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Respiratory infections
Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Staphylococcus or Pseudomonas
Mycobacterial infections, such as tuberculosis
Viral infections caused by influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, or adenoviruses
Bronchial blockage
Inhaled object
Enlarged lymph nodes
Lung tumor
Lung surgery
Mucus plugs (for example, due to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
Inhalation injuries
Injury from noxious fumes, gases, or particles
Inhalation of stomach acid and food particles (for example, as a result of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease or a swallowing disorder)
Hereditary disorders
Cystic fibrosis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia, including Kartagener syndrome
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Marfan syndrome
Immunologic abnormalities
Immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes
White blood cell dysfunction
Complement deficiencies
Certain autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, and ulcerative colitis
Other conditions
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Diffuse panbronchiolitis (characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles throughout the lungs and chronic sinusitis)
