Hormonal methods (with estrogen and/or a progestin)

Oral contraceptives

0.3%

9%

Skin patch

0.3%

9%

Vaginal ring

0.3%

9%

(a progestin)

0.2%

6%

Contraceptive implant inserted under the skin

0.05%

Same as perfect use

(IUD)

0.2–0.6%, depending on the type used

Same as perfect use

Barrier contraceptives

Condom

2% with external (male) condoms

5% with internal (female) condoms

18% with external (male) condoms

21% with internal (female) condoms

Diaphragm with spermicide

6%

12%

Cervical cap with spermicide

10–13%

8% (higher among women who have had children)

Contraceptive gel

7%

14%

Contraceptive sponge (which releases spermicide continuously)

9% for women who have not had children

20% for women who have had children

12% for women who have not had children

24% for women who have had children

Spermicide alone

18%

28%

Other methods

Copper IUD

0.6%

Same as perfect use

Fertility awareness (rhythm) methods

4% or higher, depending on the method

24%

Withdrawal method (coitus interruptus)

4%

22%