Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Evaluation

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• Prenatal Genetic Counseling
  • Risk Factors for Genetic Disorders or Congenital Anomalies
  • Risk factors for congenital disorders references

• Preconception or Prenatal Carrier Testing of Parents
  • General references
  • Prenatal Testing to Detect Fetal Genetic Abnormalities
    • Testing references

• Noninvasive Prenatal Fetal Screening Tests
  • Screening in multiple gestations
  • First-Trimester Screening
    • Cell-free fetal nucleic acid testing
    • First-trimester screening references
  • Second-Trimester Screening
    • Maternal serum screening for chromosomal abnormalities
    • Maternal serum screening for neural tube defects
    • Second-trimester screening references
  • Sequential First- and Second-Trimester Screening
    • Sequential first- and second trimester screening references
  • Prenatal Ultrasonography

• Procedures for Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
  • Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
  • Chorionic Villus Sampling
  • Amniocentesis
  • Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling
  • References