Common Specific Antidotes
Toxin |
Antidote |
|
N-Acetylcysteine |
|
|
Anticholinergic drugs |
Physostigmine* |
|
Antifreeze (ethylene glycol type) |
Fomepizole Ethanol |
|
Apixaban |
Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated |
|
Benzodiazepines (such as diazepam and lorazepam) |
Flumazenil* |
|
Lactrodectus antivenom |
|
|
Botulism |
Botulinum antitoxin |
|
Cyanide |
Hydroxocobalamin Cyanide antidote kit (includes amyl nitrate, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate) |
|
Dabigatran |
Idarucizumab |
|
Digitalis, including drugs (digoxin) and plants (oleander, foxglove) |
Digoxin-specific antibodies |
|
Edoxaban |
Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated |
|
Heavy metals (such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc) |
Drugs that remove heavy metals from the body (chelating drugs), such as dimercaprol, edetate calcium disodium, penicillamine, and succimer |
|
Heparin |
Protamine |
|
Iron |
Deferoxamine |
|
Insecticides (many brands—ingredients should be checked) |
Atropine Pralidoxime |
|
Methanol (wood alcohol) |
Fomepizole Ethanol |
|
Opioids (such as morphine and heroin) |
Naloxone |
|
Rivaroxaban |
Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated |
|
Scorpion sting (only the Centruroides species) |
Centruroides immune fractionated antibodies |
|
Snakebites*† (rattlesnakes and copperheads in the United States) |
Rattlesnake (Crotalinae) antivenom |
|
Warfarin |
Vitamin K Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) |
|
* Use is controversial. |
|
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† Antivenom is specific to the species of snake. There are many antivenoms, but rattlesnakes and copperheads cause most poisonous snakebites in the United States. |
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‡ The antidotes cited are for carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. |
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