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| Sections in Veterinary Professionals |
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| Topics in Reference Guides |
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PrintOpen table in new window  |
| | |
| Serum Biochemical Reference Ranges a
|
|
Measure
|
Units
|
Dog
|
Cat
|
Cow
|
Horse
|
Pig
|
Sheep
|
Goat
|
Rabbit
|
Llama
|
Vietnamese Potbellied Pig
|
Ostrich
|
|
|
|
|
|
In Conventional (USA) Units
|
|
ALT
|
u/L
|
10–109
|
25–97
|
6.9–35
|
2.7–21
|
22–47
|
15–44
|
15–52
|
48–80
|
|
23–83
|
20
|
|
Amylase
|
u/L
|
226–1,063
|
550–1,458
|
41–98
|
47–188
|
44–88
|
140–270
|
|
167–315
|
|
|
|
|
Alk phosb
|
u/L
|
1–114
|
0–45
|
18–153
|
70–227
|
41–176
|
27–156
|
61–283
|
4–16
|
30–780
|
35–563
|
32–98
|
|
AST
|
u/L
|
13–15
|
7–38
|
60–125
|
160–412
|
15–55
|
49–123
|
66–230
|
14–113
|
110–250
|
<109
|
131–486
|
|
Creatine kinase
|
u/L
|
52–368
|
69–214
|
0–350
|
60–330
|
66–489
|
7.7–101
|
16–48
|
218–2,705
|
30–400
|
|
294
|
|
GGTb
|
u/L
|
1.0–9.7
|
1.8–12
|
6–17.4
|
6–32
|
31–52
|
20–44
|
20–50
|
0–14
|
5–29
|
21–57
|
2.1
|
|
LDHb
|
u/L
|
0–236
|
58–120
|
309–938
|
112–456
|
160–425
|
83–476
|
79–265
|
34–129
|
|
|
|
|
SDHb
|
u/L
|
3.1–7.6
|
2.4–6.1
|
4.3–15.3
|
1–8
|
0.5–4.9
|
3.5–21
|
9.3–21
|
|
85–740
|
|
|
|
Bicarbonate
|
mEq/L
|
17–24
|
17–24
|
20–30
|
24–30
|
18–27
|
20–27
|
|
16–38
|
|
|
|
|
Bilirubin
|
mg/dL
|
0–0.3
|
0–0.1
|
0–1.6
|
0–3.2
|
0–0.5
|
0–0.5
|
0.1–0.2
|
0–0.7
|
0–0.1
|
<0.3
|
|
|
Calcium
|
mg/dL
|
9.1–11.7
|
8.7–11.7
|
8.0–11.4
|
10.2–13.4
|
9.3–11.5
|
9.3–11.7
|
9.0–11.6
|
5.6–12.5
|
7.7–9.4
|
10.2–12.2
|
10.7–14
|
|
Chloride
|
mEq/L
|
110–124
|
115–130
|
99–107
|
98–109
|
97–106
|
101–113
|
100–112
|
92–112
|
106–118
|
91–103
|
100
|
|
Cholesterol
|
mg/dL
|
135–278
|
71–156
|
62–193
|
71–142
|
81–134
|
44–90
|
65–136
|
10–80
|
|
|
|
|
Creatinine
|
mg/dL
|
0.5–1.7
|
0.9–2.2
|
0.5–2.2
|
0.4–2.2
|
0.8–2.3
|
0.9–2.0
|
0.7–1.5
|
0.5–2.5
|
1.5–2.9
|
0.4–1.1
|
0.1–0.4
|
|
Glucose
|
mg/dL
|
76–119
|
60–120
|
40–100
|
62–134
|
66–116
|
44–81
|
48–76
|
75–155
|
90–140
|
68–155
|
245
|
|
Magnesium
|
mg/dL
|
1.6–2.4
|
1.7–2.6
|
1.5–2.9
|
1.4–2.3
|
2.3–3.5
|
2.0–2.7
|
2.1–2.9
|
|
|
1.5–3.8
|
|
|
Phosphorus
|
mg/dL
|
2.9–5.3
|
3.0–6.1
|
5.6–8.0
|
1.5–4.7
|
5.5–9.3
|
4.0–7.3
|
3.7–9.7
|
4.0–6.9
|
4.6–9.8
|
5.0–10.7
|
4.0–9.9
|
|
Potassium
|
mEq/L
|
3.9–5.1
|
3.7–6.1
|
3.6–4.9
|
2.9–4.6
|
4.4–6.5
|
4.3–6.3
|
3.8–5.7
|
3.6–6.9
|
4.3–5.6
|
3.9–5.9
|
3.0
|
|
Protein
|
g/dL
|
5.4–7.5
|
6.0–7.9
|
6.7–7.5
|
5.6–7.6
|
5.8–8.3
|
5.9–7.8
|
6.1–7.5
|
5.4–8.3
|
5.5–7.0
|
4.6–7.8
|
3.8
|
|
|
g/dL
|
2.3–3.1
|
2.8–3.9
|
2.5–3.8
|
2.6–4.1
|
2.3–4.0
|
2.7–3.7
|
2.3–3.6
|
2.4–4.6
|
3.5–4.4
|
3.1–4.3
|
1.8
|
|
|
g/dL
|
2.4–4.4
|
2.6–5.1
|
3.0–3.5
|
2.6–4.0
|
3.9–6.0
|
3.2–5.0
