Overview of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Neonates and Infants

Several gastrointestinal disorders can affect both neonates and infants, including

Neonates are also susceptible to other conditions that may become surgical emergencies Miscellaneous Surgical Emergencies in Neonates Inguinal hernias develop most often in male neonates, particularly if they are preterm (in which case the incidence is about 10%). The right side is affected most commonly, and about 10% of... read more such as inguinal hernia Inguinal Hernia in Neonates Inguinal hernias develop most often in male neonates, particularly if they are preterm (in which case the incidence is about 10%). The right side is affected most commonly, and about 10% of... read more , gastric perforation Gastric Perforation in Neonates Inguinal hernias develop most often in male neonates, particularly if they are preterm (in which case the incidence is about 10%). The right side is affected most commonly, and about 10% of... read more , ileal perforation Ileal Perforation in Neonates Inguinal hernias develop most often in male neonates, particularly if they are preterm (in which case the incidence is about 10%). The right side is affected most commonly, and about 10% of... read more , and mesenteric arterial occlusion Mesenteric Arterial Occlusion in Neonates Inguinal hernias develop most often in male neonates, particularly if they are preterm (in which case the incidence is about 10%). The right side is affected most commonly, and about 10% of... read more .

Infectious gastroenteritis Overview of Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small and large intestines. Most cases are infectious, although gastroenteritis may occur after ingestion of drugs, medications... read more is the most common pediatric gastrointestinal disorder. About 3 to 5 billion episodes occur worldwide each year, most commonly in medically underserved countries and predominately among children < 5 years of age. In 2016, diarrhea was the eighth leading cause of death, causing > 1.6 million. More than 27% of these deaths occurred among children < 5 years of age (1 General references Several gastrointestinal disorders can affect both neonates and infants, including Gastroesophageal reflux Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Intussusception Meconium ileus read more ).

In the United States, more than 350 million cases of infectious gastroenteritis occur annually, leading to 100 to 300 deaths.

Approximately 2% of children in developed countries will require hospitalization at some time because of acute gastroenteritis and dehydration. In the United States, acute gastroenteritis accounts for an estimated 200,000 hospitalizations and 1.5 million outpatient visits at a cost in excess of 2 billion dollars. The incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis, which was the most common viral cause, has decreased by 58 to 90% because of routine administration of the rotavirus vaccines Rotavirus Vaccine The rotavirus vaccine is recommended for infants to protect against gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus disease. For more information, see Rotavirus Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices... read more . Norovirus is now the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in the United States (2 General references Several gastrointestinal disorders can affect both neonates and infants, including Gastroesophageal reflux Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Intussusception Meconium ileus read more ).

(See also Dehydration and Fluid Therapy in Children Dehydration in Children Dehydration is significant depletion of body water and, to varying degrees, electrolytes. Symptoms and signs include thirst, lethargy, dry mucosa, decreased urine output, and, as the degree... read more .)