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  • Behavior
  • Circulatory System
  • Clinical Pathology and Procedures
  • Digestive System
  • Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
  • Endocrine System
  • Exotic and Laboratory Animals
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  • Generalized Conditions
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  • Management and Nutrition
  • Metabolic Disorders
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  • Zoonoses
 
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Digestive System
Digestive System Introduction
expand / collapseOverview of Digestive System
Function
Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings of GI Disease
Examination of the GI Tract
expand / collapse Infectious Diseases of the GI Tract
Overview of Gastrointestinal Parasitism
Treatment of Infectious Diseases
Control of Infectious Diseases
Noninfectious Diseases of the GI Tract
Principles of Therapy of GI Disease
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Digestive System
expand / collapse Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Mouth
Cleft Palate or Cleft Lip (Harelip) Complex
Occlusal Anomalies
Tongue Anomalies
Tight-lip Syndrome of Chinese Shar-Peis
expand / collapse Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Teeth
Abnormal Number
Irregularities of Shedding
Abnormalities in Position, Shape, and Direction
Enamel Lesions
Cysts and Sinuses of the Head and Neck
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Esophagus
Hernias
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Stomach
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Small and Large Intestine
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Liver
Dental Development
Overview of Dental Development
expand / collapse Estimation of Age by Examination of the Teeth
Horses
Cattle
Dogs
Dentistry
expand / collapseOverview of Dentistry in Large Animals
Signs of Dental Disease
Dental Examination
Routine Dental Prophylaxis and Extractions
Congenital and Developmental Anomalies of the Mouth and Dentition in Large Animals
Abnormal Tooth Eruption in Large Animals
Irregular Wear of the Dentition in Large Animals
Periodontal Disease in Large Animals
Dental Caries in Large Animals
expand / collapse Periodontal Disease in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Endodontic Disease in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Treatment
expand / collapseTooth Resorption (FORL) in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
expand / collapse Developmental Abnormalities of the Mouth and Dentition in Small Animals
Persistent Deciduous Teeth
Unerupted Teeth
Malformed Teeth
Malocclusion and Malformed Jaws
Dentofacial Trauma in Small Animals
Dental Caries in Small Animals
Pharyngeal Paralysis
expand / collapseOverview of Pharyngeal Paralysis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Diseases of the Rectum and Anus
expand / collapse Anal Sac Disease
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Treatment
expand / collapse Perianal Fistula
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Perianal Tumors
expand / collapse Perineal Hernia
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Rectal and Anorectal Strictures
Rectal Neoplasms
Rectal Polyps
expand / collapse Rectal Prolapse
Etiology
Clinical Findings, Lesions, and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Rectal Tears
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Enteric Campylobacteriosis
expand / collapseOverview of Enteric Campylobacteriosis
Etiology
Transmission and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Intestinal Chlamydial Infections
Overview of Intestinal Chlamydial Infections
Salmonellosis
expand / collapseOverview of Salmonellosis
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseEpidemiology
Cattle and Sheep
Pigs
Horses
Dogs and Cats
Clinical Findings
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Lesions
Treatment
expand / collapseControl and Prevention
Prevention of Introduction
Limitation of Spread Within a Herd
Salmonella Vaccines
Zoonotic Risk
Tyzzer's Disease
expand / collapseOverview of Tyzzer's Disease
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Amebiasis
expand / collapseOverview of Amebiasis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Coccidiosis
expand / collapseOverview of Coccidiosis
Etiology and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Coccidiosis of Cattle
Coccidiosis of Sheep
Coccidiosis of Goats
Coccidiosis of Pigs
Coccidiosis of Cats and Dogs
Cryptosporidiosis
expand / collapseOverview of Cryptosporidiosis
Etiology and Epidemiology
Transmission
Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control
Zoonotic Risk
Giardiasis
expand / collapseOverview of Giardiasis
Life Cycle and Transmission