|
2.7–4.4
|
1.5–2.8
|
1.7–3.5
|
1.5–3.5
|
2.0
|
|
Sodium
|
mEq/L
|
142–152
|
146–156
|
136–144
|
128–142
|
139–153
|
142–160
|
137–152
|
131–155
|
147–158
|
134–150
|
147
|
|
Urea nitrogen
|
mg/dL
|
8–28
|
19–34
|
10–25
|
11–27
|
8.2–25
|
10–26
|
13.26
|
13–29
|
13–32
|
10.8–47
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
In SI Units
|
|
Bicarbonate
|
mmol/L
|
17–24
|
17–24
|
20–30
|
24–30
|
18–27
|
20–27
|
|
16–38
|
|
|
|
|
Bilirubin
|
mmol/L
|
0–5.1
|
0–1.7
|
0–27
|
0–55
|
0.3–8.2
|
0.7–8.6
|
1.7–4.3
|
0–12
|
1.7
|
5.0
|
|
|
Calcium
|
mmol/L
|
2.3–2.9
|
2.2–2.9
|
2.0–2.8
|
2.5–3.3
|
2.3–2.9
|
2.3–2.9
|
2.3–2.9
|
1.4–3.1
|
2–2.4
|
2.5–3.1
|
2.7–3.5
|
|
Chloride
|
mmol/L
|
110–124
|
115–130
|
99–107
|
98–109
|
97–106
|
101–113
|
100–112
|
92–112
|
106–118
|
91–103
|
100
|
|
Cholesterol
|
mmol/L
|
3.5–7.2
|
1.8–4.0
|
1.6–5.0
|
1.8–3.7
|
2.1–3.5
|
1.1–2.3
|
1.7–3.5
|
0.3–2.1
|
|
|
|
|
Creatinine
|
mmol/L
|
44–150
|
80–194
|
44–194
|
35–194
|
70–208
|
76–174
|
60–135
|
44–221
|
133–256
|
35–97
|
8.8–35
|
|
Glucose
|
mmol/L
|
4.2–6.6
|
3.3–6.7
|
2.2–5.6
|
3.4–7.4
|
3.7–6.4
|
2.4–4.5
|
2.7–4.2
|
4.1–8.5
|
5.0–7.7
|
3.8–8.5
|
14
|
|
Magnesium
|
mmol/L
|
0.7–1.0
|
0.7–1.1
|
0.6–0.9
|
0.7–1.1
|
0.9–1.4
|
0.8–1.1
|
0.9–1.2
|
|
|
0.7–1.9
|
|
|
Phosphorus
|
mmol/L
|
0.9–1.7
|
1.0–2.0
|
1.8–2.6
|
0.5–1.5
|
1.8–3.0
|
1.3–2.4
|
1.2–3.1
|
1.3–2.2
|
1.5–3.2
|
1.6–3.4
|
1.3–3.2
|
|
Potassium
|
mmol/L
|
3.9–5.1
|
3.7–6.1
|
3.6–4.9
|
2.9–4.6
|
4.4–6.5
|
4.3–6.3
|
3.8–5.7
|
3.6–6.9
|
4.3–5.6
|
3.9–5.9
|
3.0
|
|
Protein
|
g/L
|
54–75
|
60–79
|
67–75
|
56–76
|
58–83
|
59–78
|
61–75
|
54–83
|
55–70
|
46–78
|
38
|
|
|
g/dL
|
23–31
|
28–39
|
25–38
|
26–41
|
23–40
|
27–37
|
23–36
|
24–46
|
35–44
|
31–43
|
18
|
|
|
g/dL
|
24–44
|
26–51
|
30–35
|
26–40
|
39–60
|
32–50
|
27–44
|
15–28
|
17–35
|
15–35
|
20
|
|
Sodium
|
mmol/L
|
142–152
|
146–156
|
136–144
|
128–142
|
139–153
|
142–160
|
137–152
|
131–155
|
147–158
|
134–150
|
147
|
|
Urea nitrogen
|
mmol/L
|
2.9–10.0
|
6.8–12.1
|
3.6–8.9
|
3.9–9.6
|
2.9–8.8
|
3.7–9.3
|
4.5–9.2
|
4.6–10.4
|
4.6–11.4
|
3.9–17
|
0.4
|
|
a Adapted, with permission, in part from Latimer K.S., Mahaffey E.A., and Prasse K.W., Duncan and Prasse's Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology, 4th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2003. Reference ranges vary between laboratories. Using values supplied by the laboratory that is routinely used is recommended.
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b Alk phos = alkaline phosphatase; GGT = gamma glutamyltransferase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; SDH = sorbitol dehydrogenase
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Last full review/revision March 2012
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