Testicular and Scrotal Anomalies

Ronald Rabinowitz

, MD, University of Rochester Medical Center;

Jimena Cubillos

, MD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

Reviewed/Revised Aug 2022 | Modified Sep 2022

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Topic Resources

The most common testicular and scrotal anomalies are

Congenital hydrocele
Undescended testes (cryptorchidism Cryptorchidism Cryptorchidism is failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum; in younger children, it is typically accompanied by inguinal hernia. Diagnosis is by testicular examination, sometimes... read more )
Testicular torsion Testicular Torsion Testicular torsion is an emergency condition due to rotation of the testis and consequent strangulation of its blood supply. Symptoms are acute scrotal pain and swelling, nausea, and vomiting... read more

Rare anomalies include scrotal agenesis, hypoplasia, ectopia, or hemangioma; penoscrotal transposition; and bifid scrotum.

A congenital hydrocele is a collection of fluid in the scrotum between layers of the tunica vaginalis. It may be isolated (noncommunicating) or may communicate with the abdominal cavity through a patent processus vaginalis (a potential hernia space). Hydrocele manifests as a painless, enlarged scrotum. The condition may resolve spontaneously but usually requires repair if it persists after 12 months or if it enlarges.

Congenital hydrocele

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Testicular and Scrotal Anomalies

Congenital hydrocele

Congenital hydrocele

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