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control
Diseases of the Mouth in Large Animals
Lip Lacerations in Large Animals
Glossoplegia in Large Animals
Neoplasia of the Mouth in Large Animals
Slaframine Toxicosis in Large Animals
Stomatitis in Large Animals
Papillar Stomatitis in Large Animals
Diseases of the Esophagus in Large Animals
expand / collapse Esophageal Obstruction (Choke) in Large Animals
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Horses
Cattle
Complications of Esophageal Obstruction
Esophageal Obstruction Secondary to Extraesophageal Disease
Esophageal Strictures in Large Animals
Esophageal Neoplasia in Large Animals
Gastrointestinal Ulcers in Large Animals
Overview of Gastrointestinal Ulcers in Large Animals
expand / collapse Gastric Ulcers in Horses
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Gastric Ulcers in Pigs
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diseases of the Ruminant Forestomach
expand / collapse Simple Indigestion in Ruminants
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Grain Overload in Ruminants
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Subacute Ruminal Acidosis
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapseBloat in Ruminants
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control and Prevention
expand / collapse Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Vagal Indigestion Syndrome in Ruminants
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Prevention
Ruminal Drinking
Ruminal Parakeratosis
Diseases of the Abomasum
Overview of Diseases of the Abomasum
expand / collapse Left or Right Displaced Abomasum and Abomasal Volvulus
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Abomasal Ulcers
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Dietary Abomasal Impaction
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
Acute Intestinal Obstructions in Large Animals
expand / collapseOverview of Acute Intestinal Obstructions in Large Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Colic in Horses
expand / collapseOverview of Colic in Horses
GI Anatomy
Blood Supply to the GI Tract
Natural Openings in the Abdomen
Colonic Motility Patterns
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Pain Relief
Fluid Therapy
Protection Against Bacterial Endotoxin
Intestinal Lubricants and Laxatives
Larvicidal Deworming
Surgery
Prognosis
expand / collapseDiseases Associated with Colic by Anatomic Location
expand / collapseStomach
Gastric Dilatation and Gastric Rupture
Gastric Impaction
expand / collapseSmall Intestine
Ileal Impaction
Adhesions
Ascarid Impaction
Proximal Enteritis–Jejunitis
Intussusception
Volvulus
Pedunculated Lipomas
Internal Incarceration
Inguinal Hernia
expand / collapseCecum and Large Intestine
Impaction
Enterolithiasis
Left Dorsal Displacement
Right Dorsal Displacement
Right Dorsal Colitis
Volvulus of the Large Colon
Impaction and Foreign Body Obstruction of the Descending Colon
Intestinal Diseases in Ruminants
expand / collapseIntestinal Diseases in Cattle
expand / collapse Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Mucosal Disease Complex
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Jejunal Hemorrhage Syndrome
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Diagnosis
expand / collapse Winter Dysentery
Etiology
Transmission, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Other Intestinal Diseases of Cattle
expand / collapseIntestinal Diseases in Sheep and Goats
expand / collapse Watery Mouth Disease in Lambs
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Diarrhea in Neonatal Ruminants
expand / collapseEtiology
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Other Causes
Epidemiology and Transmission
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
Zoonotic Risk
Intestinal Diseases in Horses and Foals
Overview of Intestinal Diseases in Horses and Foals
Diarrheal Disease in Horses
expand / collapse Salmonellosis in Horses
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Potomac Horse Fever
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Clostridia-associated Enterocolitis in Horses
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Colitis-X in Horses
Parasitism (Gastrointestinal) in Horses
Sand Enterocolopathy in Horses
Recurrent Diarrhea in Horses
Infiltrative Colonic Disease in Horses
Miscellaneous Causes of Diarrhea in Horses
Foal Heat Diarrhea
expand / collapseBacterial Diarrhea in Foals
Lawsonia intracellularis Infection
Viral Diarrhea in Foals
Miscellaneous Causes of Diarrhea in Foals
Weight Loss and Hypoproteinemia
Gastrointestinal Neoplasia in Horses
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Horses
NSAID Toxicosis in Horses
Small-Intestinal Fibrosis in Horses
Intestinal Diseases in Pigs
Overview of Intestinal Diseases in Pigs
