Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System

ByWilliam F. Young, Jr, MD, MSc, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Reviewed/Revised Apr 2022 | Modified Sept 2022
VIEW PROFESSIONAL VERSION

    The endocrine system consists of a group of glands and organs that regulate and control various body functions by producing and secreting hormones. Hormones are chemical substances that affect the activity of another part of the body. In essence, hormones serve as messengers, controlling and coordinating activities throughout the body. (See also Endocrine Glands.)

    Levels of most hormones decrease with aging, but some hormones remain at levels typical of those in younger adults, and some even increase. Even when hormone levels do not decline, endocrine function generally declines with age because hormone receptors become less sensitive.

    Some hormones that decrease with aging include

    • Estrogen (in women)

    • Testosterone (in men)

    • Growth hormone

    In women, estrogen levels decline with menopause. In men, testosterone levels usually decrease gradually. Decreased levels of growth hormone may lead to decreased muscle mass and strength. Decreased melatonin levels may play an important role in the loss of normal sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythms) with aging.

    Hormones that usually remain unchanged or only slightly decrease include

    • Cortisol

    • Insulin

    • Thyroid hormones

    Hormones that may increase include

    • Follicle-stimulating hormone

    • Luteinizing hormone

    • Parathyroid hormone

    MenopauseEffects of Aging on the Male Reproductive System.

    Drugs Mentioned In This Article
    quizzes_lightbulb_red
    Test your KnowledgeTake a Quiz!
    Download the free Merck Manual App iOS ANDROID
    Download the free Merck Manual App iOS ANDROID
    Download the free Merck Manual App iOS ANDROID