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Cardiovascular Disorders
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Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures
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Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures
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Overview of Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures
Cardiac Catheterization
Procedure
Left heart catheterization
Right heart catheterization
Specific Tests During Cardiac Catheterization
Angiography
Coronary artery flow measurements
Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS)
Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Tests for cardiac shunts
Measurement of cardiac output and flow
Endomyocardial biopsy
Contraindications to Cardiac Catheterization
Complications of Cardiac Catheterization
Contrast agent complications
Catheter-related complications
Access site complications
More Information
Cardiac Imaging Tests
Chest x-rays
CT
MRI
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Traditional CABG Procedure
Complications of coronary artery bypass grafting
Alternative CABG Procedures
Off-pump CABG
Minimally invasive CABG
Echocardiography
Techniques
Methodology
Stress echocardiography
Electrocardiography
Standard ECG Components
P wave
PR interval
QRS complex
QT interval
ST segment
T wave
U wave
Specialized ECG Tests
Additional precordial leads
Esophageal lead
Signal averaging
Continuous ST-segment monitoring
QT dispersion
Heart rate variability
Holter monitor
Event recorder
Wireless adhesive monitor
More Information
Electrophysiologic Studies (EPS)
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI)
Procedure
Stents
Types of stents
Anticoagulation and ancillary therapy
Contraindications
Complications
Thrombosis
Restenosis
Arterial dissection
Radionuclide Imaging
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Indications
Protocols and imaging agents
Infarct Avid Imaging
Radionuclide Ventriculography
Left ventriculography
Right ventriculography
Valve assessment
Shunt assessment
Stress Testing
Stress Test Methodology
Exercise stress testing
Pharmacologic stress testing
Diagnostic Stress Test Methodology
ECG
Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging
Echocardiography
Radionuclide ventriculography
Tilt Table Testing
Procedure
Contraindications
Interpretation