Cutaneous mast cell tumors are probably the most common nonendocrine tumor in ferrets. These tumors can appear anywhere on the body but typically affect the trunk and neck. The tumor appears as a raised, irregular, and often scabbed mass. Systemic signs are rare, but the tumors may bleed when scratched. Treatment is by excision.

Lymphoma is common in ferrets and can affect many organ systems including the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, heart, thymus, and kidneys. Disease of the spine and central nervous system has also been seen. Lymphoma of young ferrets is often rapidly progressive, whereas it is often a chronic disease in adults. Clusters of lymphoma have been seen in related or cohabitating ferrets, and a viral agent is suspected in those cases. Diagnostics should include a CBC, chemistry panel, radiographs, ultrasonography, and aspirates of any suspected tissues. Treatment protocols for ferrets have not been standardized but can include removal of the neoplastic tissue if possible, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. Immunosuppression is a common problem with chemotherapy in the ferret, and frequent CBC are imperative with any treatment protocol.

Chordomas and chondrosarcomas have been reported in ferrets. Chordomas typically appear as firm masses on the tail. They may become ulcerated from dragging on the ground but otherwise cause few problems. These tumors have also been reported at the cervical region. Surgical removal is suggested when possible. Chondrosarcomas can occur anywhere along the spine, ribs, or sternum and tend to cause spinal cord compression and associated clinical signs. Treatment should include removal, if possible.

Splenomegaly is common in adult ferrets and is usually caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis; however, lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma can occur.

Last full review/revision July 2011 by James K. Morrisey, DVM, DABVP (Avian)