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Sections in Veterinary Professionals
  • Behavior
  • Circulatory System
  • Clinical Pathology and Procedures
  • Digestive System
  • Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
  • Endocrine System
  • Exotic and Laboratory Animals
  • Eye and Ear
  • Generalized Conditions
  • Immune System
  • Integumentary System
  • Management and Nutrition
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Musculoskeletal System
  • Nervous System
  • Pharmacology
  • Poultry
  • Reproductive System
  • Respiratory System
  • Toxicology
  • Urinary System
  • Zoonoses
 
  • Merck Manual
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  • Veterinary Professionals
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  • Circulatory System
 
Circulatory System
Hematopoietic System Introduction
Overview of Hematopoietic System
Red Blood Cells
expand / collapse White Blood Cells
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
Platelets
Anemia
expand / collapseOverview of Anemia
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Regenerative Anemias
Blood Loss Anemia
expand / collapse Hemolytic Anemia
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Alloimmune Hemolysis
Microangiopathic Hemolysis
Metabolic Causes of Hemolysis
Toxins
Infections
Heritable Diseases
Nonregenerative Anemias
Nutritional Deficiencies
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Renal Disease
Primary Bone Marrow Diseases
Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions
Overview of Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions
Blood Typing
Crossmatching
expand / collapse Blood Transfusions
Risks of Transfusion
Blood Substitutes: Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier Solutions
Blood Parasites
expand / collapse Anaplasmosis
Etiology
Transmission and Epidemiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Babesiosis
Transmission and Epidemiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings and Pathogenesis
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Zoonotic Risk
expand / collapseOther Important Babesia of Domestic Animals
Cattle
Horses
Sheep and Goats
Pigs
Dogs and Cats
expand / collapse Cytauxzoonosis
Etiology and Transmission
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Hemotropic Mycoplasmas
Transmission
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Zoonotic Risk
Feline Infectious Anemia
expand / collapse Old World Hepatozoonosis and American Canine Hepatozoonosis
Etiology, Epidemiology, and Transmission
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Schistosomiasis
Life Cycle, Transmission and Epidemiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings and Lesions
Visceral Schistosomiasis
Nasal Schistosomiasis
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Theileriases
expand / collapse East Coast Fever
Etiology and Transmission
Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings, and Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Tropical Theileriosis
Other Theileriases of Cattle
Ovine and Caprine Theileriases
expand / collapse Trypanosomiasis
expand / collapseTsetse-transmitted Trypanosomiasis
Transmission and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Surra
Dourine
Chagas' Disease
Nonpathogenic Trypanosomes
Canine Malignant Lymphoma
expand / collapseOverview of Canine Malignant Lymphoma
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Erythrocytosis and Polycythemia
expand / collapseOverview of Erythrocytosis and Polycythemia
Relative Erythrocytosis
Absolute Erythrocytosis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hemostatic Disorders
expand / collapseOverview of Hemostatic Disorders
Physiologic Understanding of Hemostasis
Clinical Approach to Hemostasis
expand / collapseAssessment of Hemostatic Function in Whole Blood
PFA-100
Thromboelastography (TEG)
Coagulation Disorders
expand / collapse Platelet Disorders
expand / collapse Congenital Thrombocytopenia
Hereditary Macrothrombocytopenia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Cyclic Hematopoiesis in Gray Collie Dogs
Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
expand / collapse Acquired Thrombocytopenia
Primary Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia
Rickettsial Diseases
Neoplasia
Vaccine-induced Thrombocytopenia
Drug-induced Thrombocytopenia
Other
expand / collapse Congenital Platelet Function Disorders
Von Willebrand's Disease
Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
Canine Thrombopathia
Bovine Thrombopathia
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia
Acquired Platelet Function Disorders
expand / collapse Vascular Disorders
Congenital Vascular Disorders
Acquired Vascular Disorders
expand / collapse Coagulation Protein Disorders
Congenital Coagulation Protein Disorders
expand / collapse Acquired Coagulation Protein Disorders
Liver Disease
Vitamin K Deficiency
Ingestion of Anticoagulant Rodenticides
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
expand / collapse Pathologic Thrombosis
Primary or Inherited Anticoagulant Disorders
Secondary or Acquired Procoagulant Disorders
Leukocyte Disorders
Overview of Leukocyte Disorders
expand / collapsePhysiology and Pathophysiology of WBCs
