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Viral Hepatitis

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Principal Syndromes	Prevalence and Distribution	Specific Therapy	Specific Prevention*
Hepatitis A (acute)	Global, often epidemic	None	Immune globulin, vaccine
Hepatitis B (acute and chronic)	Global	Interferon, other antivirals, including nucleoside analogs (eg, entecavir) and nucleotide analogs (eg, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)Interferon, other antivirals, including nucleoside analogs (eg, entecavir) and nucleotide analogs (eg, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)	Screening for hepatitis B surface antigen Vaccine, hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)Vaccine, hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
Hepatitis C (acute and chronic)	Global	Interferon, ribavirin, direct-acting antivirals (eg, protease inhibitors, nucleotide analog inhibitors, nonstructural protein 5A [NS5A] inhibitors)Interferon, ribavirin, direct-acting antivirals (eg, protease inhibitors, nucleotide analog inhibitors, nonstructural protein 5A [NS5A] inhibitors)	Screening for hepatitis C
Hepatitis D (delta)	Endemic pockets in several countries People who inject illicit drugs at relatively high risk Can infect only in the presence of hepatitis B	Interferon	None
Hepatitis E	Outbreaks Genotypes 1 and 2: Developing countries Genotypes 3 and 4: Europe; transmitted by eating undercooked pork products Severe during pregnancy	None	Vaccine (not available in United States)
* Nonspecific precautions (eg, avoidance of body fluids of infected patients, aseptic precautions, routine hygiene measures, and use of appropriate personal protective equipment) are also recommended.