Cause |
Examples |
Platelet disorders |
|
Decreased number of platelets |
Cirrhosis if the spleen is enlarged DIC if it progresses rapidly Drugs that can trigger destruction of platelets (including heparin, quinidine, quinine, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, or rifampin) |
Increased number of platelets (which often causes excessive clotting but sometimes causes excessive bleeding) |
|
Inadequate platelet function |
Drugs that can cause platelets to malfunction (including aspirin or other NSAIDs) |
Clotting disorders |
|
Acquired |
Anticoagulants (drugs that inhibit clotting) including heparin, warfarin, or DOACs (including dabigatran, apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban) DIC if it progresses slowly |
Hereditary |
|
Blood vessel disorders |
|
Acquired |
|
Hereditary |
Connective tissue disorders (such as Marfan syndrome) |
DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation; DOAC = direct oral anticoagulant; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; vWF = von Willebrand factor. |