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MSD Manual
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MEDICAL TOPICS
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Professional
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Nutritional Disorders
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Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, and Toxicity
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Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, and Toxicity
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Overview of Vitamins
Reference
Biotin and Pantothenic Acid
Folate Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Niacin Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Niacin Toxicity
Riboflavin Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Thiamin Deficiency
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Vitamin A Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment
Key Points
Vitamin A Toxicity
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Key Points
Vitamin B6 Deficiency and Dependency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Vitamin B6 Toxicity
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Schilling test
Treatment
Key Points
Vitamin C Deficiency
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Vitamin C Toxicity
Vitamin D Deficiency and Dependency
Physiology
Physiology references
Etiology
Inadequate exposure or intake
Reduced absorption
Abnormal metabolism
Resistance to effects of vitamin D
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
X-rays
Laboratory tests
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Vitamin D Toxicity
Physiology
Physiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Vitamin E Deficiency
Reference
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Vitamin E Toxicity
Reference
Vitamin K Deficiency
Physiology
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Prevention reference
Key Points
Vitamin K Toxicity