Your middle ear is a hollow space behind your eardrum. The middle ear contains 3 tiny bones that transmit your eardrum's vibrations to the nerves in your inner ear.
Inside the Ear
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What is a chronic ear infection?
Different parts of your ear can get infected, but you're most likely to have an infection in your middle ear. "Media" means middle, and "otitis" means inflamed ear, so doctors call this infection otitis media. It's called acute otitis media Ear Infection (Acute Otitis Media) Your middle ear is a hollow space behind your eardrum. The middle ear contains 3 tiny bones that send your eardrum's vibrations to the nerves in your inner ear. Different parts of your ear can... read more 
when it happens quickly and gets better quickly. Doctors call it "chronic" when it lasts more than 3 months.
Having an acute ear infection Ear Infection (Acute Otitis Media) Your middle ear is a hollow space behind your eardrum. The middle ear contains 3 tiny bones that send your eardrum's vibrations to the nerves in your inner ear. Different parts of your ear can... read more
that doesn't go away can turn into a chronic ear infectionYour ear doesn't hurt, but you have thick fluid or pus coming out of your ear
You have hearing loss, which can be permanent
Doctors clean your ear canal and give you antibiotic eardrops
What causes chronic ear infections?
Usually a chronic ear infection starts with an acute ear infection that:
A chronic ear infection may flare up after:
You get a cold
Water gets in your middle ear through the eardrum perforation while you're bathing or swimming
Children who have birth defects of their face have an increased risk of chronic ear infections.
What are the symptoms of a chronic ear infection?
The most common symptoms are:
Thick fluid or pus coming out of your ear
Hearing loss
What are the complications of chronic ear infection?
The hole in the eardrum may let in dangerous bacteria that cause a worse infection. That infection may destroy the tiny bones in your middle ear or spread to nearby skull bones.
Some people with chronic ear infections develop a cholesteatoma in the middle ear. A cholesteatoma is a growth that looks like skin and isn't cancerous. A cholesteatoma increases your risk of having serious complications, including:
Hearing loss that doesn't get better
Infections in other parts of your ear, the bones of your skull, or your brain
Damage to the nerve that controls movements in your face
How can doctors tell if I have a chronic ear infection?
Doctors will do a hearing test and use a handheld light to check in your ear for:
Pus (thick fluid)
A cholesteatoma (skin-like growth in your middle ear)
If doctors think you have a cholesteatoma, they may do a CT scan Computed Tomography A CT scan uses a large machine shaped like a large donut to take x-rays from many angles. A computer then takes the x-rays and creates many detailed pictures of the inside of your body. Each... read more 
or MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) MRI is a test that uses a machine with a powerful magnet to make pictures of the inside of your body. A computer records changes in the magnetic field around your body. The computer then uses... read more 
.
How do doctors treat chronic ear infections?
When a chronic ear infection flares up, doctors will:
Clean your ear canal and middle ear
Give you antibiotic ear drops
Give you antibiotics to take by mouth, if needed
If you have a hole in your eardrum, they will tell you to keep water out of your ear.
Doctors may also recommend surgery if you have:
A cholesteatoma (skin-like growth in your middle ear)
