Port-wine stains (or nevus flammeus) are flat, reddish to purple lesions appearing anywhere on the body (1 General reference Capillary malformations are present at birth and appear as flat, pink, red, or purplish lesions. Port-wine stains are capillary vascular malformations that are present at birth and that manifest... read more 
). Lesions become darker and more palpable with time (often becoming quite hyperplastic by late middle age), but the lateral extent increases only in proportion to the growth of the patient. Port-wine stains of the trigeminal area may be a component of the Sturge-Weber syndrome Sturge-Weber Syndrome Sturge-Weber syndrome is a congenital vascular disorder characterized by a facial port-wine nevus, a leptomeningeal angioma, and neurologic complications (eg, seizures, focal neurologic deficits... read more 
(in which a similar vascular lesion appears on the underlying meninges and cerebral cortex and is associated with a variety of neurologic and ocular abnormalities such as seizures Seizure Disorders A seizure is an abnormal, unregulated electrical discharge that occurs within the brain’s cortical gray matter and transiently interrupts normal brain function. A seizure typically causes altered... read more and glaucoma Overview of Glaucoma Glaucomas are a group of eye disorders characterized by progressive optic nerve damage in which an important part is a relative increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) that can lead to irreversible... read more ).
General reference
1. Escobar K, Pandher K, Jahnke MN: Capillary malformations. Dermatol Clin 40(4):425-433, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2022.06.005
Diagnosis of Capillary Malformations
Diagnosis of capillary malformations is made clinically. Imaging studies may be indicated, depending on findings, to diagnose associated syndromes (eg, Sturge-Weber syndrome Sturge-Weber Syndrome Sturge-Weber syndrome is a congenital vascular disorder characterized by a facial port-wine nevus, a leptomeningeal angioma, and neurologic complications (eg, seizures, focal neurologic deficits... read more ).
Treatment of Capillary Malformations
Vascular laser treatment or cosmetic creams
Treatment with vascular lasers produces excellent results in many cases, especially if the lesion is treated as early in life as possible (1 Treatment reference Capillary malformations are present at birth and appear as flat, pink, red, or purplish lesions. Port-wine stains are capillary vascular malformations that are present at birth and that manifest... read more ). The lesion can also be hidden with an opaque cosmetic cream prepared to match the patient’s skin color.
Treatment reference
1. DeHart AN, Richter GT: Laser treatment of vascular anomalies. Dermatol Clin 40(4):481-487, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2022.06.002
