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Some Causes of Mediastinal Masses in Children

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Location	Cause
Anterior (prevascular)	Ectopic thyroid Lymphoma Sarcoma Teratoma Thymic lesions
Middle (visceral)	Bronchogenic cyst Cardiac tumor Cystic hygroma Lymphadenopathy (due to infection, malignancy, or inflammation) Lymphoma Pericardial cyst Vascular abnormalities
Posterior (paravertebral)	Esophageal duplication Meningomyelocele Neuroenteric abnormalities Neurogenic tumors
Data from Biko DM, Lichtenberger JP 3rd, Rapp JB, Khwaja A, Huppmann AR, Chung EM. Mediastinal Masses in Children: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation [published correction appears in Radiographics 2021 Sep-Oct;41(5):E164. doi: 10.1148/rg.2021219008]. Radiographic 2021;41(4):1186-1207. doi:10.1148/rg.2021200180 and Gerber TS, Porubsky S. Benign lesions of the mediastinum. Histopathology 2024;84(1):183-195. doi:10.1111/his.15088