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  • Cardiovascular Disorders
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  • Abdominal Pain, Acute
  • Abdominal pain, Chronic
  • Alopecia
  • Amenorrhea
  • Amnesia
  • Anosmia
  • Bleeding, Excessive
  • Breast Lumps
  • Chest Pain
  • Constipation in Adults
  • Constipation in Children
  • Cough in Adults
  • Cough in Children
  • Crying
  • Diarrhea in Adults
  • Diarrhea in Children
  • Diplopia
  • Dizziness
  • Dry Mouth
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Dyspepsia
  • Dysphagia
  • Dyspnea
  • Dysuria
  • Earache
  • Ear Discharge
  • Edema
  • Edema During Late Pregnancy
  • Epistaxis
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Eyelid Swelling
  • Eye Pain
  • Fever
  • Fever, Acute, in Adults
  • Fever, Chronic (FUO)
  • Fever in Infants and Children
  • Floaters
  • Gas
  • Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • Halitosis
  • Headache
  • Hearing Loss
  • Hearing Loss: Sudden Deafness
  • Hematospermia
  • Hematuria
  • Hemoptysis
  • Hiccups
  • Hirsutism
  • Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
  • Itching
  • Itching, Anal
  • Jaundice in Adults
  • Jaundice in Neonates
  • Joint Pain, Monarticular
  • Joint Pain, Polyarticular
  • Knee pain
  • Lump in Throat
  • Nasal Congestion and Rhinorrhea
  • Nausea and Vomiting During Early pPregnancy
  • Nausea and Vomiting in Adults
  • Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children
  • Neck and Back Pain
  • Neck Mass
  • Nipple Discharge
  • Orthostatis Hypotension
  • Pain
  • Pain, Chronic
  • Palpitations
  • Pelvic Pain
  • Pelvic Pain During Early Pregnancy
  • Polyuria
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  • Red Eye
  • Scrotal Pain
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  • Urinary Frequency
  • Urinary Incontinence in Adults
  • Urinary Incontinence in Children
  • Urinary Retention
  • Urticaria
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  • Vaginal Bleeding During Early Pregnancy
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  • Vision Loss, Acute
  • Weakness, Generalized
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Sections in Health Care Professionals
  • Cardiovascular Disorders
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  • Critical Care Medicine
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  • Dermatologic Disorders
  • Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
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  • Eye Disorders
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  • Genitourinary Disorders
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  • Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
 
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease
expand / collapseEvaluation of the Patient With Joint Disorders
History
expand / collapse Physical Examination
Elbow
Shoulder
Knee
Hip
Other
expand / collapseTesting
Blood tests
Imaging studies
Arthrocentesis
Synovial fluid examination
Symptoms of Joint Disorders
expand / collapse Monarticular Joint Pain
Pathophysiology
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Polyarticular Joint Pain
Pathophysiology
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders
Introduction
expand / collapse Eosinophilic Fasciitis (EF)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Relapsing Polychondritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Sjögren's Syndrome (SS)
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Glandular manifestations
Extraglandular manifestations
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Joint manifestations
Skin and mucous membrane manifestations ()
Cardiopulmonary manifestations
Adenopathy and splenic manifestations
Neurologic manifestations
Renal manifestations
Obstetric manifestations
Hematologic manifestations
GI manifestations
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Fluorescent ANA
Other ANA and anticytoplasmic antibodies
Other blood tests
Renal involvement
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Mild or remittent disease
Severe disease
Suppressive therapy
Focal complications and coexisting medical conditions
expand / collapseVariant Forms of Lupus
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE)
expand / collapse Systemic Sclerosis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Skin and nail manifestations
Joint manifestations
GI manifestations
Cardiopulmonary manifestations
Renal manifestations
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Vasculitis
expand / collapseOverview of Vasculitis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Induction of remission
Remission maintenance
Key Points
expand / collapse Behçet Syndrome
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Mucocutaneous
Ocular
Musculoskeletal
Vascular
Neurologic and psychiatric
GI
Constitutional
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Cutaneous Vasculitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Giant Cell Arteritis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Immunoglobulin A–Associated Vasculitis (IgAV)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Hepatitis B–related PAN
Key Points
expand / collapse Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Takayasu Arteritis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Drugs
Procedures
Key Points
expand / collapse Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
Joint Disorders
Introduction
expand / collapse Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Extra-articular manifestations
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapse Treatment
Rest and nutrition
Physical measures
Surgery
expand / collapseDrugs for RA
NSAIDs
Traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Corticosteroids
Immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and immunosuppressive drugs
Biologic agents
Other agents
Key Points
expand / collapse Osteoarthritis (OA)
Classification
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Physical measures
Drugs
Other adjunctive and experimental therapies
Key Points
expand / collapse Neurogenic Arthropathy
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Overview of Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
