Reference values (intervals) for blood, urine, CSF, stool, and other fluids (eg, gastric acid) and commonly used panels are included. (Note: The reference values provided in these tables should be used as guidelines only.) Reference values vary based on several factors, including the demographics of the healthy population from which specimens were obtained and the specific methods and/or instruments used to assay these specimens. Laboratories that are accredited by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) are required to establish and/or validate their own reference values at least annually. Thus, any given result should be interpreted based on the reference value of the laboratory in which the test was done; the laboratory typically provides these values with the test result.

• see Normal Laboratory Values: Blood Tests: Normal Values
• see Normal Laboratory Values: Urine Tests: Normal Values
• see Normal Laboratory Values: CSF Tests: Normal Values
• see Normal Laboratory Values: Stool Tests: Normal Values
• see Normal Laboratory Values: Other Tests: Normal Values
• see Normal Laboratory Values: Commonly Used Panels

Last full review/revision April 2013