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Merck Manual
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Professional
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Hepatic and Biliary Disorders
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Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease
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Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease
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Liver Structure and Function
Overview of liver structure
Overview of bilirubin metabolism
Other liver functions
Pathophysiology
Evaluation of the Patient With a Liver Disorder
History
Physical examination
Testing
The Asymptomatic Patient With Abnormal Liver Test Results
Aminotransferases
Alkaline phosphatase
Bilirubin
Acute Liver Failure
General reference
Etiology
Etiology reference
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology reference
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs references
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Treatment references
Prognosis
Prognosis references
Key Points
Ascites
Etiology
Etiology reference
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Inborn Metabolic Disorders Causing Hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert Syndrome
Gilbert syndrome references
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome and Rotor Syndrome
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Rotor syndrome
Primary Shunt Hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice
Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of hyperbilirubinemia
Consequences
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials: Jaundice
Key Points
Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Liver Disease (MASLD)
References
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs reference
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
More Information
Treatment
Treatment references
Prognosis
Prognosis references
Key Points
Portal Hypertension
Etiology
Etiology reference
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Prognosis
Prognosis references
Key Points
Portosystemic Encephalopathy
Etiology
Precipitants
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Prognosis
Key Points
Postoperative Liver Dysfunction
Postoperative jaundice
Postoperative hepatitis
Postoperative cholestasis
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)
References
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Systemic Abnormalities in Liver Disease
Circulatory Abnormalities
Endocrine Abnormalities
Hematologic Abnormalities
Renal and Electrolyte Abnormalities
Hepatorenal syndrome
Renal and electrolyte abnormalities reference
Pulmonary Abnormalities
Pulmonary abnormalities references