expand / collapse Clostridium difficile Enteritis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Clostridium perfringens Type A Enteritis in Pigs
expand / collapse Clostridium perfringens Type C Enteritis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Edema Disease in Pigs
expand / collapse Enteric Colibacillosis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in Pigs
expand / collapse Intestinal Salmonellosis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Intestinal Spirochetosis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Parasitism (Gastrointestinal) in Pigs
expand / collapse Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
Etiology and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
expand / collapse Porcine Proliferative Enteritis
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Rectal Strictures in Pigs
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Rotaviral Enteritis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Streptococcus dispar Enteritis in Pigs
expand / collapse Swine Dysentery
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Other Intestinal Viruses of Pigs
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Ruminants
expand / collapseOverview of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Ruminants
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
General Control Measures
Cattle—Special Considerations
Sheep—Special Considerations
expand / collapse Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle
expand / collapse Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Trichostrongylus spp
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control
Cooperia spp
Bunostomum sp
Strongyloides sp
Nematodirus spp
Toxocara sp
Oesophagostomum sp
Chabertia sp
Trichuris spp
Tapeworms
expand / collapse Gastrointestinal Parasites of Sheep and Goats
Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Trichostrongylus spp
Intestinal Trichostrongylosis
Bunostomum and Gaigeria spp
Nematodirus spp
Oesophagostomum sp
Chabertia sp
Strongyloides sp
Trichuris spp
Tapeworms
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Horses
expand / collapse Gasterophilus spp in Horses
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Habronema spp in Horses
Oxyuris sp in Horses
Parascaris sp in Horses
expand / collapse Large Strongyles in Horses
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis and Treatment
expand / collapse Small Strongyles in Horses
Larval Cyathostominosis
Treatment
Prevention
Strongyloides sp in Horses
Tapeworms in Horses
Trichostrongylus sp in Horses
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Pigs
Overview of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Pigs
expand / collapse Ascaris sp in Pigs
Distribution and Host Range
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Macracanthorhynchus sp in Pigs
Oesophagostomum spp in Pigs
expand / collapse Stomach Worms in Pigs
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Strongyloides sp in Pigs
Trichuris sp in Pigs
Fluke Infections in Ruminants
Overview of Fluke Infections in Ruminants
expand / collapse Fasciola hepatica in Ruminants
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
Fasciola gigantica in Ruminants
Fascioloides magna in Ruminants
Dicrocoelium dendriticum in Ruminants
Eurytrema spp in Ruminants
Paramphistomes in Ruminants
Hepatic Disease in Large Animals
expand / collapseOverview of Hepatic Disease in Large Animals
Clinical Findings
expand / collapseLaboratory Analyses
Serum Enzyme Concentrations
Serum Total Bile Acid Concentration
Serum Bile Pigments
Urobilinogen
Serum and Plasma Proteins
Prothrombin Time
Urea, Glucose, Ammonia, and Other Alterations
Dye Excretion and Clearance Tests
Scintigraphy
Ultrasonography
Liver Biopsy
Radiography
expand / collapseTreatment and Management
Hepatic Encephalopathy and Hepatic Failure
Dietary Management
expand / collapse Acute Hepatitis in Large Animals
expand / collapse Idiopathic Acute Hepatic Disease
Etiology and Epidemiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Prevention
expand / collapse Acute Hepatic Necrosis in Cattle
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Infectious Hepatitis and Hepatic Abscesses in Large Animals
Tyzzer's Disease
expand / collapse Cholangiohepatitis
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Equine Rhinopneumonitis
Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis
Bacillary Hemoglobinuria
Hepatic Abscesses
expand / collapse Hepatotoxins in Large Animals
expand / collapse Chemical and Drug-Related Causes of Toxic Hepatopathy
Iron Toxicosis
Copper Toxicosis
Miscellaneous Chemicals and Drugs Associated with Hepatotoxicity
Mycotoxicoses
Blue-Green Algae Intoxication
expand / collapse Hepatotoxic Plants
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity
Kleingrass Toxicosis
Alsike Clover Toxicosis
Mycotoxic Lupinosis
