 on either day 0 or day 1 of each chemotherapy cycle (Packer, 2006)
Osteosarcoma (unlabeled use; combination chemotherapy): 60 mg/m2/day for 2 days weeks 2, 7, 25, and 28 (neoadjuvant) or weeks 5, 10, 25, and 28 (adjuvant) (Goorin, 2003)
Bone marrow/stem cell transplant (unlabeled use): Continuous infusion: High dose: 55 mg/m2/day for 72 hours; total dose = 165 mg/m2
Adults: I.V.:
Advanced bladder cancer: 50-70 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks
Metastatic ovarian cancer: 75-100 mg/m2 every 4 weeks (combination therapy) or 100 mg/m2 every 4 weeks (as a single agent)
Metastatic testicular cancer: 10-20 mg/m2/day for 5 days repeated every 3 weeks (Saxman, 1998)
Head and neck cancer (unlabeled use): 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 3 doses (as a single agent) (Bernier, 2004; Cooper, 2004)
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (unlabeled use): 75 mg/m2 on day 1 of each 21-day cycle (in combination with pemetrexed) (Vogelzang, 2003) or 100 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 28-day cycle (in combination with gemcitabine) (Nowak, 2002) or 80 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 21-day cycle (in combination with gemcitabine) (van Haarst, 2002)
Adults: Intraperitoneal: Ovarian cancer (unlabeled use): 100 mg/m2 on day 2 of a 21-day treatment cycle (Armstrong, 2006)
Elderly: Select dose cautiously and monitor closely in the elderly; may be more susceptible to nephrotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy.
Dosing adjustment in renal impairment: Note: The manufacturer(s) recommend that repeat courses of cisplatin should not be given until serum creatinine is <1.5 mg/dL and/or BUN is <25 mg/dL. The FDA-approved labeling does not contain renal dosing adjustment guidelines. The following guidelines have been used by some clinicians:
Aronoff, 2007:
Clcr 10-50 mL/minute: Administer 75% of dose
Clcr <10 mL/minute: Administer 50% of dose
Hemodialysis: Partially cleared by hemodialysis
Administer 50% of dose posthemodialysis
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): Administer 50% of dose
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT): Administer 75% of dose
Kintzel, 1995:
Clcr 46-60 mL/minute: Administer 75% of dose
Clcr 31-45 mL/minute: Administer 50% of dose
Clcr <30 mL/minute: Consider use of alternative drug
Dosage: Combination Regimens
Biliary adenocarcinoma: Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (Biliary Cancer)
Bladder cancer:
CAP
CISCA
Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Bladder Cancer)
CMV
Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (Bladder Cancer)
M-VAC (Bladder Cancer)
Brain tumors:
CDDP/VP-16
COPE
Breast Cancer: Docetaxel-Trastuzumab-Cisplatin
Cervical cancer:
Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Cervical Cancer)
Cisplatin-Gemcitabine (Cervical Cancer)
Cisplatin-Paclitaxel (Cervical Cancer)
Cisplatin-Topotecan (Cervical Cancer)
Cisplatin-Vinorelbine (Cervical Cancer)
Endometrial cancer:
AP
MVAC (Endometrial Cancer)
Esophageal cancer:
Cisplatin-Capecitabine (Esophageal Cancer)
Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Esophageal Cancer)
Docetaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Gastric/Esophageal Cancer)
Epirubicin-Cisplatin-Capecitabine (Esophageal Cancer)
Epirubicin-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Gastric/Esophageal Cancer)
Irinotecan-Cisplatin (Esophageal Cancer)
Paclitaxel-Cisplatin (Esophageal Cancer)
Paclitaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Esophageal Cancer)
Gastric cancer:
Cisplatin-Capecitabine (Gastric Cancer)
Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Gastric Cancer)
Docetaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Gastric/Esophageal Cancer)
Epirubicin-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Gastric/Esophageal Cancer)
Irinotecan-Cisplatin (Gastric Cancer)
Trastuzumab-Cisplatin-Capecitabine (Gastric Cancer)
Trastuzumab-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Gastric Cancer)
Gestational trophoblastic tumor: EP/EMA
Head and neck cancer:
Cetuximab-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Head and Neck Cancer)
Cisplatin-Cetuximab (Head and Neck Cancer)
Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Head and Neck Cancer)
Cisplatin-Paclitaxel (Head and Neck Cancer)
Docetaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Head and Neck Cancer)
Hepatoblastoma:
IPA
PA-CI
Lung cancer (nonsmall cell):
Bevacizumab-Cisplatin-Gemcitabine
Cetuximab-Cisplatin-Vinorelbine
Cisplatin-Etoposide (NSCLC)
Cisplatin-Irinotecan (NSCLC)
Cisplatin-Vinblastine (NSCLC)
Docetaxel-Cisplatin
EP (NSCLC)
EP/PE
Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (NSCLC)
PC (NSCLC)
Pemetrexed-Cisplatin (NSCLC)
Vinorelbine-Cisplatin
Lung cancer (small cell):
Cisplatin-Irinotecan (Small Cell Lung Cancer)
EP (Small Cell Lung Cancer)
Topotecan (Oral)-Cisplatin
VIP (Small Cell Lung Cancer)
VP (Small Cell Lung Cancer)
Lymphoma, Hodgkin:
DHAP (Hodgkin)
ESHAP (Hodgkin)
GDP (Hodgkin)
MINE-ESHAP (Hodgkin)
Lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's:
Cisplatin-Cytarabine-Dexamethasone (NHL Regimen)
ESHAP
MINE-ESHAP (NHL)
Malignant pleural mesothelioma:
Cisplatin-Gemcitabine (Mesothelioma)
Cisplatin-Pemetrexed (Mesothelioma)
Cisplatin-Raltitrexed (Mesothelioma)
Melanoma:
CCDT (Melanoma)
Cisplatin-Dacarbazine-Interferon Alfa-2b-Aldesleukin
Cisplatin-Vinblastine-Dacarbazine (Melanoma)
CVD-Interleukin-Interferon (Melanoma)
Dartmouth Regimen
Multiple myeloma: DTPACE
Neuroblastoma:
A3 (Neuroblastoma)
CAV-P/VP (Neuroblastoma)
Cisplatin-Doxorubicin-Etoposide-Cyclophosphamide (Neuroblastoma)
New A1 (Neuroblastoma)
Osteosarcoma:
MTX-CDDPAdr
POG-8651
Ovarian cancer:
BEP (Ovarian Cancer)
BEP (Ovarian Cancer, Testicular Cancer)
Cisplatin-Paclitaxel (Intraperitoneal Regimen)
Cisplatin-Paclitaxel (Ovarian Cancer)
PAC (CAP)
Pancreatic cancer: Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (Pancreatic Cancer)
Testicular cancer:
BEP (Ovarian Cancer, Testicular Cancer)
BEP (Testicular Cancer)
EP (Testicular Cancer)
Paclitaxel-Ifosfamide-Cisplatin
PVB
VBP
VIP (Etoposide) (Testicular Cancer)
VIP (Vinblastine) (Testicular Cancer)
Unknown primary, adenocarcinoma:
Docetaxel-Cisplatin (Unknown Primary)
Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (Unknown Primary)
Unknown primary, squamous cell:
Docetaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Unknown Primary)
Paclitaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Unknown Primary)
Administration: I.V.
Irritant. Perform pretreatment hydration (see Dosage).
I.V.: Rate of administration has varied from a 15- to 120-minute infusion, 1 mg/minute infusion, 6- to 8-hour infusion, 24-hour infusion, or per protocol.
Administration: I.V. Detail
pH: 3.5-5.5 (reconstituted solution); 3.7-6.0 (aqueous injection)
Monitoring Parameters
Renal function (serum creatinine, BUN, Clcr); electrolytes (particularly magnesium, calcium, potassium) before and within 48 hours after cisplatin therapy; audiography (baseline and prior to each subsequent dose), neurologic exam (with high dose); liver function tests periodically, CBC with differential and platelet count; urine output, urinalysis
Dietary Considerations
Some products may contain sodium.
