Feature | Definition |
---|---|
Tumor | |
pTX | Not assessable |
pT0 | No evidence of primary tumor (eg, scar in testis) |
pTis | Intratubular germ cell tumors (carcinoma in situ) |
pT1 | Limited to testis and epididymis without vascular or lymphatic invasion May invade tunica albuginea but not tunica vaginalis |
pT1a | Seminoma < 3 cm |
pT1b | Seminoma ≥ 3 cm |
pT2 | Limited to testis and epididymis with vascular or lymphatic invasion, or extends through tunica albuginea and involves tunica vaginalis |
pT3 | Invades spermatic cord with or without vascular or lymphatic invasion |
pT4 | Invades scrotum with or without vascular or lymphatic invasion |
Regional lymph node metastasis | |
NX | Not assessable |
N0 | None |
N1 | ≥ 1 node, all ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension |
N2 | ≥ 1 node > 2 cm but ≤ 5 cm in greatest dimension, with or without other nodes ≤ 5 cm in greatest dimension |
N3 | ≥ 1 node > 5 cm in greatest dimension |
Distant metastasis | |
M0 | None |
M1 | Present |
M1a | Nonretroperitoneal nodal or lung metastasis |
M1b | Distant metastasis other than nonregional lymph nodes or lung |
Serum markers | |
SX | Markers not available or not measured |
S0 | Levels within normal limits |
S1 | LDH < 1.5 × the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay and hCG < 5000 mIU/mL and AFP < 1000 ng/mL |
S2 | LDH = 1.5–10 × upper limit of normal for the LDH assay or hCG 5000–50,000 mIU/mL or AFP 1000–10,000 ng/mL |
S3 | LDH > 10 × upper limit of normal for the LDH assay or hCG > 50,000 mIU/mL or AFP >10,000 ng/mL |
*Data adapted from American Cancer Society, Testicular Cancer Stages. Accessed 11/24/21. | |
AFP = alpha fetoprotein; hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; M = distant metastases; N = regional lymph nodes (assessed clinically); p = pathologic staging; S = serum tumor markers; T = main tumor. |