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Cause
Examples
Drugs
Medications with anticholinergic effects
Antianxiety medications
Antidepressants
Antiemetics
Antihistamines
Antipsychotics
Antispasmodics
Recreational/illegal substances
Marijuana (cannabis)
Methamphetamines
Tobacco
Other
Antihypertensive medications
Antiparkinsonian medications
Bronchodilators
Chemotherapy agents
Decongestants
Diuretics
Meperidine, methadone, and other opioids
Systemic disorders
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Amyloidosis Amyloidosis Amyloidosis is a rare disease in which abnormally folded proteins form into collections called amyloid fibrils that accumulate in various tissues and organs, sometimes leading to organ dysfunction... read more
HIV infection Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
Leprosy Leprosy Leprosy is a chronic infection usually caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. It results in damage primarily to the peripheral nerves (the nerves... read more
Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a disease in which abnormal collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) form in many organs of the body. Sarcoidosis usually develops in people aged 20 to 40 years, most often... read more
Sjögren syndrome Sjögren Syndrome Sjögren syndrome is a common autoimmune connective tissue disorder and is characterized by excessive dryness of the eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes. White blood cells can infiltrate... read more
Tuberculosis* Tuberculosis (TB) Tuberculosis is a chronic contagious infection caused by the airborne bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually affects the lungs, but almost any organ can be involved. Tuberculosis... read more
Daytime or nighttime mouth breathing
Head and neck trauma (causing nerve injury)
Dehydration
Radiation therapy to the head and neck area
Viral infections