Patient Education
This medication can only be administered by I.V. Report immediately any burning, pain, itching, or redness at infusion site; difficulty breathing or swallowing; swelling of mouth or throat; or chest pain or palpitations. It is important that you maintain adequate hydration, unless instructed to restrict fluid intake, and adequate nutrition. May cause severe nausea or vomiting that can be delayed for up to 48 hours after infusion and last for 1 week (consult prescriber for appropriate antiemetic medication). May cause mouth sores or loss of hair (reversible). You will be susceptible to infection. Report promptly any pain, tingling, loss of sensation, or cramping in extremities; ringing in ears or change in hearing; difficulty breathing or swallowing; fever or chills; unusual fatigue; or unusual bruising/bleeding.
Anesthesia and Critical Care Concerns/Other Considerations
Nephrotoxicity: Related to elimination, protein binding, and uptake of cisplatin. Two types of nephrotoxicity: Acute renal failure and chronic renal insufficiency.
Acute renal failure and azotemia is a dose-dependent process and can be minimized with proper administration and prophylaxis. Damage to the proximal tubules by unbound cisplatin is suspected to cause the toxicity. It is manifested as increased BUN/creatinine, oliguria, protein wasting, and potassium, calcium, and magnesium wasting.
Chronic renal dysfunction can develop in patients receiving multiple courses of cisplatin. Slow release of tissue-bound cisplatin may contribute to chronic nephrotoxicity. Manifestations of this toxicity are varied, and can include sodium and water wasting, nephropathy, hyperuricemia, decreased Clcr, and magnesium wasting.
Recommendations for minimizing nephrotoxicity include:
Prepare cisplatin in saline-containing vehicles.
Infuse dose over 24 hours.
Vigorously hydrate patient (125-150 mL/hour) before, during, and after cisplatin administration.
Simultaneously administer either mannitol or furosemide.
Pretreat with amifostine.
Avoid other nephrotoxic agents (aminoglycosides, amphotericin, etc).
Neurotoxicity: Peripheral neuropathy is dose- and duration-dependent. The mechanism is through axonal degeneration with subsequent damage to the long sensory nerves. Toxicity can first be noted at cumulative doses of 200 mg/m2, with measurable toxicity at cumulative doses >350 mg/m2. This process is irreversible and progressive with continued therapy.
Anaphylactic Reaction: Occurs within minutes after intravenous or intraperitoneal administration; can be controlled with epinephrine, antihistamines, and steroids.
Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment
No significant effects or complications reported
Dental Health: Vasoconstrictor/Local Anesthetic Precautions
No information available to require special precautions
Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status
None reported
Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment
May cause myelosuppression; use caution with clozapine and carbamazepine
Nursing: Physical Assessment/Monitoring
Verify any dose exceeding 100 mg/m2 per course. Assess other drugs patient may be taking for potential interactions (especially ototoxins or nephrotoxins). Patient should be vigorously hydrated prior to and for 24 hours following infusion. Assess auditory status prior to each treatment and regularly during therapy. Cisplatin is emetogenic; antiemetic should be administered prior to each treatment and as needed between infusions. Infusion site must be monitored closely to reduce potential for extravasation. Anaphylaxis-like reaction is possible; emergency medication should be readily available. Monitor for acute or chronic renal failure; peripheral neuropathy and ototoxicity may be irreversible. Teach patient importance of adequate hydration.
Oncology: Emetic Potential
≥50 mg/m2: Very high (>90%)
<50 mg/m2: Moderate (30% to 90%)
Oncology: Vesicant
Vesicant (>0.5 mg/mL); Irritant (<0.5 mg/mL)
Dosage Forms
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Injection, solution [preservative free]: 1 mg/mL (50 mL, 100 mL, 200 mL)
References
Armstrong DK, Bundy B, Wenzel L, et al, “Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer,” N Engl J Med, 2006, 354(1):34-43.
Aronoff GR, Bennett WM, Berns JS, et al, Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for Adults and Children, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians; 2007, p 97, 170.
Bernier J, Domenge C, Ozsahin M, et al, “Postoperative Irradiation With or Without Concomitant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer,” N Engl J Med, 2004, 350(19):1945-52.
Cooper JS, Pajak TF, Forastiere AA, et al, “Postoperative Concurrent Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for High-Risk Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck,” N Engl J Med, 2004, 350(19):1937-44.
