In adenomyosis, the ectopic endometrial tissue tends to induce diffuse uterine enlargement (globular uterine enlargement). The uterus may double or triple in size but typically does not exceed the size of a uterus at 12 weeks gestation.
True prevalence is unknown, partly because making the diagnosis is difficult. However, adenomyosis is most often detected incidentally in women who are being evaluated for endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic pain. Higher parity increases risk.
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
The most effective treatment for uterine adenomyosis is hysterectomy.
Hormonal treatments similar to those used to treat endometriosis may be tried. Treatment with oral contraceptives can be tried but is usually unsuccessful. A levonorgestrel-releasing IUD may help control dysmenorrhea and bleeding.
Key Points
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In uterine adenomyosis, the uterus may double or triple in size.
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It commonly causes heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and anemia and may cause chronic pelvic pain; symptoms may resolve after menopause.
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Diagnose by transvaginal ultrasonography and/or MRI; however, definitive diagnosis requires histology after hysterectomy.
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The most effective treatment is hysterectomy, but hormonal treatments (eg, oral contraceptives) can be tried.
