Merck Manual
Please confirm that you are a health care professional
Yes
No
honeypot link
Merck
Manual
Professional Version
The trusted provider of medical information since 1899
VIEW CONSUMER VERSION
A
A
A
ENGLISH
ESPAÑOL (SPANISH)
УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ (UKRAINIAN)
Other Languages
VIEW CONSUMER VERSION
Search
Search
A-Z
HOME
MEDICAL TOPICS
Common Health Topics
Cardiovascular Disorders
Clinical Pharmacology
Critical Care Medicine
Dental Disorders
Dermatologic Disorders
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Eye Disorders
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Genitourinary Disorders
Geriatrics
Gynecology and Obstetrics
Hematology and Oncology
Hepatic and Biliary Disorders
Immunology; Allergic Disorders
Infectious Diseases
Injuries; Poisoning
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Neurologic Disorders
Nutritional Disorders
Pediatrics
Psychiatric Disorders
Pulmonary Disorders
Special Subjects
Resources
Videos
Figures
Images
Quizzes
Symptoms
View All Resources
RESOURCES
3D Models
Abbreviations
Audio
Case Studies
Clinical Calculators
Conversion Tables
Figures
Images
Lab Values
Podcasts
Quizzes
Symptoms
Tables
Videos
DRUG INFO
Drugs by Name, Generic and Brand
Drug Interactions
Pill Identifier
Commonly Searched Drugs
NEWS
1999 to 2019 Saw Decrease in Cancer Mortality for Blacks in the U.S.
Candidate Biomarkers Identified for Psoriasis Progression
CDC Advisers Recommend Pfizer Booster Shot for Children 5 to 11
CDC: 64.1 Percent of Violent Deaths in 2019 Were Suicides
View All News >
PROCEDURES
View All Procedures >
QUIZZES & CASES
Quizzes
More Quizzes
Cases
More Case Studies
ABOUT
Overview
History
Editors and the Editorial Process
Publishing and Production Staff
Editorial Board
Contributors
Reviewers
Content Providers
Global Medical Knowledge
FAQ
Contact Us
Medical Topics & Chapters
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Professional
/
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
/
...
/
Joint Disorders
/
Joint Disorders
Expand all
Collapse all
Neurogenic Arthropathy
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Classification
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Physical measures
Drugs
Other adjunctive and experimental therapies
Treatment references
Key Points
More Information
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Extra-articular manifestations
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Lifestyle measures
Physical measures
Surgery
Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Corticosteroids
Immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and immunosuppressive drugs
Biologic agents
Treatment reference
Key Points
More Information
Overview of Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
More Information
Psoriatic Arthritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
More Information
Reactive Arthritis
Etiology
Epidemiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points