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  • Circulatory System
  • Clinical Pathology and Procedures
  • Digestive System
  • Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
  • Endocrine System
  • Exotic and Laboratory Animals
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  • Musculoskeletal System
 
Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System Introduction
Overview of Musculoskeletal System
Disorders of Muscle
Disorders of Tendons
Disorders of Bone
Disorders of Joints
Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System
Overview of Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System
expand / collapse Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System in Multiple Species
Contracted Flexor Tendons
Dyschondroplasia
Dystrophy-Like Myopathies
Glycogen Storage Disease
Muscular Steatosis
Myopathy Associated with Congenital Articular Rigidity
Osteochondrosis
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteopetrosis
Syndactyly and Polydactyly
expand / collapse Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System in Cattle
Arthrogryposis
Brown Atrophy
Double Muscling
Limber Leg
Defects of the Spine
Perosomus Elumbis
expand / collapse Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System in Horses
Angular Limb Deformities
Defects of the Spine
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy
Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency
expand / collapse Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System in Sheep
Spider Lamb Syndrome
expand / collapse Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System in Pigs
Splayleg
Dystrophies Associated with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D
Overview of Dystrophies Associated with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D
expand / collapse Rickets
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Treatment
expand / collapse Osteomalacia
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Enzootic Calcinosis
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Vitamin D3 Toxicity
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Fibrous Osteodystrophy
expand / collapse Primary Hyperparathyroidism
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
expand / collapse Hypoparathyroidism
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Arthropathies in Large Animals
Overview of Arthropathies in Large Animals
expand / collapse Arthritis in Large Animals
expand / collapse Traumatic Arthritis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Osteochondritis Dissecans
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Subchondral Cystic Lesions
expand / collapse Septic Arthritis
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Osteoarthritis
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Bursitis in Large Animals
Capped Elbow and Hock
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Fistulous Withers and Poll Evil
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Treatment and Prevention
expand / collapse Chlamydial Polyarthritis-Serositis in Large Animals
Etiology and Epidemiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
expand / collapse Tenosynovitis in Large Animals
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Lameness in Cattle
Overview of Lameness in Cattle
expand / collapseDiagnostic Procedures in Cattle Lameness
expand / collapsePhysical Examination
Visual Appearance of the Standing Animal
Stance or Posture
Characteristics of Lameness
Examination of the Claw
expand / collapseRadiography
expand / collapseRadiography of the Digital Region
Radiographic Analysis and Interpretation
Regional Analgesia
Arthroscopy and Arthrocentesis
expand / collapsePreventive Procedures in Cattle Lameness
Pain Management
Functional Claw Trimming
Footbaths
expand / collapse Laminitis in Cattle
expand / collapseAcute or Subacute Laminitis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Control
Chronic Laminitis
expand / collapseSubclinical Laminitis
Clinical Findings
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Disorders of the Claw Capsule in Cattle
expand / collapse Sole Ulcer
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Prevention and Control
expand / collapse White Line Disease
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Toe Ulcer
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Double Sole
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Treatment and Control