Costello MA, Dominick C, and Clerico A, “A Pilot Study of 5-Day Continuous Infusion of High-Dose Cisplatin and Pulsed Etoposide in Childhood Solid Tumors,” Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 1988, 10:103-8.
Farris FF, Dedrick RL, and King FG, "Cisplatin Pharmacokinetics: Applications of a Physiological Model," Toxicol Lett, 1988, 43(1-3):117-37.
Floyd JD, Nguyen DT, Lobins RL, et al, “Cardiotoxicity of Cancer Therapy,” J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(30):7685-96.
Go RS and Adjei AA, "Review of the Comparative Pharmacology and Clinical Activity of Cisplatin and Carboplatin," J Clin Oncol, 1999, 17(1):409-22.
Goorin AM, Schwartzentruber DJ, Devidas M, et al, “Presurgical Chemotherapy Compared With Immediate Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Nonmetastatic Osteosarcoma: Pediatric Oncology Group Study POG-8651,” J Clin Oncol, 2003, 21(8):1574-80.
Hebert ME, Blivin JL, Kessler J, et al, “Anaphylactoid Reactions With Intraperitoneal Cisplatin,” Ann Pharmacother, 1995, 29(3):260-3.
Higa GM, Wise TC, and Crowell EB, “Severe, Disabling Neurologic Toxicity Following Cisplatin Retreatment,” Ann Pharmacother, 1995, 29(2):134-7.
Howell SB, Pfeifle CL, Wung WE, et al, “Intraperitoneal Cisplatin With Systemic Thiosulfate Protection,” Ann Intern Med, 1982, 97(6):845-51.
Kintzel PE and Dorr RT, “Anticancer Drug Renal Toxicity and Elimination: Dosing Guidelines for Altered Renal Function,” Cancer Treat Rev, 1995, 21(1):33-64.
Morgan C, Tillett T, Braybrooke J, et al, “Management of Uncommon Chemotherapy-Induced Emergencies,” Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12(8):806-14.
Nowak AK, Byrne MJ, Williamson R, et al, “A Multicentre Phase II Study of Cisplatin and Gemcitabine for Malignant Mesothelioma,” Br J Cancer, 2002, 87(5):491-6.
Packer RJ, Gajjar A, Vezina G, et al, “Phase III Study of Craniospinal Radiation Therapy Followed by Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Average-Risk Medulloblastoma,” J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(25):4202-8.
Pritchard J, Brown J, Shafford E, et al, “Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, and Delayed Surgery for Childhood Hepatoblastoma: A Successful Approach--Results of the First Prospective Study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology,” J Clin Oncol, 2000, 18(22):3819-28.
Reece PA, Stafford I, Abbott RL, et al, “Two- Versus 24-Hour Infusion of Cisplatin: Pharmacokinetic Considerations,” J Clin Oncol, 1989, 7(2):270-5.
Rothmann SA and Weick JK, “Cisplatin Toxicity for Erythroid Precursors,” N Engl J Med, 1981, 304(6):360.
Saxman SB, Finch D, Gonin R, et al, “Long-Term Follow-Up of a Phase III Study of Three Versus Four Cycles of Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin in Favorable-Prognosis Germ-Cell Tumors: The Indian University Experience,” J Clin Oncol, 1998, 16(2):702-6.
Schilsky RL and Anderson T, “Hypomagnesemia and Renal Magnesium Wasting in Patients Receiving Cisplatin,” Ann Intern Med, 1979, 90(6):929-31.
Schuchter LM, Hensley ML, Meropol NJ, et al, “2002 Update of Recommendations for the Use of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Protectants: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology,” J Clin Oncol, 2002, 20(12):2895-903.
Shlebak AA, Clark PI, and Green JA, “Hypersensitivity and Cross-Reactivity to Cisplatin and Analogues,” Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1995, 35(4):349-51.
van Haarst JM, Baas P, Manegold Ch, et al, “Multicentre Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma,” Br J Cancer, 2002, 86(3):342-5.
Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven JJ, Symanowski J, et al, “Phase III Study of Pemetrexed in Combination With Cisplatin Versus Cisplatin Alone in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma,” J Clin Oncol, 2003, 21(14):2636-44.
International Brand Names
Lexi-Comp.com
Last full review/revision March 2012
Content last modified March 2012
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