Xanthium (Cocklebur) Toxicosis
Miscellaneous Plant Hepatotoxicosis
expand / collapse Cholelithiasis, Choledocholithiasis, and Hepatolithiasis in Large Animals
Etiology and Epidemiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Chronic Active Hepatitis in Large Animals
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
expand / collapse Hyperlipemia and Hepatic Lipidosis in Large Animals
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Hepatic Neoplasia in Large Animals
expand / collapseMiscellaneous Hepatic Disorders in Large Animals
Cholangitis
Hepatic Failure in Foals
Biliary Atresia
expand / collapse Hemochromatosis
Etiology
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Right Hepatic Lobe Atrophy in Horses
Hepatic Lobe Torsion
Hepatic Amyloidosis
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
Primary Hyperammonemia of Adult Horses
expand / collapse Portosystemic Shunts
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hyperammonemia of Morgan Weanlings
expand / collapse Hyperbilirubinemia Syndromes in Large Animals
Gilbert's Syndrome
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
expand / collapse Liver Abscesses in Cattle
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings, Lesions, and Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Malassimilation Syndromes in Large Animals
expand / collapseOverview of Malassimilation Syndromes in Large Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
expand / collapseDiagnosis
d-Xylose Absorption Test
d-Glucose Absorption Test
Oral Lactose Tolerance Test
Treatment
Prognosis
Abdominal Fat Necrosis
Overview of Abdominal Fat Necrosis
Diseases of the Mouth in Small Animals
Overview of Diseases of the Mouth in Small Animals
expand / collapse Oral Inflammatory and Ulcerative Disease in Small Animals
expand / collapse Feline Caudal Stomatitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Lip Fold Dermatitis and Cheilitis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Mycotic Stomatitis
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)
Glossitis
expand / collapseSoft-Tissue Trauma of the Mouth in Small Animals
Cheek-Biting
Mouth Burns
Viral Warts and Papillomas in Small Animals
expand / collapse Oral Tumors in Small Animals
Benign Oral Tumors
expand / collapse Malignant Oral Tumors
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Salivary Disorders in Small Animals
Ptyalism
Salivary Mucocele
Salivary Fistula
Salivary Gland Tumors
Sialadenitis
Salivary Gland Necrosis in Dogs
Phenobarbital-responsive Hypersialosis
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Xerostomia
Diseases of the Esophagus in Small Animals
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia in Small Animals
Dilatation of the Esophagus in Small Animals
Esophageal Dysmotility in Small Animals
Esophageal Strictures in Small Animals
Esophagitis in Small Animals
Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Small Animals
Esophageal Diverticula in Small Animals
Bronchoesophageal Fistula in Small Animals
Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines in Small Animals
expand / collapse Canine Parvovirus
Etiology and Pathophysiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Prevention and Control
expand / collapse Colitis in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Prognosis
expand / collapse Constipation and Obstipation in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Feline Enteric Coronavirus
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment, Control, and Prevention
expand / collapse Gastric Dilation and Volvulus in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Gastritis in Small Animals
Acute Gastritis
Chronic Gastritis
expand / collapse Gastrointestinal Neoplasia in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
expand / collapse Gastrointestinal Obstruction in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis and Prevention
expand / collapse Gastrointestinal Ulcers in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Prognosis
expand / collapse Helicobacter Infections in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Zoonotic Risk
expand / collapse Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
expand / collapse Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Malabsorption Syndromes in Small Animals
Physiology
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
The Exocrine Pancreas
Overview of The Exocrine Pancreas
expand / collapse Pancreatitis in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Small Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
expand / collapse Pancreatic Neoplasms in Small Animals
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Pancreatic Abscesses in Small Animals
Pancreatic Pseudocyst in Small Animals
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Small Animals