Blood Vascular System
expand / collapse Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
expand / collapse Lymphocytes
Lymphocytosis
Lymphopenia
expand / collapse Leukogram Abnormalities
Numerical Abnormalities
Morphologic Abnormalities
expand / collapseInterpretative Patterns for the Leukogram
Corticosteroid-induced or Stress Response
Excitement or Epinephrine Response
Inflammatory Response
Combined Steroid and Inflammatory Pattern
Lymphocytosis
Stem-cell Injury Pattern and Pancytopenia
Eosinophilia and Basophilia
Prominent Metarubricytosis
Hematopoietic Cell Neoplasia and Leukemia
Lymphadenitis and Lymphangitis
expand / collapse Caseous Lymphadenitis
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection of Horses and Cattle
Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Streptococcal Lymphadenitis of Pigs
Transmission, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings, Lesions, and Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Cardiovascular System Introduction
expand / collapseOverview of Cardiovascular System
Heart Rate and the Electrocardiogram
Force of Ventricular Contraction
Oxygen and the Myocardium
Hindrance to Blood Flow
expand / collapse Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System
Valvular Disease
Myocardial Disease
Arrhythmias
Vascular Disease
Cardiac Shunts
Heartworm Disease
Common Endpoints of Heart Disease
Heart Failure, Congestive Heart Failure, and the Failing Heart
Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease
expand / collapse Principles of Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease
Common Therapeutic Agents
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Cardiovascular System
expand / collapseOverview of Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Cardiovascular System
Detection, Diagnosis, and Clinical Significance
Pathophysiology
Innocent Murmurs
expand / collapse Anomalies of Derivatives of the Aortic Arches
expand / collapse Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
expand / collapseOutflow Tract Obstructions
expand / collapse Aortic Stenosis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
expand / collapse Pulmonic Stenosis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
Coarctation of the Aorta
expand / collapse Septal Defects
expand / collapse Atrial Septal Defects
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
expand / collapse Ventricular Septal Defects
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia (PPDH)
expand / collapseTetralogy of Fallot
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
expand / collapse Mitral Valve Dysplasia
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
expand / collapse Mitral Stenosis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
expand / collapse Tricuspid Dysplasia
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Treatment
Ectopic Heart
Miscellaneous Congenital Cardiac Abnormalities
Heart Disease and Heart Failure
Overview of Heart Disease and Heart Failure
expand / collapseDiagnosis of Heart Disease
History and Signalment
expand / collapsePhysical Examination
expand / collapse Heart Sounds
Gallop Heart Sounds
Splitting of S1 or S2
Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter
Murmurs
Arrhythmias
Pulses
Respiratory Sounds
Ascites
Radiography
expand / collapse Electrocardiography
Waveform Abnormalities
Sinus Rhythm
Conduction Disturbances
Arrhythmias
Echocardiography
Cardiac Catheterization
expand / collapse Heart Failure
Systolic Failure
Diastolic Failure
Compensatory Mechanisms
Cardiac Biomarkers
expand / collapseClinical Manifestations
Left-sided Heart Failure
Right-sided Heart Failure
Hemostatic Changes in Heart Failure
expand / collapse Management
Diuretics
Positive Inotropes
Cardiac Glycosides
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Vasodilators
Antiarrhythmics
β-Adrenergic Blockers as Cardioprotective Agents
Nutritional Considerations
Oxygen Therapy
Thoracocentesis
Abdominocentesis
Ancillary Therapy
expand / collapseSpecific Cardiac Diseases
Degenerative Valve Disease
Valvular Blood Cysts or Hematomas
expand / collapseCardiomyopathies
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive/Unclassified Cardiomyopathy
expand / collapse Myocarditis
Chagas' Myocarditis
Lyme Myocarditis
expand / collapseOther Causes of Myocardial Failure
Atrial Standstill
Doxorubicin-induced Myocardial Failure
Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Duchenne's Cardiomyopathy
Infective Endocarditis
Pericardial Disease
Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension
Heartworm Disease
expand / collapseOverview of Heartworm Disease
Life Cycle
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
expand / collapse Treatment in Dogs
Microfilaricide Treatment
Treatment in Cats
Prevention
Bovine High-Mountain Disease
expand / collapseOverview of Bovine High-Mountain Disease
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Thrombosis, Embolism, and Aneurysm
expand / collapseOverview of Thrombosis, Embolism, and Aneurysm
expand / collapseClinical Findings and Diagnosis
Cattle
Horses
Dogs and Cats
Treatment
Audio
Figures
Photographs
Sidebars
Tables
Videos

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