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  • Injuries; Poisoning
 
Injuries; Poisoning
Approach to the Trauma Patient
expand / collapseApproach to the Trauma Patient
Etiology
Pathophysiology
expand / collapse Evaluation and Treatment
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure/environmental control
Secondary survey
Testing
Lacerations
expand / collapseLacerations
Physiology
Evaluation
expand / collapseTreatment
Cleansing
Local anesthesia
Exploration
Debridement
Closure
Materials and methods
Suture technique
Aftercare
Abrasions
Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains
expand / collapseOverview of Musculoskeletal Injuries
expand / collapseEvaluation
History
Physical examination
Imaging
expand / collapseTreatment
RICE
Immobilization
expand / collapse Fractures
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
expand / collapseSpecific Fractures
Stress fractures
Growth plate fractures
Rib fractures
Clavicle fractures
Proximal humeral fractures
Distal humeral fractures
Radial head fractures
Distal radial fractures
Metacarpal neck fractures (except thumb)
Scaphoid (navicular) fractures
Fingertip (tuft of the distal phalanx) fractures
Pelvic fractures
Hip fractures
Femoral shaft fractures
Ankle fractures
Fractures of the 2nd metatarsal bone base with dislocation (Lisfranc's fracture-dislocation)
Fractures of the 5th metatarsal bone base (dancer's fracture)
Fractures of the 5th metatarsal bone diaphysis (Jones fracture)
Toe fractures
expand / collapse Compartment Syndrome
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Dislocations
expand / collapseSpecific Dislocations
Glenohumeral (shoulder) dislocations
Elbow dislocations
Radial head subluxations (nursemaid's elbow)
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocations
Hip dislocations
Knee (tibiofemoral) dislocations
Lateral patellar dislocations
expand / collapse Sprains, Strains, and Tendon Tears
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapseSpecific Sprains and Tendon Tears
Acromioclavicular joint sprains (separation)
Ulnar collateral ligament sprains (gamekeeper's thumb)
Quadriceps tendon injuries
Ankle sprains
Achilles tendon tears
expand / collapse Knee Sprains and Meniscal Injuries
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
expand / collapseTraumatic Brain Injury
expand / collapsePathology
Concussion
Brain contusions
Diffuse axonal injury
Hematomas
Skull fractures
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Long-term symptoms
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Initial measures
Complete clinical evaluation
Neuroimaging
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Mild injury
Moderate and severe injury
Increased intracranial pressure
Seizures
Skull fractures
Surgery
Rehabilitation
Spinal Trauma
expand / collapseSpinal Trauma
expand / collapseEtiology
Cord injury
Vertebral injury
Cauda equina injury
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Complete cord injury
Incomplete cord injury
Cauda equina lesions
Complications
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Immediate care
Long-term care
Key Points
expand / collapse Spinal Cord Injury in Children
Diagnosis
Treatment
Facial Trauma
Introduction to Facial Trauma
expand / collapse External Ear Trauma
Subperichondral hematomas
Lacerations
Avulsions
Trauma secondary to mandibular fractures
expand / collapse Fractures of the Jaw and Contiguous Structures
expand / collapseTreatment
Tooth socket fractures
Mandible fractures
Midface fractures
expand / collapse Fractures of the Nose
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Temporal Bone Fractures
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Eye Trauma
Overview of Eye Trauma
expand / collapse Ocular Burns
Thermal burns
Chemical burns
expand / collapse Corneal Abrasions and Foreign Bodies
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Abrasions
Intraocular foreign bodies
Key Points
expand / collapse Eye Contusions and Lacerations
Eyelids
Globe
Hyphema (anterior chamber hemorrhage)
Blowout fracture
Key Points
Posttraumatic Iridocyclitis
Abdominal Trauma
expand / collapse Overview of Abdominal Trauma
expand / collapseEtiology
Classification
Associated injuries
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Complications
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Inspection
Palpation
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Penetrating trauma
Complications
expand / collapseTreatment
Observation
Laparotomy
Angiographic embolization
expand / collapse Hepatic Injury
expand / collapseEtiology
Classification
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Splenic Injury
expand / collapseEtiology
Classification
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Genitourinary Tract Trauma
Introduction to Genitourinary Tract Trauma
expand / collapse Bladder Trauma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Genital Trauma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Renal Trauma
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Ureteral Trauma
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Urethral Trauma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Burns
expand / collapseBurns
Etiology
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Burn depth
expand / collapseComplications
Systemic
Local
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Initial treatment
Intravenous fluids
Initial wound care
Supportive measures
Hospitalization and referral
Infection
Surgery
Physical and occupational therapy
Outpatient treatment
Key Points
Electrical and Lightning Injuries
expand / collapse Electrical Injuries
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Kouwenhoven's factors
Electrical field strength
Pathology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Prehospital care
Resuscitation
Other measures
Prevention
expand / collapse Lightning Injuries
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Radiation Exposure and Contamination
expand / collapseRadiation Exposure and Contamination
Types of radiation
Measurement of radiation
Types of exposure
Sources of exposure
expand / collapse Pathophysiology
Factors affecting response
Cancer and teratogenicity
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Acute radiation syndromes (ARS)
Focal injury
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Contamination
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Preparation
External decontamination
Internal decontamination
Specific management
expand / collapse Prevention
Public response
Preventive drugs
Heat Illness
expand / collapseOverview of Heat Illness
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Prevention
expand / collapse Heat Cramps
Treatment
expand / collapse Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Heatstroke
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Cooling techniques
Other measures
expand / collapse Malignant Hyperthermia
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Susceptibility testing
