Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents

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• Overview of Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
  • Types of Diabetes
    • Types of diabetes references
  • Epidemiology
    • Epidemiology references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnostic criteria for diabetes
    • Initial evaluation
    • Evaluation for diabetes type
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
    • Diabetes education
    • Nutrition and exercise
    • Pharmacotherapy
    • Methods for monitoring glycemic control
    • Monogenic diabetes management
    • Treatment references
  • Key Points

• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
  • General references
  • Etiology
    • Etiology references
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
    • Symptoms and signs references
  • Diagnosis
  • Measurement of abnormal glucose
  • Determination of diabetes type
  • Testing for stage
  • Testing for autoimmune diseases
  • Screening for complications
  • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
    • Insulin regimens
    • Diet
    • Glycemic control and HbA1C target levels
    • Treatment references
  • Modifying disease progression in type 1 diabetes
    • Modifying disease progression references
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
  • General references
  • Etiology
    • Etiology references
  • Pathophysiology
    • Pathophysiology references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Screening for type 2 diabetes
    • Screening for comorbidities and complications
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
    • Diet and exercise
    • Pharmacologic treatment
    • Glycemic control and HbA1C target levels
    • Treatment references
  • Key Points

• Complications of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents
  • Acute Complications of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents
    • Hypoglycemia in children and adolescents
    • Ketones and sick-day management
    • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
    • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
    • Acute complications references
  • Long-Term Complications
    • Vascular complications
    • Mental health issues
    • Other complications
    • Long-term complications references

• Monogenic Forms of Diabetes
  • Etiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
    • Symptoms and signs reference
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment