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Sections in Veterinary Professionals
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  • Circulatory System
  • Clinical Pathology and Procedures
  • Digestive System
  • Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
  • Endocrine System
  • Exotic and Laboratory Animals
  • Eye and Ear
  • Generalized Conditions
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  • Integumentary System
  • Management and Nutrition
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Musculoskeletal System
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  • Reproductive System
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  • Toxicology
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Toxicology
Toxicology Introduction
Overview of Toxicology
expand / collapseAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
expand / collapseFactors Affecting the Activity of Toxicants
Factors Related to Exposure
Biologic Factors
Chemical Factors
Diagnosis of Toxicosis
expand / collapse Principles of Therapy of Toxicosis
Prevention of Further Absorption
Supportive Therapy
Specific Antidotes
Algal Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Algal Poisoning
Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Cyanide Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Cyanide Poisoning
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment, Control, and Prevention
Food Hazards
expand / collapse Avocado
Etiology
Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Bread Dough
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Chocolate
Etiology
Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Macadamia Nuts
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Raisins/Grapes
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Herbicide Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Herbicide Poisoning
Toxicity and Management of Poisoning
expand / collapse Inorganic Herbicides and Organic Arsenicals
Arsenicals
Ammonium Sulfamate
Borax
Sodium Chlorate
expand / collapse Organic Herbicides
Anilide, Acetamides, or Amide Compounds
Bipyridyl Compounds or Quaternary Ammonium Herbicides
Carbamate and Thiocarbamate Compounds
Aromatic/Benzoic Acid Compounds
Phenoxy Acid Derivatives
Dinitrophenolic Compounds
Organophosphate Compounds
Triazolopyrimidine Compounds
Ureas and Thiourea Compounds
Polycyclic Alkanoic Acids or Arylo-Xyphenoxypropionic Compounds
Triazinylsulfonylurea or Sulfon-Ylurea Compounds
Triazines and Triazoles
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors
Substituted Anilines
Imidazolinones
Other Herbicides
Household Hazards
Overview of Household Hazards
expand / collapse Alcohols
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Chlorine Bleaches
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Treatment
expand / collapse Corrosives
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Treatment
expand / collapse Alkaline Batteries
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Cationic Detergents
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Treatment
expand / collapse Detergents, Soaps, and Shampoos
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Mycotoxicoses
expand / collapseOverview of Mycotoxicoses
Sampling and Submitting Feeds for Laboratory Analysis
Mycotoxin Adsorbents
expand / collapse Aflatoxicosis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
expand / collapse Ergotism
Etiology
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
expand / collapse Estrogenism and Vulvovaginitis
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
expand / collapse Facial Eczema
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings, Lesions, and Diagnosis
Control
expand / collapse Fescue Poisoning
Fescue Lameness
Summer Fescue Toxicosis
Fumonisin Toxicosis
expand / collapse Mycotoxic Lupinosis
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings, Lesions, and Diagnosis
Control
Paspalum Staggers
Slaframine Toxicosis
expand / collapse Trichothecene Toxicosis
Diagnosis
Control
Toxicities from Human Drugs
Toxicities from Over-the-Counter Drugs
expand / collapse Cold and Cough Medications (Toxicity)
expand / collapse Antihistamines
Treatment
Dextromethorphan
expand / collapse Decongestants (Toxicity)
expand / collapse Imidazoline Decongestants
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Phenylephrine
expand / collapse Pseudoephedrine and Ephedrine
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapse Analgesics (Toxicity)
expand / collapse Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)
Treatment
expand / collapseAcetaminophen
Treatment
expand / collapse Gastrointestinal Drugs (Toxicity)
H2-Receptor Antagonists
Antacids
Multivitamins and Iron (Toxicity)
expand / collapse Topical Preparations (Toxicity)
Zinc Oxide
expand / collapse Herbal Supplements (Toxicity)
Ma Huang (Ephedrine) and Guarana (Caffeine)
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Toxicities from Prescription Drugs
expand / collapse Cardiovascular Medications (Toxicity)
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Calcium Channel Blockers
β Blockers
Phenylpropanolamine
Diuretics
expand / collapse Tranquilizers, Antidepressants, Sleep Aids, and Anticonvulsants (Toxicity)
Benzodiazepines
expand / collapse Antidepressants
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Miscellaneous (Atypical) Antidepressants
Treatment
Serotonin Syndrome
Barbiturates
Sleep Aids
Phenothiazine Tranquilizers
Muscle Relaxants (Toxicity)
expand / collapse Topical Agents (Toxicity)
5-Fluorouracil
Calcipotriene
expand / collapse Prescription Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (Toxicity)
Etodolac
Meloxicam
expand / collapse Toxicities from Illicit and Abused Drugs
expand / collapse Amphetamines and Related Drugs
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Cocaine
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Ecstasy (MDMA or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
expand / collapse Marijuana (Cannabis)
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Opiates
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nonprotein Nitrogen Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Nonprotein Nitrogen Poisoning
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
Coal-Tar Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Coal-Tar Poisoning
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
expand / collapseOverview of Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Propylene Glycol Toxicosis
Nitrate and Nitrite Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Nitrate and Nitrite Poisoning
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control
Pentachlorophenol Poisoning
Overview of Pentachlorophenol Poisoning
Petroleum Product Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Petroleum Product Poisoning