Foreign Bodies in the Sole
expand / collapse Sandcracks
Clinical Findings
Etiology
Treatment
expand / collapse Horizontal Fissures
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Corkscrew Claw
Pathogenesis
Treatment
Slipper Foot
expand / collapseDisorders of the Interdigital Space in Cattle
expand / collapse Footrot
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Prevention and Control
expand / collapse Interdigital Dermatitis
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Control
expand / collapse Digital Dermatitis
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Control
expand / collapse Heel Horn Erosion
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment and Control
expand / collapse Interdigital Hyperplasia
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Disorders of the Bones and Joints in Cattle
Ankylosing Spondylosis
expand / collapse Degenerative Arthropathy
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Dislocations
Coxofemoral Luxation
Patellar Luxation
Dislocation of the Fetlock
Hip Dysplasia
Fractures
expand / collapse Septic Arthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Serous Tarsitis
expand / collapse Neurologic Disorders Associated with Lameness or Gait Abnormalities in Cattle
Suprascapular Paralysis
expand / collapse Radial Paralysis
Etiology
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Ischiatic Paralysis
expand / collapse Obturator Paralysis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Femoral Paralysis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Peroneal Paralysis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Tibial Paralysis
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Spastic Syndrome
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Spastic Paresis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapseSoft-Tissue Disorders Causing Lameness in Cattle
Carpal Hygroma
Frostbite
Hematoma
Rupture of the Gastrocnemius Muscle or Tendon
Rupture of the Peroneus Tertius Muscle
Tarsal Cellulitis
Lameness in Goats
Overview of Lameness in Goats
expand / collapse Bent Leg in Goats
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis
Contracted Tendons in Goat Kids
Copper Deficiency in Goats
Footrot and Foot Scald in Goats
expand / collapse Joint-Ill in Goats
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Control
Laminitis in Goats
Mycoplasmosis in Goats
Trauma in Goats
White Muscle Disease in Goats
Lameness in Horses
Overview of Lameness in Horses
The Lameness Examination in Horses
expand / collapseImaging Techniques in Equine Lameness
Anatomic Imaging Techniques
Physiologic Imaging Techniques
Arthroscopy in Equine Lameness
expand / collapse Regional Anesthesia in Equine Lameness
Regional Anesthesia of the Forelimb
Regional Anesthesia of the Pelvic Limb
Osseous Cyst-Like Lesions in the Distal Phalanx in Horses
Bruised Sole and Corns in Horses
Canker in Horses
Fracture of Navicular Bone in Horses
Fracture of Distal Phalanx in Horses
Keratoma in Horses
expand / collapse Laminitis in Horses
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Navicular Disease in Horses
Etiology
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Pedal Osteitis in Horses
Puncture Wounds of the Foot in Horses
Pyramidal Disease in Horses
Quittor in Horses
Quarter Crack in Horses
Scratches in Horses
White Line Disease in Horses
Sheared Heels in Horses
Sidebone in Horses
Thrush in Horses
Fracture of Phalanges and Proximal Sesamoids in Horses
Osteoarthritis in Horses (Fetlock and Pastern)
Palmar/Plantar Osteochondral Disease in Horses
Sesamoiditis in Horses
Chronic Proliferative Synovitis in Horses
Digital Sheath Tenosynovitis in Horses
Disorders of the Carpus and Metacarpus in Horses
Bucked Shins in Horses
Subchondral Bone Disease of the Carpal Bones in Horses
Desmitis or Sprain of the Inferior Check Ligament in Horses
expand / collapse Fracture of the Carpal Bones in Horses
Intra-Articular Osteochondral Chip Fragments of the Carpus
Carpal Slab Fractures
Accessory Carpal Bone Fractures
Fractures of the Small Metacarpal and Metatarsal (Splint) Bones in Horses
Fracture of the Third Metacarpal (Cannon) Bone in Horses
Hygroma in Horses
Osteoarthritis in Horses (Carpus and Metacarpus)
Osteochondritis Dissecans in Horses
Osteochondroma of the Distal Radius in Horses
Rupture of the Common Digital Extensor Tendon in Horses
Splints in Horses
Subchondral Bone Cysts and Septic Arthritis in Horses
expand / collapse Suspensory Desmitis in Horses
Proximal Suspensory Desmitis
Desmitis of the Body of the Suspensory Ligament
Desmitis of the Medial or Lateral Branch of the Suspensory Ligament
Synovial Hernia and Ganglion and Synovial Fistulae in Horses
Tearing of the Medial Palmar Intercarpal Ligament in Horses
Tenosynovitis of the Tendon Sheaths Associated with the Carpus in Horses
Traumatic Synovitis and Capsulitis in Horses
expand / collapseShoulder Disorders in Horses
expand / collapseDevelopmental Diseases
Subchondral Cyst-like Lesions
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Scapulohumeral Dysplasia
Fractures
Bicipital Bursitis
Infection
Suprascapular Neuropathy
Osteoarthritis
expand / collapseElbow Disorders in Horses
Developmental Orthopedic Disease
Fractures
Osteoarthritis
Collateral Ligament Injury
Disorders of the Tarsus and Metatarsus in Horses
Bog Spavin in Horses
Bone Spavin in Horses
Curb in Horses
Displacement of the Superficial Flexor Tendon from the Point of the Hock in Horses
Fracture of the Tarsus in Horses
Luxation of the Hock in Horses
Hindlimb Tendon Ruptures in Horses
Rupture of the Peroneus Tertius Muscle in Horses
Stringhalt in Horses
Thoroughpin in Horses
Fractures of the Third Metatarsal Bone in Horses
Large Wounds in the Proximal Metatarsal Region in Horses
Osteochondrosis of the Stifle in Horses
Subchondral Cystic Lesions in Horses
Meniscus and Meniscal Ligament Injuries in Horses
Cranial and Caudal Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Horses
Collateral Ligament Injuries in Horses
Intermittent Upward Fixation of Patella and Delayed Patella Release in Horses
Fragmentation of the Patella in Horses
Patellar Luxation in Horses
Patellar Ligament Injuries in Horses
Gonitis and Osteoarthritis in Horses
expand / collapse Fractures in Horses
Fractures of the Patella
Fractures of the Tibial Tuberosity
Fractures of the Femoral Condyles and Femoral Trochlear Ridges
Disorders of the Hip in Horses
Luxation of the Coxofemoral Joint in Horses
Pelvic Fracture in Horses
Osteoarthritis and other Coxofemoral Joint Diseases in Horses
Disorders of the Back and Pelvis in Horses
expand / collapseSpinal Processes and Associated Ligaments in Horses
Kissing Spines
Fractures
Desmopathies
Articular Process-Synovial Intervertebral Articulation Complexes in Horses
Vertebral Bodies and Disks in Horses
Muscle Strain and Soreness in Horses
Lumbosacral Junction Abnormalities in Horses
Sacroiliac Joint Abnormalities in Horses
expand / collapse Tendinitis in Horses
Etiology
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Developmental Orthopedic Disease in Horses
expand / collapse Osteochondrosis in Horses
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Management
Physitis in Horses
expand / collapse Flexion Deformities in Horses
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Lameness in Pigs
expand / collapseOverview of Lameness in Pigs
Signalment
History
Clinical Evaluation
Environment and Management
Nutrition
Necropsy
Therapeutic Considerations
expand / collapse Lameness in Pigs in Farrowing Houses
Hereditary and Congenital Disorders
Neonatal Polyarthritis (Joint-Ill)
Diseases of the Foot
Muscular Disorders
Neurologic Disorders
expand / collapse Lameness in Pigs in Nurseries
Infectious Arthritis or Polyarthritis
Streptococcosis
Erysipelas
Vertebral Deformities
expand / collapse Lameness in Pigs in Grower/Finisher Areas
Arthritis
Erysipelas
Osteomyelitis
Osteochondrosis and Osteoarthrosis
Rickets
Foot Disorders
Nutritional Myopathy (White Muscle Disease)
expand / collapse Lameness in Breeding Gilts, Sows, and Boars
Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Osteoporosis
Osteomyelitis and Spinal Abscesses
Osteochondrosis and Leg Weakness (Degenerative Joint Disease, Dyschondroplasia)
Footrot or Septic Laminitis
Trauma
Lameness in Sheep
Overview of Lameness in Sheep
Interdigital Dermatitis in Sheep
expand / collapse Contagious Footrot in Sheep
Benign Footrot
expand / collapse Virulent Footrot
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
Eradication
Foot Abscess in Sheep
Impacted or Infected Oil Gland in Sheep
Interdigital Fibroma in Sheep
Septic Laminitis in Sheep
Myopathies in Ruminants and Pigs
expand / collapseInfectious Myopathies in Ruminants and Pigs
Clostridial Myonecrosis
Sarcocystosis
expand / collapse Nutritional Myopathies in Ruminants and Pigs
Nutritional Myodegeneration
Hypokalemic Myopathy
