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  • Abdominal Pain, Acute
  • Abdominal pain, Chronic
  • Alopecia
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  • Breast Lumps
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  • Constipation in Adults
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  • Cough in Adults
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  • Diplopia
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  • Dysuria
  • Earache
  • Ear Discharge
  • Edema
  • Edema During Late Pregnancy
  • Epistaxis
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Eyelid Swelling
  • Eye Pain
  • Fever
  • Fever, Acute, in Adults
  • Fever, Chronic (FUO)
  • Fever in Infants and Children
  • Floaters
  • Gas
  • Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • Halitosis
  • Headache
  • Hearing Loss
  • Hearing Loss: Sudden Deafness
  • Hematospermia
  • Hematuria
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  • Hiccups
  • Hirsutism
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  • Itching
  • Itching, Anal
  • Jaundice in Adults
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  • Joint Pain, Monarticular
  • Joint Pain, Polyarticular
  • Knee pain
  • Lump in Throat
  • Nasal Congestion and Rhinorrhea
  • Nausea and Vomiting During Early pPregnancy
  • Nausea and Vomiting in Adults
  • Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children
  • Neck and Back Pain
  • Neck Mass
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  • Pain, Chronic
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  • Vision Loss, Acute
  • Weakness, Generalized
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Sections in Health Care Professionals
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  • Genitourinary Disorders
  • Geriatrics
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  • Eye Disorders
 
Eye Disorders
Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient
Ophthalmic Anatomy
expand / collapseEvaluation of the Ophthalmologic Patient
History
expand / collapse Physical Examination
Visual acuity
Eyelid and conjunctival examination
Corneal examination
Pupil examination
Extraocular muscles
Ophthalmoscopy
Slit-lamp examination
Visual field testing
Color vision testing
expand / collapseTesting
Tonometry
Angiography
Optical coherence tomography
Electroretinography
Ultrasonography
CT and MRI
Electronystagmography
Symptoms of Ophthalmologic Disorders
expand / collapse Acute Vision Loss
Pathophysiology
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Anisocoria
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Blurred Vision
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
expand / collapse Diplopia
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Eyelid Swelling
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Eye Pain
Pathophysiology
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapseProptosis
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
Red flags
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Floaters
Pathophysiology
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Red Eye
Pathophysiology
Etiology
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Tearing
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseEtiology
Increased tear production
Decreased nasolacrimal drainage
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
expand / collapseOther Eye Symptoms
Eye discharge
Halos
Blue hues
Scotomata
Refractive Error
expand / collapseOverview of Refractive Error
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Contact Lenses
expand / collapseCare and Complications
Corneal ulcer
Rigid Corneal Contact Lenses
Soft Hydrophilic Contact Lenses
expand / collapse Refractive Surgery
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)
Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
Intracorneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
Phakic Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
Clear Lensectomy
Radial and Astigmatic Keratotomy
Eyelid and Lacrimal Disorders
expand / collapse Blepharitis
expand / collapseEtiology
Acute
Chronic
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Acute
Chronic
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Acute
Chronic
Key Points
Blepharospasm
Canaliculitis
expand / collapse Chalazion and Hordeolum (Stye)
Chalazion
Hordeolum
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Chalazion
Hordeolum
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Chalazion
Hordeolum
Key Points
Dacryocystitis
expand / collapse Dacryostenosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Entropion and Ectropion
Entropion
Ectropion
Trichiasis
expand / collapse Eyelid Growths
Xanthelasma
Basal cell carcinoma
Other malignant growths
Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders
expand / collapseOverview of Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders
Select eye findings in conjunctival disorders
expand / collapse Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Overview of Conjunctivitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Viral Conjunctivitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Allergic Conjunctivitis
Etiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
General
Seasonal and perennial conjunctivitis
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Trachoma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Pinguecula and Pterygium
Subconjunctival Hemorrhages
Episcleritis
expand / collapse Scleritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
Corneal Disorders
Introduction to Corneal Disorders
Bullous Keratopathy
expand / collapse Corneal Ulcer
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Herpes Simplex Keratitis
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Primary infection
Recurrent infection
Stromal involvement
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Complications
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Interstitial Keratitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Cogan Syndrome
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Ocular
Vestibuloauditory
Vascular
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Keratoconus
Keratomalacia
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis
Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis
expand / collapse Superficial Punctate Keratitis
Ultraviolet keratitis
expand / collapse Corneal Transplantation
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Prognosis
Corneal Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation
Glaucoma
expand / collapseOverview of Glaucoma
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Screening
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Etiology
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Elevated-pressure glaucoma
Normal- or low-pressure glaucoma
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Optic nerve appearance
Visual field defects
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Drug therapy
Surgery
Key Points
expand / collapse Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Etiology
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Primary angle-closure glaucoma
Secondary angle-closure glaucomas
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma
Diagnosis
expand / collapse Treatment
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma
Key Points
Cataract
expand / collapseCataract
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Uveitis and Related Disorders
expand / collapseOverview of Uveitis
Etiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Complications
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Uveitis Caused by Connective Tissue Disease
Spondyloarthropathies
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, previously known as juvenile RA)
Sarcoidosis
Behçet syndrome
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease
Endophthalmitis
expand / collapse Infectious Uveitis
Herpesvirus
Toxoplasmosis
Cytomegalovirus
Sympathetic Ophthalmia
Retinal Disorders
expand / collapse Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD or ARMD)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Dry AMD
Wet AMD
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Dry AMD
Wet AMD
Supportive measures
Key Points
expand / collapse Central and Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Central and Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Diabetic Retinopathy
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Nonproliferative retinopathy
Proliferative retinopathy
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Nonproliferative retinopathy
Proliferative retinopathy
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Screening
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
expand / collapse Hypertensive Retinopathy
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Retinal Detachment
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Retinitis Pigmentosa
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Epiretinal Membrane
expand / collapse Cancers Affecting the Retina
Choroidal melanoma
Choroidal metastases
Optic Nerve Disorders
The Optic Pathway
expand / collapse Hereditary Optic Neuropathies
Dominant optic atrophy
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Dominant optic atrophy
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
expand / collapse Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Optic Neuritis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Papilledema
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Toxic Amblyopia
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
Orbital Diseases
Introduction to Orbital Diseases
expand / collapse Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Inflammatory Orbital Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Preseptal cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis
Key Points
expand / collapse Tumors of the Orbit
Children
Adults
Audio
Figures
Photographs
Sidebars
Tables
Videos

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