expand / collapse Spirocerca lupi in Small Animals
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Physaloptera spp in Small Animals
Ollulanus sp in Small Animals
expand / collapse Strongyloides sp in Small Animals
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Roundworms in Small Animals
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Hookworms in Small Animals
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Whipworms in Small Animals
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Acanthocephalans in Small Animals
Oncicola sp
Macracanthorhynchus sp
Tapeworms in Small Animals
expand / collapse Flukes in Small Animals
Intestinal Flukes
Hepatic Flukes
Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
Overview of Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
Hematology in Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
Coagulation Tests in Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
expand / collapseEnzyme Activity in Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
expand / collapse Aminotransferases
Alanine Aminotransferase
Aspartate Aminotransferase
Alkaline Phosphatase
γ-Glutamyl transferase
expand / collapseOther Serum Biochemical Measures in Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
Albumin
Bilirubin
BUN and Creatinine
Glucose
Cholesterol
expand / collapseHepatic Function Tests in Small Animals
Total Serum Bile Acids
Ammonia
expand / collapseImaging in Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
Radiography
Ultrasonography
Computed Tomography
Cholecystocentesis in Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
Liver Cytology in Small Animals
Liver Biopsy in Small Animals
Pathologic Changes in Bile in Small Animals
expand / collapse Nutrition in Hepatic Disease in Small Animals
Energy Allowance
expand / collapseDietary Protein Allowance
Modified Protein Quality/Source
Dietary Fat
expand / collapseMicronutrients and Vitamins
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fulminant Hepatic Failure in Small Animals
Hepatic Encephalopathy in Small Animals
Portal Hypertension and Ascites in Small Animals
expand / collapsePortosystemic Vascular Malformations in Small Animals
Microvascular Dysplasia
Portosystemic Vascular Anomalies (PSVA)
Acquired Portosystemic Shunts in Small Animals
expand / collapseOther Hepatic Vascular Disorders in Small Animals
Hepatic Arteriovenous Fistula
Hepatic Vein Outflow Obstruction
Hepatotoxins in Small Animals
expand / collapseInfectious Diseases of the Liver in Small Animals
Viral Diseases
expand / collapseBacterial Diseases
Leptospirosis
Tyzzer's disease
Mycobacterium avium Infection
Extrahepatic and Intrahepatic Bacterial Infections and Sepsis
Mycotic Diseases
expand / collapseProtozoal Diseases
Toxoplasmosis
Leishmaniosis
Feline Hepatic Lipidosis
Biliary Cirrhosis in Small Animals
Canine Cholangiohepatitis
expand / collapse Canine Chronic Hepatitis
expand / collapse Copper-associated Hepatopathy
Copper-Associated Hepatopathy in Dalmatians
Chronic Hepatitis with or without Copper in West Highland White Terriers
Idiopathic Chronic Hepatitis
expand / collapseBreed-specific Chronic Hepatitis
Labrador Retrievers
Doberman Pinschers
Cocker Spaniels
Skye Terriers
Lobular Dissecting Hepatitis in Small Animals
Canine Vacuolar Hepatopathy
Metabolic Diseases Affecting the Liver in Small Animals
Hepatocutaneous Syndrome in Small Animals
Nodular Hyperplasia in Small Animals
expand / collapse Hepatic Neoplasia in Small Animals
Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Hepatocellular Adenomas
Biliary Adenocarcinomas
Lymphoma
Myelolipomas
Metastatic Neoplasia
expand / collapseMiscellaneous Liver Diseases in Small Animals
Glycogen Storage Disease
Hepatic Amyloidosis
Diseases of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Biliary System in Small Animals
expand / collapse Cholecystitis in Small Animals
Clinical Findings
Treatment and Prognosis
expand / collapse Canine Gallbladder Mucocele
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Other Disorders of the Gallbladder in Small Animals
expand / collapseOther Disorders of Bile Ducts in Small Animals
Benign Hepatic or Biliary Cysts
Hepatic Fibropolycystic Disorders
Choledochal Cyst
Biliary Cystadenoma
expand / collapse Extrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction in Small Animals
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Cholelithiasis in Small Animals
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Biliary Tree Rupture and Bile Peritonitis in Small Animals
Feline Cholangitis/Cholangiohepatitis Syndrome
Hepatobiliary Fluke Infection in Small Animals
Vomiting
expand / collapseOverview of Vomiting
Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Audio
Figures
Photographs
Sidebars
Tables
Videos

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