Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures

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• Overview of Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures

• Electrocardiography
  • Standard ECG Components
    • P wave
    • PR interval
    • QRS complex
    • QT interval
    • ST segment
    • T wave
    • U wave
  • Specialized ECG Tests
    • Additional precordial leads
    • Esophageal lead
    • Signal averaging
    • QT dispersion
    • Heart rate variability
    • Holter monitor
    • Event recorder
    • Other event monitoring devices
    • Smartwatches, wearable fitness and health technology, and other consumer devices with ECG capability
    • References
  • More Information

• Echocardiography
  • Techniques
  • Methodology
  • Stress echocardiography
  • References

• Cardiac Imaging Tests
  • Chest Radiography in Cardiac Diagnosis
  • Computed Tomography (CT) in Cardiac Diagnosis
    • CT in cardiac diagnosis references
  • Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Radionuclide Imaging
  • Radionuclide imaging reference

• Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging
  • Modes of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging
    • Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
    • Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
  • Functional Applications of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging
    • Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
    • Infarct Avid, Cardiac Infiltration, and Other Myocardial Imaging
    • Radionuclide Ventriculography

• Cardiac Stress Testing
  • General reference
  • Stress Test Methodology
    • Exercise stress testing
    • Pharmacologic stress testing
    • Stress test methodology references
  • Stress Test Diagnostic Imaging Methodology
    • Electrocardiography (ECG)
    • Echocardiography
    • Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging
    • Cardiac MR
    • Stress test diagnostic imaging methodology references

• Tilt Table Testing
  • General reference
  • Procedure
    • Contraindications
  • Interpretation
    • Interpretation references

• Cardiac Catheterization
  • Procedure
    • Left heart catheterization
    • Right heart catheterization
    • Procedure references
  • Specific Tests During Cardiac Catheterization
    • Angiography
    • Coronary artery flow measurements
    • Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)
    • Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
    • Tests for cardiac shunts
    • Measurement of cardiac output and flow
    • Endomyocardial biopsy
    • Pulmonary vasodilator testing
    • Tests during cardiac catheterization references
  • Contraindications to Cardiac Catheterization
  • Complications of Cardiac Catheterization
    • Contrast agent complications
    • Catheter-related complications
    • Access site complications
    • Complications references
  • More Information

• Electrophysiologic Studies (EPS)
  • Reference