Treatment
Prevention
expand / collapse Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Serotonin Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cold Injury
expand / collapseOverview of Cold Injury
Prevention
expand / collapseNonfreezing Tissue Injuries
Frostnip
Immersion (trench) foot
Chilblains (pernio)
expand / collapse Frostbite
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Prehospital care
Acute care
Ongoing care
Key Points
expand / collapse Hypothermia
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Active rewarming
CPR
Key Points
Altitude Diseases
expand / collapseAltitude Diseases
Risk factors
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Acclimatization
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Acute mountain sickness (AMS)
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)
Other manifestations
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
AMS
HAPE and HACE
expand / collapsePrevention
Ascent
Drugs
Key Points
Motion Sickness
expand / collapse Motion Sickness
expand / collapseEtiology
Risk factors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Scopolamine
Antihistamines
Antidopaminergic drugs
Nondrug measures
Alternative therapies
Drowning
expand / collapse Drowning
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Fluid aspiration
Associated injuries
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Resuscitation
Hospital care
Discharge
Prevention
Key Points
Injury During Diving or Work in Compressed Air
Overview of Diving Injuries
expand / collapse Barotrauma
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Pulmonary Barotrauma
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Gastrointestinal Barotrauma
expand / collapse Ear and Sinus Barotrauma
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Other Types of Barotrauma
expand / collapse Arterial Gas Embolism
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Immersion Pulmonary Edema
expand / collapse Decompression Sickness
Risk factors
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
expand / collapse Gas Toxicity During Diving
Oxygen toxicity
Nitrogen narcosis
Carbon dioxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning
High-pressure neurologic syndrome
expand / collapse Recompression Therapy
Recompression protocols
Complications and contraindications
Key Points
expand / collapseDiving Precautions and Prevention of Diving Injuries
Diving safety
Contraindications to diving
Sports Injury
expand / collapse Screening for Sports Participation
Cardiovascular screening
Other screening measures
Contraindications
expand / collapse Approach to Sports Injuries
Overuse
Blunt trauma
Sprains and strains
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
RICE
Pain control
Activity
Prevention
expand / collapse Rotator Cuff Injury
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Glenoid Labral Tear
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Lateral Epicondylitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Medial Epicondylitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Piriformis Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Knee Pain
Etiology
Evaluation
Treatment
expand / collapse Shin Splints
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Achilles Tendinitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Stress Fractures
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Popliteus Tendinitis
expand / collapse Hamstring Strain
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bites and Stings
Introduction to Bites and Stings
Centipede and Millipede Bites
expand / collapse Human and Mammal Bites
Infection
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Wound care
Antimicrobials
Key Points
expand / collapse Insect Stings
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Puss Moth Caterpillar (Asp) Stings
expand / collapse Marine Bites and Stings
expand / collapse Cnidaria (Coelenterates, such as jellyfish and sea anemones)
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseTreatment
Seabather's eruption
expand / collapse Stingrays
Symptoms and Signs
Treatment
expand / collapse Mollusks
Conus californicus
Cone snails
Octopi
Squid
Sea Urchins
expand / collapse Mite Bites
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Scorpion Stings
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Snakebites
expand / collapsePathophysiology
Pit vipers
Coral snakes
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Pit vipers
Coral snakes
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Snake identification
Severity of envenomation
expand / collapseTreatment
General approach
Antivenom
Adjunctive measures
Key Points
expand / collapse Other Reptile Bites
Venomous lizards
Alligators and crocodiles
Iguanas
expand / collapse Spider Bites
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Tick Bites
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
Lyme disease prophylaxis
Tick Paralysis
Other Arthropod Bites
Poisoning
expand / collapseGeneral Principles of Poisoning
Symptoms and Signs
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Testing
expand / collapseTreatment
Initial stabilization
Topical decontamination
Activated charcoal
Gastric emptying
Whole-bowel irrigation
Alkaline diuresis
Dialysis
Specific antidotes
Ongoing supportive measures
Hospital admission
Prevention
Key Points
expand / collapse Acetaminophen Poisoning
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseAcute Acetaminophen Poisoning
IV acetaminophen
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapseChronic Acetaminophen Poisoning
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Aspirin and Other Salicylate Poisoning
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
expand / collapse Caustic Ingestion
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Mushroom Poisoning
Early GI symptoms
Early neurologic symptoms
Early muscarinic symptoms
Delayed GI symptoms
expand / collapsePlant Poisoning
Castor beans and jequirity beans
Oleander and foxglove
Hemlock
expand / collapse Fish and Shellfish Poisoning
Ciguatera poisoning
Scombroid poisoning
Tetrodotoxin poisoning
Shellfish poisoning
expand / collapse Hydrocarbon Poisoning
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
expand / collapse Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning
Pathophysiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
Acute
Delayed
Diagnosis
expand / collapseTreatment
In-hospital treatment
Out-of-hospital exposure
Key Points
expand / collapse Iron Poisoning
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
expand / collapse Lead Poisoning
Etiology
expand / collapseSymptoms and Signs
In children
In adults
In children and adults
expand / collapseDiagnosis
Provocative testing
expand / collapseTreatment
Regimens
Drugs
Lower lead levels
Prevention
Key Points
Specific Poisons
Audio
Figures
Photographs
Sidebars
Tables
Videos

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