expand / collapse Nutritional Myopathy of Pigs
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
expand / collapse Toxic Myopathies in Ruminants and Pigs
Plant Toxins
Ionophores
expand / collapseTraumatic Myopathies in Cattle
Muscle Crush Syndrome of Cattle
expand / collapseGenetic Myopathies in Ruminants and Pigs
Caprine Myotonia
Phosphorylase Deficiency in Charolais Cattle
Porcine Malignant Hyperthermia
Porcine RN (–) Glycogen Storage Disease
Myopathies in Horses
Overview of Myopathies in Horses
expand / collapse Exertional Myopathies in Horses
Sporadic Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
Chronic Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
expand / collapseInfectious Myopathies in Horses
Virus-Associated Myositis
Sarcocystis Myositis
Anaplasma-Associated Rhabdomyolysis
Streptococcus equi Rhabdomyolysis
Clostridial Myositis
Muscle Abscesses
expand / collapseImmune-Mediated Myopathies in Horses
Infarctive Hemorrhagic Purpura
Immune-Mediated Myositis
expand / collapse Nutritional Myopathies in Horses
Nutritional Myodegeneration
expand / collapse Toxic Myopathies in Horses
Ionophores
expand / collapsePlants Causing Myopathies in Horses
Atypical Myoglobinuria
expand / collapseTraumatic and Anesthetic Myopathies in Horses
Post-Anesthetic Myopathy
Malignant Hyperthermia
Fibrotic Myopathy
expand / collapse Muscle Cramping in Horses
Electrolyte Disturbances
Hypocalcemia in Horses
Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter
Ear Tick-Associated Muscle Cramping
Shivers
expand / collapseMyotonic Disorders in Horses
Myotonia Congenita and Dystrophica
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
expand / collapseHereditary and Congenital Myopathies in Horses
Mitochondrial Myopathy
Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency
Bovine Secondary Recumbency
expand / collapseOverview of Bovine Secondary Recumbency
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Physical Examination
Lesions
expand / collapseTreatment
Assisting the Cow to Rise
Moving a Recumbent Cow
Supportive Care of Recumbent Cows
Prevention
Animal Welfare Considerations
Lameness in Small Animals
Overview of Lameness in Small Animals
expand / collapseThe Lameness Examination in Small Animals
Imaging Techniques
Arthroscopy
Pain Management in Small Animals with Lameness
Arthropathies and Related Disorders in Small Animals
Overview of Arthropathies and Related Disorders in Small Animals
Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Small Animals
Patellar Luxation in Small Animals
Osteochondrosis in Small Animals
expand / collapse Elbow Dysplasia in Small Animals
Ununited Anconeal Process
Fragmentation of the Medial Coronoid Process
Osteochondrosis of the Medial Humeral Condyle
Treatment
Hip Dysplasia in Small Animals
Degenerative Arthritis in Small Animals
Septic Arthritis in Small Animals
Immune-Mediated Arthritis in Small Animals
Neoplastic Arthritis in Small Animals
expand / collapse Joint Trauma in Small Animals
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Joint Fractures
Palmar Carpal Breakdown
Hip Luxation
Myopathies in Small Animals
Overview of Myopathies in Small Animals
Yellow Fat Disease
Labrador Retriever Myopathy
Great Dane Myopathy
Fibrotic Myopathy in Small Animals
Myositis Ossificans in Doberman Pinschers
Polymyositis in Small Animals
Masticatory Myositis in Small Animals
Feline Hypokalemic Polymyopathy
Malignant Hyperthermia in Small Animals
Exertional Myopathy in Small Animals
expand / collapse Muscular Trauma in Small Animals
Infraspinatus Contracture
Tenosynovitis of the Biceps Brachii Tendon: in Small Animals
Quadriceps Contracture (Quadriceps Tie-Down, Stiff Stifle Disease)
Achilles Tendon Disruption (Dropped Hock)
Iliopsoas Muscle Trauma
Muscle Tumors in Small Animals
Osteopathies in Small Animals
Overview of Osteopathies in Small Animals
expand / collapse Developmental Osteopathies in Small Animals
Angular Deformity of the Forelimb
Craniomandibular Osteopathy
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses
Panosteitis
Retained Ulnar Cartilage Cores
Scottish Fold Osteodystrophy
Osteomyelitis in Small Animals
Hypertrophic Osteopathy in Small Animals
Nutritional Osteopathies in Small Animals
Bone Tumors in Small Animals
Bone Trauma in Small Animals
Sarcocystosis
expand / collapseOverview of Sarcocystosis
Etiology, Transmission, and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Control
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