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Overview of Foot and Ankle Disorders

By

James C. Connors

, DPM, Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine

Reviewed/Revised Nov 2023
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Topic Resources

Most foot problems result from anatomic disorders or abnormal function of articular or extra-articular structures (see figure ). Less commonly, foot problems reflect a systemic disorder (see table ).

In people with diabetes and/or peripheral arterial disease, careful examination of the feet, with evaluation of vascular sufficiency and neurologic integrity, should be done at least twice a year. People with these diseases should examine their own feet at least once a day.

See also table and table .

Bones of the Foot

Bones of the Foot
How to Examine the Foot
VIDEO
How to Examine the Ankle
VIDEO
Table
Table
Table

Considerations for Using Corticosteroid Injections

Insoluble corticosteroids can be given deeply rather than superficially with greater safety (eg, in the heel pad, tarsal canal, or metatarsal interspaces). The foot should be immobilized for a few days after tendon sheaths are injected. Unusual resistance to injection suggests injection into a tendon. The use of ultrasound guidance can improve the accuracy of the injection and, depending on the location, may also improve efficacy (1 Reference Most foot problems result from anatomic disorders or abnormal function of articular or extra-articular structures (see figure ). Less commonly, foot problems reflect a systemic disorder (see... read more ). Repeated injection into a tendon should be avoided because the tendon may weaken (partially tear), predisposing to subsequent rupture.

Reference

  • 1. Daniels EW, Cole D, Jacobs B, Phillips SF: Existing evidence on ultrasound-guided injections in sports medicine. Orthop J Sports Med 6(2):2325967118756576, 2018. Published 2018 Feb 22. doi:10.1177/2325967118756576

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