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| Usually in women and girls A frequent and urgent need to urinate Getting up at night to urinate Sometimes blood in the urine or foul-smelling urine | |
| Tenderness and swelling in a testis Possibly frequent urination or a discharge from the urethra Sometimes fever or nausea | |
| A tender prostate detected during a digital rectal examination Often fever, difficulty starting urination, frequent urination, the need to urinate during the night, and burning or pain during urination Sometimes blood in the urine Often symptoms of a long-standing blockage in the urinary tract (including a weak urine stream, difficulty passing urine, or dribbling at the end of urination) | Urinalysis and urine culture |
| Usually a visible discharge from the urethra in men Sometimes a discharge from the vagina in women In people who have recently had unprotected intercourse | |
| A discharge from the vagina Often redness in the genital area | A doctor's examination, including examination of a sample of the discharge under a microscope |
| Often a cervical discharge History of unprotected intercourse | |
Disorders that cause inflammation |
| General or bodywide symptoms (including body pain and joint pain) that develop before urination becomes painful Sometimes sores on the skin, mouth, eyes, or genital area, including inside the vagina | Sometimes blood tests to check for these connective tissue disorders |
Contact with a substance that irritates the area or causes an allergic reaction (such as a spermicide, lubricant, or latex condom) | Sometimes redness in the genital area In people who have been exposed to a substance that could cause irritation or an allergic reaction | Only a doctor's examination |
| A frequent and urgent need to urinate | Urinalysis and urine culture |
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Atrophic vaginitis or urethritis (thinning of tissues in the vagina or urethra) | Often pain during intercourse A discharge from the vagina Changes in the interior of the vagina (it becomes smooth and pale) | Only a doctor's examination |
| Long-standing symptoms, such as a weak urine stream or difficulty starting urination | If prostate cancer is suspected, a blood test to measure PSA levels |