expand / collapse Anklyosing Spondylitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Reactive Arthritis
expand / collapseEtiology
Epidemiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Psoriatic Arthritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Crystal-Induced Arthritides
Overview of Crystal-Induced Arthritides
expand / collapse Gout
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Course
Tophi
Chronic gout
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Synovial fluid analysis
Serum urate level
X-rays
Diagnosis of chronic gouty arthritis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Treatment of acute attacks
Prevention of recurrent attacks
Lowering the serum urate level
Other treatments
Key Points
Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia
expand / collapse Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapseBasic Ca Phosphate and Calcium Oxalate Crystal Deposition Diseases
Basic Ca phosphate crystal deposition disease
Ca oxalate crystal deposition disease
Osteoporosis
expand / collapseOsteoporosis
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Fragility fractures
expand / collapseClassification
Primary osteoporosis
Secondary osteoporosis
Risk Factors
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Plain x-rays
Bone density measurement
Other testing
expand / collapseTreatment
Preserving bone mass
Preventing fractures
Treating pain and maintaining function
Prevention
Paget Disease of Bone
expand / collapsePaget Disease of Bone
Etiology
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Drug therapy
Key Points
Osteonecrosis
expand / collapseOsteonecrosis
expand / collapseEtiology
Traumatic ON
Nontraumatic ON
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
General symptoms
Joint-specific symptoms
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Nonsurgical treatments
Surgical treatments
Prevention
Key Points
Infections of Joints and Bones
expand / collapseAcute Infectious Arthritis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Gonococcal arthritis
Nongonococcal bacterial arthritis
Infectious arthritis secondary to bite wounds
Viral infectious arthritis
Borrelia burgdorferi arthritis
expand / collapseDiagnosis
General arthritis
Gonococcal arthritis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Antibiotic therapy
Other therapies
Viral arthritis and arthritis secondary to bite wounds
Key Points
Chronic Infectious Arthritis
expand / collapse Prosthetic Joint Infectious Arthritis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Osteomyelitis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Bursa, Muscle, and Tendon Disorders
expand / collapse Bursitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Fibromyalgia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
Neck and Back Pain
expand / collapseEvaluation of Neck and Back Pain
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseEtiology
Common causes
Serious uncommon causes
Other uncommon causes
expand / collapseEvaluation
General
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
expand / collapse Sciatica
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Nontraumatic Spinal Subluxation
expand / collapse Atlantoaxial Subluxation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Spondylolisthesis
Hand Disorders
expand / collapseOverview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders
Deformities
Infections
Nerve compression syndromes
Noninfectious tenosynovitis
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Laboratory testing
Swan-Neck Deformity
Boutonnière Deformity
expand / collapse Dupuytren Contracture
Symptoms and Signs
Treatment
expand / collapse Ganglia
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Infected Bite Wounds of the Hand
Diagnosis
Treatment
Felon
Palm Abscess
expand / collapse Infectious Flexor Tenosynovitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Herpetic Whitlow
expand / collapse Kienböck Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Radial Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Digital Flexor Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis (Trigger Finger)
Treatment
expand / collapse De Quervain Syndrome
Treatment
expand / collapse Osteoarthritis of the Hand
Treatment
Foot and Ankle Disorders
Overview of Foot and Ankle Disorders
expand / collapse Tibialis Posterior Tendinosis and Tibialis Posterior Tenosynovitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Metatarsalgia
expand / collapse Freiberg Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Interdigital Neuralgia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Metatarsophalangeal Joint Pain
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Sesamoiditis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Plantar Fasciosis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Inferior Calcaneal Bursitis
expand / collapse Achilles Tendon Enthesopathy
Treatment
expand / collapse Anterior Achilles Tendon Bursitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Posterior Achilles Tendon Bursitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Epiphysitis of the Calcaneus
Treatment
expand / collapse Medial and Lateral Plantar Nerve Entrapment
Diagnosis
Treatment
Plantar Fibromatosis
expand / collapse Hammer Toe Deformity
Treatment
expand / collapse Bunion
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Tumors of Bones and Joints
expand / collapseOverview of Bone and Joint Tumors
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Characteristic findings
Other testing
Key Points
expand / collapseBenign Bone Tumors
Osteochondroma
Enchondroma
Chondroblastoma
Chondromyxofibroma
Osteoid osteoma
Nonossifying fibroma (fibrous cortical defect)
Benign giant cell tumor of bone
expand / collapsePrimary Malignant Bone Tumors
Multiple myeloma
Osteosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma of bone
Lymphoma of bone
Malignant giant cell tumor
Chordoma
expand / collapse Metastatic Bone Tumors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapseOther Bone Lesions
Unicameral bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
Aneurysmal bone cyst
expand / collapse Joint Tumors
Synovial chondromatosis
Pigmented villonodular synovitis
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Figures
Photographs
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