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Nutritional Disorders
Nutrition: General Considerations
expand / collapseOverview of Nutrition
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Macrominerals
Water
Micronutrients
expand / collapse Other Dietary Substances
Fiber
Nutritional Requirements
expand / collapse Nutrition in Clinical Medicine
Evaluation of Nutritional Status
Nutrient-Drug Interactions
expand / collapse Food Additives and Contaminants
Additives
Contaminants
Undernutrition
expand / collapseOverview of Undernutrition
expand / collapse Risk Factors
Infancy and childhood
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Old age
Disorders and medical procedures
Vegetarian diets
Fad diets
Drugs and nutritional supplements
Alcohol or drug dependency
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapse Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Testing
expand / collapse Protein-Energy Undernutrition
expand / collapseClassification and Etiology
Primary PEU
Secondary PEU
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapsePrognosis
Children
Adults
expand / collapseTreatment
Children
Adults
Complications of treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Carnitine Deficiency
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
Nutritional Support
expand / collapseOverview of Nutritional Support
expand / collapse Predicting Nutritional Requirements
Energy expenditure
Protein requirements
Assessing Response to Nutritional Support
Key Points
expand / collapse Enteral Tube Nutrition
Procedure
Formulas
Administration
Complications
Key Points
expand / collapse Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Indications
Nutritional content
Solutions
Beginning TPN administration
Monitoring
Complications
Key Points
Nutritional Support for Dying or Severely Demented Patients
Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, and Toxicity
Overview of Vitamins
Biotin and Pantothenic Acid
expand / collapse Folate
expand / collapse Folate Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Niacin
expand / collapse Niacin Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Niacin Toxicity
expand / collapseRiboflavin
expand / collapse Riboflavin Deficiency
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapseThiamin
expand / collapse Thiamin Deficiency
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Vitamin A
expand / collapse Vitamin A Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Vitamin A Toxicity
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapseVitamin B6
expand / collapse Vitamin B6 Deficiency and Dependency
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Vitamin B6 Toxicity
expand / collapse Vitamin B12
expand / collapse Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Schilling test
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapseVitamin C
expand / collapse Vitamin C Deficiency
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Vitamin C Toxicity
expand / collapse Vitamin D
expand / collapse Vitamin D Deficiency and Dependency
expand / collapseEtiology
Inadequate exposure or intake
Reduced absorption
Abnormal metabolism
Resistance to effects of vitamin D
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
expand / collapse Vitamin D Toxicity
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Vitamin E
expand / collapse Vitamin E Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Vitamin E Toxicity
expand / collapse Vitamin K
expand / collapse Vitamin K Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Vitamin K Toxicity
Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity
Overview of Minerals
expand / collapse Chromium Deficiency and Toxicity
Chromium Deficiency
Chromium Toxicity
expand / collapse Copper Deficiency and Toxicity
Acquired Copper Deficiency
expand / collapse Inherited Copper Deficiency
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Acquired Copper Toxicity
Treatment
expand / collapse Wilson Disease
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Kayser-Fleischer rings
Ceruloplasmin
Serum copper
Urinary copper excretion
Liver biopsy
Screening
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Fluorine Deficiency and Toxicity
Fluorine Deficiency
Fluorine Toxicity
expand / collapse Iodine Deficiency and Toxicity
expand / collapseIodine Deficiency
Diagnosis
Treatment
Iodine Toxicity
expand / collapse Iron Deficiency and Toxicity
Iron Deficiency
Iron Toxicity
Manganese Deficiency and Toxicity
Molybdenum Deficiency and Toxicity
expand / collapse Selenium Deficiency and Toxicity
Selenium Deficiency
Selenium Toxicity
expand / collapse Zinc Deficiency and Toxicity
Zinc Deficiency
Zinc Toxicity
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
expand / collapse Obesity
expand / collapseEtiology
Genetic factors
Environmental factors
Regulatory factors
Eating disorders
Complications
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Body composition analysis
Other testing
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Diet
Physical activity
Behavioral interventions
Drugs
Surgery
expand / collapseSpecial Populations
Children
The elderly
Prevention
expand / collapse Bariatric Surgery
Indications
expand / collapseProcedures
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Sleeve gastrectomy
Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch
Adjustable gastric banding
Vertical banded gastroplasty
Preoperative Evaluation
Risks
Prognosis
Follow-up
expand / collapse Metabolic Syndrome
Diagnosis
Treatment
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