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Effects of Oil and Gas Fields on Cattle Health and Production
Persistent Halogenated Aromatic Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Persistent Halogenated Aromatic Poisoning
Etiology
Transmission and Food Safety
Toxicology
Clinical Findings and Pathology
Diagnosis
Treatment/Control
Insecticide and Acaricide (Organic) Toxicity
Overview of Insecticide and Acaricide (Organic) Toxicity
expand / collapse Carbamate Insecticides (Toxicity)
Aldicarb
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Methomyl
Propoxur
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Compounds (Toxicity)
Aldrin
Benzene hexachloride (BHC, HCH, hexachlorocyclohexane)
Chlordane
Dieldrin
Endosulfan
Heptachlor
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Insecticides Derived from Plants (Toxicity)
Pyrethrins
Pyrethroids
d-Limonene
expand / collapse Organophosphates (Toxicity)
expand / collapseOrganophosphate Insecticides
Azinphos-methyl (or -ethyl)
Carbophenothion
Chlorfenvinphos
Chlorpyrifos
Coumaphos
Crotoxyphos
Demeton
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dimethoate
Dioxathion
Disulfoton
Ethyl 4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN)
Famphur
Fenitrothion
Fenthion
Malathion
Methyl parathion
Mevinphos
Naled
Oxydemeton-methyl
Parathion
Phorate
Phosmet
Ronnel (fenchlorphos)
Ruelene
Temephos
Terbufos
Tetrachlorvinphos
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
Trichlorfon
Clinical Findings
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Lesions
Treatment
Intermediate Syndrome
Delayed Neurotoxicity from Triaryl Phosphates
Pesticide Potentiating Agents (Toxicity)
expand / collapse Solvents and Emulsifiers (Toxicity)
Acetone
Isopropyl Alcohol
Methanol
Sulfur and Lime-sulfur
Metaldehyde Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Metaldehyde Poisoning
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Signs and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Arsenic Poisoning
Overview of Arsenic Poisoning
expand / collapse Inorganic Arsenicals (Toxicity)
Toxicokinetics and Mechanism of Action
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Organic Arsenicals (Toxicity)
Etiology
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Copper Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Copper Poisoning
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Fluoride Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Fluoride Poisoning
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Iron Toxicity in Newborn Pigs
Overview of Iron Toxicity in Newborn Pigs
Lead Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Lead Poisoning
Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mercury Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Mercury Poisoning
Inorganic Mercurials
Organic Mercury
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Molybdenum Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Molybdenum Poisoning
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
Salt Toxicity
expand / collapseOverview of Salt Toxicity
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Selenium Toxicosis
expand / collapseOverview of Selenium Toxicosis
Etiology
Diagnosis
expand / collapse Chronic Selenium Toxicosis
Clinical Findings
Treatment and Control
Subchronic Selenium Toxicosis
Acute Selenium Toxicosis
Zinc Toxicosis
expand / collapseOverview of Zinc Toxicosis
Pathogenesis
Clinical Signs and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
Bracken Fern Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Bracken Fern Poisoning
Enzootic Hematuria
Bright Blindness
Bracken Staggers
Treatment
Prevention
Gossypol Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Gossypol Poisoning
Etiology
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Plants Poisonous to Animals
Houseplants and Ornamentals
Range Plants of Temperate North America
Important Poisonous Plants of Australia
Poisonous Mushrooms
Overview of Poisonous Mushrooms
expand / collapseToxins: Latent Period <3 hr Post-Ingestion of Mushrooms
expand / collapse Clitocybe dealbata, C dilatata, and Inocybe spp
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Amanita muscaria and A pantherina
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Chlorophyllum molybdites and Russula emetica
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Psilocybe cubensis, Conocybe cyanopus, Gymnopilus spectabilis; Panaeolus subbalteatus
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapseToxins: Latent Period >6 hr Post-Ingestion of Mushrooms
expand / collapse Amanita phalloides, A virosa, Galerina autumnalis, G nenenata, Lepiota helveola, and Conocybe filaris
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Gyromitra esculenta
Clinical Findings
Treatment
expand / collapseToxins: Latent Period >24 hr Post-Ingestion of Mushrooms
expand / collapse Cortinarius orellanus, C rainierensis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapseMiscellaneous Poisonous Mushrooms
expand / collapse Ramaria flavo-brunnescens
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Paxillus involutus
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis and Treatment
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloidosis
expand / collapseOverview of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloidosis
Etiology and Pathogenesis
expand / collapseClinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Quercus Poisoning
Overview of Quercus Poisoning
Ryegrass Toxicity
Annual Ryegrass Staggers
Perennial Ryegrass Staggers
Sorghum Poisoning
Overview of Sorghum Poisoning
Sweet Clover Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Sweet Clover Poisoning
Etiology
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Cantharidin Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Cantharidin Poisoning
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Snakebite
expand / collapseOverview of Snakebite
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Toad Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Toad Poisoning
Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
Treatment
Venomous Arthropods
Overview of Venomous Arthropods
expand / collapse Spiders
Widow Spiders
Brown Recluse Spiders
Tarantulas
expand / collapse Hymenoptera
Honey Bees, Wasps, Hornets and Yellow Jackets
Africanized Honeybees or “Killer Bees”
Fire Ant Bites and Stings
Rodenticide Poisoning
Overview of Rodenticide Poisoning
Anticoagulant Rodenticides (Warfarin and Congeners)
ANTU (α-Naphthylthiourea)
Bromethalin
Cholecalciferol
Phosphorus Poisoning
Red Squill
Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) and Sodium Fluoroacetamide (1081)
Thallium Sulfate
Zinc Phosphide and Aluminum Phosphide
Strychnine Poisoning
expand / collapseOverview of Strychnine Poisoning
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Audio
Figures
Photographs
Sidebars
Tables
Videos

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