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Alcohol or drug abuse
Chronic or short-term congestion of the nose and sinuses
Diabetes, type 1 or type 2, that is treated with insulin (usually)
Drugs that can cause drowsiness
Fainting spells
Gastroesophageal reflux Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) if severe
Habitual air swallowing
Heart disorders, such as coronary artery disease Overview of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) , heart failure Heart Failure (HF) , irregular heart rhythms Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms , valve disorders Overview of Heart Valve Disorders , and congenital heart defects that allow blood to leak from the venous to the arterial system such as atrial septal defects Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defects
Inguinal hernia Inguinal Hernia that has not been repaired
Impulsive behavior or being prone to accidents
Lung problems*, such as asthma, lung cysts, COPD, or previous pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
Obesity†
Older age†
Panic disorder
Physical disabilities
Poor cardiovascular fitness
Pregnancy
Ruptured eardrum
Seizures Seizure Disorders
* Possible higher risk of pulmonary (lung) barotrauma.
† Possible higher risk of decompression sickness.