Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies

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• Overview of Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies

• Congenital Muscular Anomalies

• Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
  • General references
  • Etiology
    • Etiology reference
  • Symptoms and Signs
    • Symptoms and signs references
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
    • Treatment reference

• Congenital Neck and Back Anomalies
  • Congenital Torticollis
  • Congenital Vertebral Defects

• Congenital Limb Anomalies
  • Limb Amputations and Deficiencies
    • Reference
  • Polydactyly
  • Syndactyly
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

• Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
  • Screening
  • Treatment

• Femoral Torsion (Twisting)
  • Internal Femoral Torsion
  • External Femoral Torsion

• Genu Varum (Bowlegs) and Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees)
  • Genu Varum
    • Blount disease
  • Genu Valgum

• Congenital Knee Dislocation

• Tibial Torsion

• Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) and Other Congenital Foot Anomalies
  • Talipes equinovarus
  • Reference
  • Talipes calcaneovalgus
  • Metatarsus adductus
  • Metatarsus varus
  • Pes planus (flat feet)